World Water report 2015_out.html

The TF-IDF algorithm has been used for the results. While using a minimum score of 0.3 and minimum average word weight of 0.01. If the score per category doesn't contain any scores it has been left out in the overview. Keep in mind that the term weight values are multiplied based on their PoS value. Only the PoS tags verb, noun, adjunctive and SPEC have a PoS value of 1. The rest have a value of 0.

Report The United Nations World Water Development Report Water for sustainable world UNDESA UNECE UNECLAC UNESCAP UNESCWA United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Empowered lives

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WWDR Chapter title The United Nations World Water Development Report Water for sustainable world Published in by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization place de Fontenoy Paris SP France UNESCO This report is published by UNESCO on behalf of UN Water

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The list of UN Water Members and Partners can be found on the following website http www

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org Chapter Europe and North America by Annukka Lipponen and Nicholas Bonvoisin United Nations Chapter Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations ISBN ePub ISBN Suggested citation WWAP United Nations World Water Assessment Programme

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The United Nations World Water Development Report Water for Sustainable World

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Paris UNESCO

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This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution ShareAlike

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The present license applies exclusively to the text content of the publication

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For the use of any material not clearly identified as belonging to UNESCO prior permission shall be requested from publication

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copyright unesco

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org or UNESCO Publishing place de Fontenoy Paris SP France

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The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries

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The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization

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The contents of Parts and were contributed by the UN Water Members and Partners listed on the title pages of the chapters therein

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UNESCO and the United Nations World Water Assessment Programme WWAP are not responsible for errors in the content provided or for discrepancies in data and content between contributed chapters

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Cover and interior design and typesetting by Phoenix Design Aid S an ISO environmental management and DS corporate social responsibility certified and approved carbon neutral company

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Printed by Dimensione Grafica ISO and FSC COC Spello Umbria Italy This publication is printed in vegetable inks on FSC Mixed Sources paper supporting responsible use of forest reserves recycled acid free and chlorine free

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Printed in Italy Table of Contents Foreword by Ban Ki moon Secretary General of the United Nations iv Foreword by Irina Bokova Director General of UNESCO Foreword by Michel Jarraud Chair of UN Water and Secretary General of WMO vi Preface by Michela Miletto WWAP Coordinator a

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and Richard Connor Lead Author vii Acknowledgementsix Executive summary Prologue The future of water vision for Chapter

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Constraints on water resources management WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PART Chapter

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Food and agriculture

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Rural livelihoods and social well being

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Effective governance Chapter

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Energy

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Responses water perspective on energy Chapter

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Context

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Responses Chapter

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Adapting to climate variability and change

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Responses and opportunities ii Table of Contents REGIONS PART Chapter

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Coordination between users

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'Greening' agricultural practices Chapter

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Asia and the Pacific

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Water related disasters

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Urban water

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Groundwater Chapter

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The Arab Region

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Water scarcity

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Threats to sustainability

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Progress and perspectives Chapter

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Latin America and the Caribbean

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Water governance

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Drinking water supply and sanitation Chapter

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Africa

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Overview

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Key water challenges related to sustainable development in Africa

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The way forward RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION PART Chapter

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Framework for implementing The Future We Want

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Water and the three dimensions of sustainable development

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The post development agenda

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Achieving The Future We Want Epilogue Water for sustainable world References Abbreviations and acronyms Boxes tables and figures WWDR iii Foreword by Ban Ki moon Secretary General of the United Nations Water flows through the three pillars of sustainable development economic social and environmental

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Water resources and the essential services they provide are among the keys to achieving poverty reduction inclusive growth public health food security lives of dignity for all and long lasting harmony with Earth essential ecosystems

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Water issues have risen in prominence in recent years reflecting growing understanding of water centrality as well as the world success in achieving the Millennium Development Goal target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water

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billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources such as piped supplies and protected wells

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The publication of the World Water Development Report Water for Sustainable World comes as Member States strive to build on the gains made under the MDG framework articulate an inspiring post development agenda and reach an ambitious agreement on climate change

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The report illustrates the complex linkages between water and critical areas such as human health food and energy security urbanization industrial growth and climate change

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growth0NN
climate0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.321524551345288
WordScorePoS
report0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
critical0.0454743001434393JJ
human0.011275328195446JJ
health0.0377086395700813NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
climate0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.311438019624809
WordScorePoS
report0NN
water0NN
critical0JJ
human0JJ
health0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.202570344855443
WordScorePoS
report0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
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human0.0273960270556257JJ
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energy0.0492535935240667NN
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climate0.0229054731708393NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.152415723779832
WordScorePoS
report0.0307735781890304NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
critical0JJ
human0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.130878838390829
WordScorePoS
report0NN
water0NN
critical0JJ
human0.0150723186962745JJ
health0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
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urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
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It also describes the status of the world water resources including an overview of the impacts of unsustainable growth on freshwater resources and suggests possible responses to these challenges

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.660998740698033
WordScorePoS
status0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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freshwater0.041835863322702NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.428180949211046
WordScorePoS
status0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.277844473435857
WordScorePoS
status0NN
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growth0.208565600657229NN
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challenge0.0347609334428716NN

The World Water Development Report coordinated by UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme brings together UN Water Members and Partners and offers data and information aimed at policy and decision makers inside and outside the water sector

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875200833460317
WordScorePoS
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water0.556409482163189NN
development0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375671549044682
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
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decision0NN
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The decisions that determine how water resources are used or abused are not made by water managers alone

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.907351154008174
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
determine0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.335593651614813
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
determine0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
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Progress towards sustainable development thus requires engaging broad range of actors

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.585613139131043
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.46463523882936
WordScorePoS
progress0.0591643007226199NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.455755049220882
WordScorePoS
progress0.0221298700466866NN
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actor0NN

I appeal to Government leaders as well as civil society and the private sector to join forces to protect and share our most precious resource and to build more sustainable future for all

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.683033835703368
WordScorePoS
government0.048933054487825NN
civil0.0978661089756501JJ
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force0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.350223289588378
WordScorePoS
government0NN
civil0JJ
society0.0335134328085675NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
sector0.0571058915334038NN
force0.0465610847355851NN
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future0NN

Ban Ki moon iv iv Foreword Foreword by Irina Bokova Director General of UNESCO This report comes at critical moment when freshwater resources face rising pressure to provide for the social economic and environmental needs of growing world population

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.286691485260363
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
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freshwater0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.412174666883094
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.399587054894361
WordScorePoS
ban0.122412709674631NN
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social0JJ
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world0.00261936653839306NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.388128528980325
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
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freshwater0NN
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world0.00257343720272548NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.368600169135768
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
ki0NN
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freshwater0NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
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provide0.0269743071558856VB
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world0.00626002771693937NN
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is also year of high expectations and hopes as the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals and when States will define new global sustainable development agenda to follow

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.586095269584905
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.503723439760456
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
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global0.00736619084902312JJ
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Water is inextricably linked to the development of all societies and cultures

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832954382345697
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354657783894424
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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society0NN
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At the same time this development also places considerable pressure on water resources agriculture energy and industry all have impacts on the use and governance of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.725903705923685
WordScorePoS
time0NN
development0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.441149420218054
WordScorePoS
time0.0169905820958638NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.310367346927189
WordScorePoS
time0NN
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water0NN
resource0NN
agriculture0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.249582538067384
WordScorePoS
time0.0188543197850406NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.173350302167005
WordScorePoS
time0.0182713919265625NN
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water0NN
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More than two decades after the first summit on sustainable development many countries still face the challenges of eliminating poverty and promoting economic growth ensuring health and sanitation preventing land degradation and pollution and advancing rural and urban development

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.44152985572331
WordScorePoS
decade0.055245183797332NN
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land0.0389167984372011NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.350905533548692
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.348532797359784
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.336999176944877
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.280773281670442
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.217630775869944
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.179468035106603
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.32735004497821
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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rural0.0330412182586772JJ
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Around million people today still do not have access to an improved source of drinking water and water demand for manufacturing is expected to increase by per cent between and globally

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901841307687413
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.269880698027727
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.252851919751726
WordScorePoS
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cent0.00772928135285065NN
globally0RB

The World Water Development Report sets both an aspirational and realistic vision for the future of water towards

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.888755964247728
WordScorePoS
world0.00438651305628668NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373438574674586
WordScorePoS
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Water is essential for promoting inclusive sustainable development as it supports human communities maintains the functions of ecosystems and ensures economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.61486769731956
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338089675568663
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.234719187315315
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.213565329018196
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Translating this vision into reality requires efforts by all through concrete and interrelated actions that go from establishing the legal and institutional framework to ensure sustainable water management and increasing investments and financial support for water development to enhancing and improving access to water supply sanitation and hygiene services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.865741870528266
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304196875180633
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
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To these ends UNESCO is deeply committed to ensuring equitable and inclusive quality education and lifelong learning for women and men across the world

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.880411608559241
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.312334635939516
WordScorePoS
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In many contexts this calls for freeing women and children from the burden of fetching water for hours every day to provide them with opportunities for their empowerment and fulfilment

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.594685734302104
WordScorePoS
context0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.505978892870932
WordScorePoS
context0NN
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This is essential for advancing respect for human rights and for eliminating poverty

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This is why the Report has mainstreamed the needs of the most vulnerable as well as those of minorities women and children throughout its approach and analysis

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am confident that the World Water Development Report will contribute significantly to the discussion of the th United Nations General Assembly and to shaping an ambitious new global sustainable development agenda with water at its heart

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In this respect wish to thank all members and partners of UN Water under the coordination of United Nations World Water Assessment Programme for their contribution to this report and commitment to the goals we share

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I see this as powerful example of the United Nations delivering as one on key issues for all member States

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The Secretariat of the United Nations World Water Assessment Programme has played particularly important role in coordinating this important work

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In this respect wish to express my gratitude also to the Government of Italy and the Umbria Region for hosting the United Nations World Water Assessment Programme and supporting its work

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The sustainable use and management of water is vital for welfare of all humanity today and it is essential for building the future we want for all

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This is why this Report is so important

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Irina Bokova WWDR v Foreword by Michel Jarraud Chair of UN Water and Secretary General of WMO is when the Millennium Development Goals will come to term and the new sustainable development agenda will come to light

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This year we have an unprecedented opportunity to be bold brave and vigorous when creating the future we want

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Water is truly at the core of sustainable development

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It is inextricably linked to climate change agriculture food security health equality gender and education and there is already international agreement that water and sanitation are essential to the achievement of many sustainable development goals

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In my capacity as Chair of UN Water am proud of this year World Water Development Report

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With broad and ambitious scope the Report provides thorough understanding of water and sanitation challenges and how to transform them into opportunities

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The production of this Report was only made possible by the hundreds of hours of inter agency collaboration that went into it

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Therefore would like to sincerely thank all of my UN Water colleagues for their contributions

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I would also like to express my profound appreciation to the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO for its World Water Assessment Programme which coordinates the production and publication of the Report on behalf of UN Water

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This Report is must read to understand the role of water and sanitation in the Post Development Agenda and it is my hope that this Report can inspire strategies policies and actions for years to come

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Michel Jarraud vi Foreword Preface by Michela Miletto WWAP Coordinator a

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and Richard Connor Lead Author In its report Our Common Future the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development the Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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Since then several other definitions have been proposed and debated and countless papers articles and books have been published each seeking to broaden our understanding of the concept and the types of actions it implies

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With the UN Conference on Environment and Development the Rio Summit through to the United Nations Millennium Declaration and its eight Millennium Development Goals MDGs sustainable development has become integrated into the UN System as the organizing principle for sustaining the finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of future generations of life on the planet

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marks yet another critical milestone in this evolution

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As the MDG cycle draws to close new cycle of Sustainable Development Goals SDGs is poised to guide national governments and the international community in our common quest to achieve sustainable world

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As the second in new series of annually released theme oriented reports the edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report WWDR clearly shows how water is critical to sustainable development

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Indeed water is the essential primary natural resource upon which nearly all social and economic activities and ecosystem functions depend

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Sustainable development requires that we properly manage our freshwater resources and equitably share its benefits

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The linkages between water and sustainable development are numerous complex and often subtle

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In addition to describing the relationship between water and its social economic and environmental dimensions this WWDR also examines water role in addressing several of the most pressing developmental challenges of our time from food and energy security to urbanization and climate change

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The Report is further enriched by regional perspectives and provides decision makers and practitioners with specific examples of measures actions and approaches to addressing these interconnected challenges through water

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Like its predecessors the WWDR is primarily targeted at national level decision makers and water resources managers

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However it is hoped the Report will also be well received by academics and the broader developmental community as well by those who care about the common future of our planet

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This latest edition of the WWDR is the result of concerted effort between WWAP the ten Lead Agencies FAO UNDESA UNDP UNEP UNESCO UN Habitat UNICEF UNIDO WHO and WMO responsible for the thematic part of the Report and the five Regional UN Economic Commissions who provided geographically focused perspectives on water and sustainable development

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The Report has also benefitted to great extent from the inputs and contributions of several UN Water Members and partners as well as from dozens of scientists professionals and NGOs who provided wide range of excellent material

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The members of WWAP Technical Advisory Committee were particularly active and generous in providing their guidance and knowledge to the production team

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In line with the previous publications of WWAP this Report is gender mainstreamed thanks to the support of UN Women the WWAP Advisory Group on Gender and the UNESCO Division for Gender Equality

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WWDR vii The report begins by describing world in the not so distant future in which water resources and water related services are managed in such way that the benefits derived from water are maximized and shared equitably throughout the world

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This vision is not merely fictional utopian outlook it is future that we believe is entirely achievable future in which water is recognized and managed as the fundamental resource that supports all aspects of sustainable development

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This vision represents new and innovative approach to the WWDR which we hope will prompt readers to reflect on how our world could be provided we make appropriate changes to the ways we do things

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Although the concept of sustainable development may be straightforward different stakeholders tend to see the challenges and potential solutions from their particular and often varying perspectives

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We have endeavoured to present fact based balanced and neutral account of the current state of knowledge covering the most recent developments pertaining to water and sustainable development

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As we move towards new paradigm of sustainable development whether via new set of development goals the decoupling of water and economic growth or the greening of economies it is our sincere hope that this factual Report is received as useful informative and credible tool that will support and strengthen proactive discussions pertaining to our common future and ultimately help to identify and adopt appropriate responses

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On behalf of WWAP Secretariat we extend our deepest appreciation to the UN Water Lead Agencies and Regional Commissions to the members and partners of UN Water and to the authors writers editors and other contributors for collectively producing this unique and authoritative report

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A special recognition goes to the UNDP who provided outstanding support from the very beginning of the Report development through to the final editing process

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particular thanks goes to Ms Irina Bokova Director General of UNESCO for her crucial support for WWAP and the production of the WWDR

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We are profoundly grateful to the Italian Government for funding the Programme and to the Umbria Region for hosting the WWAP Secretariat in Villa La Colombella in Perugia

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Their contribution has been instrumental to the production of the WWDR

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Finally we extend our most sincere gratitude to all our colleagues at the WWAP Secretariat whose names are listed in the acknowledgements

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This report could not have been completed without their dedication and professionalism

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Michela Miletto viii Preface Richard Connor Acknowledgements The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme WWAP Secretariat would like to extend its sincere thanks to all the organizations institutions and individuals who made the preparation of this Report possible

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WWAP recognizes the valuable contribution useful revisions and timely endorsements of UN Water members and partners

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Special thanks go to UNDP for their assistance in developing the structure and main messages of the Report and for hosting the WWDR Developmental Workshop in cooperation with Stockholm International Water Institute

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WWDR benefitted from the significant reviews comments and guidance of WWAP Technical Advisory Committee

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We wish to express our earnest thanks to Ms Irina Bokova the Director General of UNESCO whose support was instrumental in preparing the Report

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We would like to acknowledge the support of Ms Blanca Jiménez Cisneros Director of the Division of Water Sciences and Secretary of the International Hydrological Programme IHP and colleagues at IHP

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WWAP is grateful for the generous financial contribution of the Italian Government under the ratified Memorandum of Understanding for WWAP and for the facilities provided by the Umbria Region

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WWDR ix WWDR team The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme WWAP Content Coordinator Michela Miletto Donors Government of Italy Government of the Region of Umbria Italy Lead Author Richard Connor Process Coordinator Simone Grego Data and Indicators Officer Engin Koncagül Publications Officers Alice Franek Diwata Hunziker Publications Assistant Valentina Abete Copy editing PICA publishing Design and layout Phoenix Design Aid Acknowledgements WWAP Technical Advisory Committee Uri Shamir Chair Dipak Gyawali Deputy Chair Fatma Abdel Rahman Attia Anders Berntell Elias Fereres Mukuteswara Gopalakrishnan Daniel P

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Loucks Henk van Schaik Yui Liong Shie Lászlo Somlyody Lucio Ubertini and Albert Wright WWAP Advisory Group on Gender Equality Gülser Çorat and Kusum Athukorala Co Chairs Joanna Corzo Irene Dankelman Manal Eid Atef Hamdy Deepa Joshi Barbara van Koppen Kenza Robinson Buyelwa Sonjica and Theresa Wasike Marcia Brewster and Vasudha Pangare WWAP Secretariat Coordinator a

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.862861402235989
WordScorePoS
gender0.196902218579822NN
equality0.18624433894234NN

Michela Miletto Programmes Barbara Bracaglia Richard Connor Angela Renata Cordeiro Ortigara Simone Grego Engin Koncagül Lucilla Minelli Daniel Perna Léna Salamé and Laurens Thuy Publications Valentina Abete and Diwata Hunziker Communications Simona Gallese Gender and Regional Monitoring Francesca Greco Administration Arturo Frascani and Lisa Gastaldin Security Fabio Bianchi Michele Brensacchi and Francesco Gioffredi Interns and volunteers Agnese Carlini Lucia Chiodini Greta di Florio Alessio Lilli Jessica Pascucci Emma Schiavon Maxime Turko and Sisira Saddhamangala Withanachchi STATUS TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Executive Summary Cascata delle Marmore Marmore Waterfalls Terni Umbria Italy Photo Antonio Picascia Water is at the core of sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.673698014532578
WordScorePoS
programme0.0153390539205676NN
communication0NN
gender0NN
regional0JJ
monitor0NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
status0NN
challenge0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.310562208257604
WordScorePoS
programme0.02046578088155NN
communication0.0465610847355851NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
regional0JJ
monitor0NN
security0NN
status0NN
challenge0NN
water0NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300062358428871
WordScorePoS
programme0.0121782716594324NN
communication0NN
gender0NN
regional0JJ
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
security0NN
status0NN
challenge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Water resources and the range of services they provide underpin poverty reduction economic growth and environmental sustainability

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.507012213450759
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
range0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.478213167173407
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
range0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provide0VB
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.391528242392877
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
range0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
provide0VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
reduction0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358659131438204
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
range0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

From food and energy security to human and environmental health water contributes to improvements in social well being and inclusive growth affecting the livelihoods of billions

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.457170075065708
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
improvement0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
livelihood0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.451012188264958
WordScorePoS
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
environmental0JJ
health0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
contribute0VB
improvement0NN
social0JJ
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.448778845994442
WordScorePoS
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
human0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0NN
water0NN
contribute0VB
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
social0JJ
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
affect0VB
livelihood0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.326321142841619
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
human0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0NN
water0NN
contribute0.0297950283197006VB
improvement0NN
social0JJ
inclusive0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
affect0VB
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.212040616661597
WordScorePoS
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
health0NN
water0NN
contribute0VB
improvement0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
affect0VB
livelihood0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.153907296425712
WordScorePoS
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
human0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
contribute0VB
improvement0NN
social0JJ
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
affect0.00625975725959118VB
livelihood0NN

Vision Water in sustainable world In sustainable world that is achievable in the near future water and related resources are managed in support of human well being and ecosystem integrity in robust economy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.83039638034223
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
future0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
manage0VB
support0.0209983814716066NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
economy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.355331741435288
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
future0.0277064208763707NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
manage0VB
support0.00833571598658786NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
economy0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.195141522612729
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
world0.00110699520004297NN
future0NN
related0JJ
resource0.0317953333768269NN
manage0.0528409850971592VB
support0.00794883334420673NN
human0.0193783617722719JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
economy0NN

Sufficient and safe water is made available to meet every person basic needs with healthy lifestyles and behaviours easily upheld through reliable and affordable water supply and sanitation services in turn supported by equitably extended and efficiently managed infrastructure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.820024447055419
WordScorePoS
sufficient0.0516150472983178JJ
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
meet0VB
person0NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
healthy0JJ
lifestyle0NN
behaviour0NN
reliable0JJ
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
extend0VB
manage0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303766528921981
WordScorePoS
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
meet0VB
person0NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
healthy0JJ
lifestyle0.122937582259331NN
behaviour0NN
reliable0JJ
affordable0JJ
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
extend0VB
manage0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.273106775290206
WordScorePoS
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
meet0VB
person0NN
basic0.0480507272610562JJ
healthy0JJ
lifestyle0NN
behaviour0NN
reliable0.0737171311497939JJ
affordable0.0565629593551219JJ
supply0NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
extend0VB
manage0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.198450036878085
WordScorePoS
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
water0NN
meet0VB
person0NN
basic0JJ
healthy0JJ
lifestyle0NN
behaviour0NN
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
affordable0.0766742036076356JJ
supply0.0528748274225028NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
support0.0188084899376888NN
extend0VB
manage0VB
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN

Water resources management infrastructure and service delivery are sustainably financed

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.762688614119372
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
sustainably0RB
finance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.357309114365193
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
sustainably0RB
finance0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.315501462252768
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
sustainably0RB
finance0NN

Water is duly valued in all its forms with wastewater treated as resource that avails energy nutrients and freshwater for reuse

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.774168898011376
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
value0NN
form0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
nutrient0NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.410718028557453
WordScorePoS
water0NN
value0NN
form0NN
wastewater0NN
resource0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
nutrient0NN
freshwater0NN
reuse0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.335069151118006
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
value0NN
form0NN
wastewater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
nutrient0NN
freshwater0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.131240154722748
WordScorePoS
water0NN
value0NN
form0.158049144643351NN
wastewater0NN
resource0NN
energy0NN
nutrient0NN
freshwater0NN
reuse0NN

Human settlements develop in harmony with the natural water cycle and the ecosystems that support it with measures in place that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to water related disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788474608653283
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
settlement0NN
develop0VB
harmony0NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
cycle0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
measure0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
vulnerability0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
resilience0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380009313884257
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
settlement0NN
develop0VB
harmony0.0542519672965169NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
cycle0.108503934593034NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
measure0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
vulnerability0NN
improve0VB
resilience0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.325073177813407
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN
develop0VB
harmony0NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
cycle0NN
ecosystem0NN
support0.0224752180723703NN
measure0NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
vulnerability0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
resilience0.0373517915079663NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.137846347294266
WordScorePoS
human0.0193783617722719JJ
settlement0NN
develop0VB
harmony0NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
cycle0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
support0.00794883334420673NN
measure0.0223459295604043NN
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
vulnerability0NN
improve0VB
resilience0NN
related0JJ
disaster0NN

Integrated approaches to water resources development management and use − and to human rights − are the norm

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.746789200642792
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
approach0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
development0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
rights0NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.425752306232938
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
approach0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
development0.022306853314744NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
rights0NNS

Water is governed in participatory way that draws on the full potential of women and men as professionals and citizens guided by number of able and knowledgeable organizations within just and transparent institutional framework

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73387609799914
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
participatory0JJ
full0JJ
potential0NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
organization0NN
transparent0JJ
institutional0JJ
framework0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.346227776113377
WordScorePoS
water0NN
participatory0JJ
full0.0465610847355851JJ
potential0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
organization0NN
transparent0JJ
institutional0JJ
framework0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278182995489411
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
participatory0JJ
full0JJ
potential0NN
woman0NN
organization0NN
transparent0JJ
institutional0JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN

The consequences of unsustainable growth Unsustainable development pathways and governance failures have affected the quality and availability of water resources compromising their capacity to generate social and economic benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.530871428757182
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0NN
development0NN
governance0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
quality0.0255958462813622NN
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
generate0VB
social0JJ
economic0JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.395605068480933
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
growth0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
governance0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
quality0.0203215381458133NN
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
generate0VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.380989348500573
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
governance0NN
affect0VB
quality0.030144637392549NN
availability0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
capacity0.0123650647908625NN
generate0VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.314616040809267
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
governance0NN
affect0.0184786920895884VB
quality0NN
availability0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
capacity0NN
generate0VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN

Demand for freshwater is growing

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.580953363438375
WordScorePoS
demand0.0297950283197006NN
freshwater0.0357189919948307NN
grow0.0182713919265625VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.515155543572582
WordScorePoS
demand0.0264204925485796NN
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
grow0.016202004209163VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.343917182429198
WordScorePoS
demand0.030745604615229NN
freshwater0NN
grow0.0188543197850406VB

Unless the balance between demand and finite supplies is restored the world will face an increasingly severe global water deficit

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881833156818318
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
restore0.041835863322702VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308133952386426
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
restore0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

development in particular food production and energy

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.674721015187522
WordScorePoS
development0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.545759073055582
WordScorePoS
development0.022306853314744NN
food0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
energy0.133960988253756NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.444362457356972
WordScorePoS
development0.0159922815774215NN
food0.292342270824999NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN

The competition for water − between water uses and water users − increases the risk of localized conflicts and continued inequities in access to services with significant impacts on local economies and human well being

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.862834256934224
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
risk0NN
conflict0NN
continue0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
significant0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
economy0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351640027682379
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
risk0NN
conflict0NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
significant0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
economy0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.141752769657725
WordScorePoS
water0NN
user0NN
increase0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN
continue0VB
access0.00514687440545096NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
significant0.0376648791150643JJ
impact0NN
local0JJ
economy0NN
human0JJ

Over abstraction is often the result of out dated models of natural resource use and governance where the use of resources for economic growth is under regulated and undertaken without appropriate controls

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.474904566165586
WordScorePoS
result0NN
natural0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
governance0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
regulate0VB
undertake0VB
control0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.518346961398578
WordScorePoS
result0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
governance0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
regulate0VB
undertake0VB
control0.0614198493690006NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.358097299157749
WordScorePoS
result0NN
natural0.0285529457667019JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN
governance0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
growth0NN
regulate0VB
undertake0.0688661930304451VB
control0.0465610847355851NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.308477627548895
WordScorePoS
result0NN
natural0JJ
resource0.0572167664438909NN
governance0NN
economic0.0141533244035107JJ
growth0NN
regulate0.106396624114523VB
undertake0VB
control0NN

Groundwater supplies are diminishing with an estimated of the world aquifers currently over exploited

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.735931449578148
WordScorePoS
supplies0NNS
diminish0VB
estimate0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.414258487698146
WordScorePoS
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
diminish0VB
estimate0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
aquifer0NN

Disruption of ecosystems through unabated urbanization inappropriate agricultural practices deforestation and pollution are among the factors undermining the environment capacity to provide ecosystem services including clean water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.630823601900027
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
urbanization0NN
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
deforestation0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
environment0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
clean0.0348974218717993JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.399280828621973
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
urbanization0NN
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
pollution0NN
environment0NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
service0.0127200410376242NN
include0VB
clean0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.383102071860203
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
urbanization0NN
agricultural0JJ
practice0.0703006268489394NN
deforestation0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
clean0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.347230840890542
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
urbanization0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
practice0.0252000451111224NN
deforestation0NN
pollution0NN
environment0.0214456704626236NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
service0.0143446978608332NN
include0VB
clean0JJ
water0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.27350186507811
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
deforestation0NN
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
environment0.0268848280079943NN
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
service0.0269743071558856NN
include0VB
clean0JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.147408560492433
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
urbanization0NN
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
deforestation0NN
pollution0NN
environment0NN
capacity0NN
provide0VB
service0.0451471467893167NN
include0VB
clean0.125032076213024JJ
water0NN

Persistent poverty inequitable access to water supply and sanitation services inadequate financing and deficient information about the state of water resources their use and management impose further constraints on water resources management and its ability to help achieve sustainable development objectives

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.840791354219622
WordScorePoS
persistent0JJ
poverty0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
inadequate0.0836717266454039JJ
financing0NN
information0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
constraint0NN
ability0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
objective0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.343308506931373
WordScorePoS
persistent0JJ
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
inadequate0JJ
financing0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
constraint0NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
objective0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.210748528892607
WordScorePoS
persistent0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
water0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
inadequate0.0736315832425121JJ
financing0NN
information0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
constraint0NN
ability0NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
objective0NN

Water and the three dimensions of sustainable development Progress in each of the three dimensions of sustainable development − social economic and environmental − is bound by the limits imposed by finite and often vulnerable water resources and the way these resources are managed to provide services and benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.589655442689465
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
progress0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
environmental0JJ
limit0NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
manage0VB
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
benefit0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.50273080861348
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
progress0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
limit0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
manage0VB
provide0.0295703421524739VB
service0.0443555132287109NN
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344259754990894
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
progress0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
limit0NN
vulnerable0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
manage0VB
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
benefit0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.170314280982817
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
limit0NN
vulnerable0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
manage0VB
provide0VB
service0.0197870712294258NN
benefit0NN

Poverty and social equity While access to household water supplies is critical for family health and social dignity access to water for productive uses such as agriculture and family run Global water demand is largely influenced by population growth urbanization food and energy security policies and macro economic processes such as trade globalization changing diets and increasing consumption

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.559583600218515
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
social0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
household0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0.0348974218717993NN
health0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0NN
diet0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
consumption0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.460094094066974
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
demand0NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0NN
diet0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.296994621535334
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
social0JJ
access0.00749031153171887NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0.0297950283197006NN
health0NN
productive0.0714379839896614JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
demand0.0297950283197006NN
influence0NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
growth0.0252000451111224NN
urbanization0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0.0214456704626236NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
diet0.0440683498519077NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
consumption0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.279698605029681
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
access0.00344404437204141NN
household0NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0NN
productive0.0985415302158139JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
process0NN
trade0.0591643007226199NN
change0NN
diet0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.230386574375508
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
social0JJ
access0.0157161992303584NN
household0NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.105749654845006NN
diet0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
consumption0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.223537699124136
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0164178645080222NN
social0.0458109463416786JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
household0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0.0229054731708393NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.00501208088147356JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
growth0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
food0NN
energy0.0492535935240667NN
security0NN
policy0.0136980135278128NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
diet0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
consumption0.08955644059472NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.208121996258898
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
household0NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0.0519476926891779NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0NN
diet0NN
increase0NN
consumption0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.153745932245044
WordScorePoS
poverty0.00914534810831654NN
social0JJ
access0.00610236075888593NN
household0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0.0624189222007589NN
health0.191387734041787NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.013959557403375JJ
demand0.020806307400253NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0.0149758277542848NN
change0NN
diet0NN
increase0.0143984997539974NN
consumption0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.142046441371527
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
social0JJ
access0NN
household0NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
security0NN
policy0.0102677744436108NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
diet0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
consumption0NN

By global water demand is projected to increase by mainly due to growing demands from manufacturing thermal electricity generation and domestic use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.676505299499477
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
project0.041835863322702NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
grow0VB
manufacture0NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
generation0NN
domestic0JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.522210865231368
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
project0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
due0JJ
grow0.0188543197850406VB
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.404223836207026
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
grow0.0339811641917276VB
manufacture0NN
electricity0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
domestic0JJ

Competing demands impose difficult allocation decisions and limit the expansion of sectors critical to sustainable Fisher and her husband pulling in the net Timor Leste Photo UN Women Betsy Davis Executive summary businesses is vital to realize livelihood opportunities generate income and contribute to economic productivity

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.384352012380403
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
limit0NN
expansion0NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
fisher0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
generate0VB
income0NN
contribute0VB
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
productivity0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.325868687460065
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
decision0.02794560829783NN
limit0NN
expansion0NN
sector0NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
fisher0NN
woman0.0242343960710022NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
generate0VB
income0.166475342664294NN
contribute0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
productivity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.261722810479851
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
decision0NN
limit0NN
expansion0NN
sector0.0252035516550537NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
fisher0NN
woman0.0452169560888236NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
generate0VB
income0NN
contribute0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
productivity0.0410992516792148NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.479089991846733
WordScorePoS
demand0.030745604615229NN
decision0NN
limit0.0368585655748969NN
expansion0NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
critical0.0454743001434393JJ
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
fisher0NN
woman0NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
generate0VB
income0.110649350233433NN
contribute0VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
productivity0.0922368138456871NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.425981914483797
WordScorePoS
demand0.0297950283197006NN
decision0NN
limit0.0357189919948307NN
expansion0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
fisher0.0440683498519077NN
woman0.0546336178945768NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
income0.0643370113878709NN
contribute0.0297950283197006VB
economic0JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN

Investing in improved water management and services can help reduce poverty and sustain economic growth

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.582210099937931
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN
sustain0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.43474819162314
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0.0150723186962745VB
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
sustain0.049270765107907VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.417156292538893
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0VB
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
sustain0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294995056887959
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.317058441692832
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0.0121171980355011VB
water0NN
management0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
poverty0.05809266143877NN
sustain0.0396106020715138VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN

Povertyoriented water interventions can make difference for billions of poor people who receive very direct benefits from improved water and sanitation services through better health reduced health costs increased productivity and time savings

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.807689713055565
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
intervention0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
health0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
cost0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
productivity0NN
time0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.333222139288661
WordScorePoS
water0.0382775468083574NN
intervention0.0407408489778079NN
poor0JJ
people0.00539943740774902NNS
receive0.0814816979556159VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
health0.191387734041787NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
cost0NN
increase0.0143984997539974NN
productivity0NN
time0.0127591822694525NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.285756847494916
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
intervention0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
productivity0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.124460968037164
WordScorePoS
water0NN
intervention0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
health0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
cost0NN
increase0NN
productivity0NN
time0NN

Economic growth itself is not guarantee for wider social progress

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.753844681242768
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
guarantee0.0804764811724088NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
progress0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.45248310432257
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
guarantee0NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
progress0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.373194583604526
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
guarantee0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
progress0NN

In most countries there is wide and often widening gap between rich and poor and between those who can and cannot exploit new opportunities

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.654540939536728
WordScorePoS
country0NN
wide0JJ
gap0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
opportunity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.351934407298839
WordScorePoS
country0NN
wide0JJ
gap0NN
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN

Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is human right yet its limited realization throughout the world often has disproportionate impacts on the poor and on women and children in particular

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.855478307224817
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
woman0.0127979231406811NN
child0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.245368571359136
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
human0JJ
limited0.120266261535276JJ
world0.00257343720272548NN
impact0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
woman0.0450489732120807NN
child0.0450489732120807NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.215998016009099
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
woman0NN
child0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.17952027831669
WordScorePoS
access0.00780347258345989NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00585260443759492NN
impact0NN
poor0JJ
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN

Economic development Water is an essential resource in the production of most types of goods and services including food energy and manufacturing

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.51025234744096
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
production0.118934074671047NN
type0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
manufacture0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.455683571150792
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0NN
water0NN
essential0.0449973847138318JJ
resource0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
type0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
include0VB
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
manufacture0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.453707309521054
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
type0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
manufacture0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.322851666835508
WordScorePoS
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0185001613201543NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
type0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
include0VB
food0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.293791861505554
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
water0NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0358563662904843NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
type0NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
include0VB
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
manufacture0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.149179698756083
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
water0NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
type0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
include0VB
food0NN
energy0NN
manufacture0NN

Water supply quantity and quality at the place where the user needs it must be reliable and predictable to support financially sustainable investments in economic activities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.701415696626191
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.0209983814716066NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
investment0NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359044534199397
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.00833571598658786NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
investment0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.265722892278954
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
quality0NN
user0NN
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.0188084899376888NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
investment0.0383371018038178NN
economic0JJ
activity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.240783905812821
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.024730129581725NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
investment0.0252035516550537NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

Wise investment in both hard and soft infrastructure that is adequately financed operated and maintained facilitates the structural changes necessary to foster advances in many productive areas of the economy

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.51639174150219
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
facilitate0.0260040237236563VB
foster0.0454743001434393JJ
advance0NN
productive0JJ
economy0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.48210645699527
WordScorePoS
investment0.0383371018038178NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
facilitate0.0528748274225028VB
foster0JJ
advance0.0625160381065121NN
productive0JJ
economy0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.37448710588533
WordScorePoS
investment0.0182713919265625NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
facilitate0.0252000451111224VB
foster0JJ
advance0NN
productive0.0714379839896614JJ
economy0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.352857134024382
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
infrastructure0NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
facilitate0VB
foster0JJ
advance0NN
productive0.0985415302158139JJ
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.316462169757997
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
finance0.036961556179878NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
foster0.036961556179878JJ
advance0NN
productive0JJ
economy0NN

This often means more income opportunities to enhance expenditure in health and education reinforcing selfsustained dynamic of economic development

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.535965147879062
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
income0.166475342664294NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
enhance0.00994073584907126VB
expenditure0.064698038783335NN
health0.0405241466500776NN
education0.0121171980355011NN
reinforce0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.328685745803665
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
income0NN
opportunity0NN
enhance0VB
expenditure0NN
health0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
reinforce0VB
economic0JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.259670902260627
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
income0NN
opportunity0NN
enhance0VB
expenditure0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
reinforce0VB
economic0JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.238564057145028
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
income0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
enhance0.0123650647908625VB
expenditure0NN
health0NN
education0.0150723186962745NN
reinforce0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.383969357068754
WordScorePoS
means0.120266261535276NNS
income0.0442083771593746NN
opportunity0NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
expenditure0NN
health0NN
education0.0225244866060403NN
reinforce0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.323600405960852
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
income0.110649350233433NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
enhance0.0185001613201543VB
expenditure0NN
health0.0377086395700813NN
education0.022550656390892NN
reinforce0VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN

Many benefits may be gained by promoting and facilitating use of the best available technologies and management systems in water provision productivity and efficiency and by improving water allocation mechanisms

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.806070685086117
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
promote0VB
facilitate0VB
technology0.0153390539205676NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
system0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
provision0NN
productivity0NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
mechanism0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324434538035771
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
gain0.0664302389559493NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
facilitate0VB
technology0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
system0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
provision0NN
productivity0NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
improve0VB
mechanism0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.201849778460522
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
gain0NN
promote0.00838876601975825VB
facilitate0.0528748274225028VB
technology0.109914925284606NN
management0NN
system0NN
water0NN
provision0NN
productivity0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
mechanism0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.201391861898792
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
gain0NN
promote0.0100599344419752VB
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
technology0.109843026967392NN
management0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
water0NN
provision0NN
productivity0NN
efficiency0NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
mechanism0.147846224719512NN

These types of interventions and investments reconcile the continuous increase in water use with the need to preserve the critical environmental assets on which the provision of water and the economy depends

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.857915742804251
WordScorePoS
type0NN
intervention0NN
investment0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
critical0JJ
environmental0JJ
asset0NN
provision0NN
economy0NN
depend0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338927133027847
WordScorePoS
type0NN
intervention0NN
investment0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
critical0JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
asset0NN
provision0NN
economy0NN
depend0VB

under recognized and under utilized within most current economic and resource management approaches

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.290748196977335
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
utilize0VB
current0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
approach0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.466014701435099
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
utilize0.0731385760866977VB
current0JJ
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
resource0.0449504361447405NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.426180342732777
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
utilize0VB
current0.0332151194779746JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.385021853045368
WordScorePoS
recognize0.0325700316331562VB
utilize0VB
current0.0325700316331562JJ
economic0.0141533244035107JJ
resource0.0572167664438909NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
approach0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.350776647687636
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
utilize0VB
current0JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
approach0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.323314797932238
WordScorePoS
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
utilize0VB
current0JJ
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN
management0NN
approach0NN

A more holistic focus on ecosystems for water and development that maintains beneficial mix between built and natural infrastructure can ensure that benefits are maximized

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.66478060267465
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
development0NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
benefit0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.371240312940489
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0.030745604615229NN
ecosystem0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0.030745604615229VB
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
benefit0.0260040237236563NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334983078901503
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
development0.022306853314744NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
benefit0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.239681517913989
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
water0.016202004209163NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.016202004209163JJ
infrastructure0NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
benefit0.0446918591208085NN

Economic arguments can make the preservation of ecosystems relevant to decision makers and planners

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.35275165865888
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
relevant0JJ
decision0NN
maker0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.337987178850991
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
ecosystem0NN
relevant0JJ
decision0NN
maker0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.473820682880422
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
ecosystem0NN
relevant0JJ
decision0.02794560829783NN
maker0.0488696285210061NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.389222576982528
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
ecosystem0NN
relevant0JJ
decision0.0519476926891779NN
maker0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356289086474988
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
relevant0.0277064208763707JJ
decision0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN

Ecosystem valuation demonstrates that benefits far exceed costs of water related investments in ecosystem conservation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.75970603237466
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
benefit0NN
exceed0.0516150472983178VB
cost0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
investment0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.47118113848935
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
benefit0.0446918591208085NN
exceed0VB
cost0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
related0JJ
investment0NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284862080923165
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
benefit0NN
exceed0VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
investment0NN
conservation0NN

Valuation is also important in assessing trade offs in ecosystem conservation and can be used to better inform development plans

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.725916676721667
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
plan0.0137637438743113NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.421937685870394
WordScorePoS
trade0.0391100714971453NN
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
conservation0.0803666323453555NN
development0.0036456034155327NN
plan0.0141533244035107NN

Adoption of ecosystem based management is key to ensuring water long term sustainability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.744986387085398
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
base0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
key0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
term0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.365047486879066
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
key0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
term0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.32437516882543
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
key0.0528409850971592NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
water0.016202004209163NN
term0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.242956275363435
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
ecosystem0NN
base0.017987180284335NN
management0NN
key0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
water0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
sustainability0.036961556179878NN

Water role in addressing critical developmental challenges Interlinkages between water and sustainable development reach far beyond its social economic and environmental dimensions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.74994225004498
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
reach0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
environmental0JJ
dimension0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380722159890098
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
reach0.0332151194779746NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
dimension0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.307243461772886
WordScorePoS
water0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
reach0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
dimension0.181686110904276NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.172037386094926
WordScorePoS
water0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
reach0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
dimension0NN

Human health food and energy security urbanization and industrial growth as well as climate change are critical challenge areas where policies and actions at the core of sustainable development can be strengthened or weakened through water

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.458146971586187
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
health0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0NN
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
policy0NN
action0NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
strengthen0VB
water0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.440814584584634
WordScorePoS
human0.0205355488872215JJ
health0NN
food0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0.0414107553022249JJ
growth0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
policy0.0102677744436108NN
action0.0369195714265843NN
sustainable0JJ
development0NN
strengthen0.00673981184904291VB
water0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.338932500847675
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
health0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
policy0NN
action0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.331425099422442
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.320966104048813
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
health0.0377086395700813NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
climate0NN
change0NN
critical0.0454743001434393JJ
challenge0NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
action0.0135141354781442NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
strengthen0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.291205043615592
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
health0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
policy0NN
action0NN
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
strengthen0.00717234893041658VB
water0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.255456802212135
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
health0.0229054731708393NN
food0NN
energy0.0492535935240667NN
security0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
industrial0JJ
growth0NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
policy0.0136980135278128NN
action0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
strengthen0.0179828714372571VB
water0.0458109463416786NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.169757340403464
WordScorePoS
human0.0150723186962745JJ
health0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
climate0NN
change0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
action0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
strengthen0.00989353561471291VB
water0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.132268426078647
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
urbanization0NN
industrial0JJ
growth0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
policy0NN
action0NN
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
strengthen0.0150256708965218VB
water0.0382775468083574NN

Lack of water supply sanitation and hygiene WASH takes huge toll on health and well being and comes at large financial cost including sizable loss of economic activity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.838524002524426
WordScorePoS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
health0NN
financial0JJ
cost0NN
include0VB
loss0NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310526054214403
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
financial0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN
include0VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.188828203729932
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
supply0NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
hygiene0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
financial0.00625975725959118JJ
cost0NN
include0VB
loss0NN
economic0JJ
activity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.159495513067579
WordScorePoS
lack0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
health0NN
financial0.0370951943725875JJ
cost0NN
include0VB
loss0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

In order to achieve universal access there is need for accelerated progress in disadvantaged groups and to ensure non discrimination in WASH service provision

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.560015093212746
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
universal0.02046578088155JJ
access0.00780347258345989NN
accelerate0VB
progress0.0335134328085675NN
disadvantaged0JJ
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
discrimination0.111637082206855NN
service0.022416649027415NN
provision0.0558185411034276NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.539673142702375
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
universal0JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
progress0NN
disadvantaged0JJ
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
discrimination0.0736315832425121NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provision0NN

Investments in water and sanitation services result in substantial economic gains in developing regions the return on investment has been estimated at US to US per dollar

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.775116191368815
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
substantial0JJ
economic0JJ
gain0.041835863322702NN
develop0VB
region0NN
return0NN
estimate0NN
dollar0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.363554977950355
WordScorePoS
investment0.0376648791150643NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
result0NN
substantial0.0736315832425121JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
gain0NN
develop0VB
region0.184259548107002NN
return0NN
estimate0NN
dollar0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.273648787850105
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
result0NN
substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
gain0.0664302389559493NN
develop0VB
region0NN
return0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
dollar0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.152508948425511
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
result0NN
substantial0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
gain0NN
develop0VB
region0NN
return0NN
estimate0NN
dollar0NN

An estimated US billion year over five year period would be needed to achieve universal coverage small sum given this represented less than

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.461592255794007
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN
period0NN
achieve0.00385756426954823VB
universal0.0182906962166331JJ
coverage0.0307735781890304NN
represent0VB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.418247304609494
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
period0NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
universal0JJ
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
represent0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.353335665113988
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
period0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
coverage0NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.323727291462816
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0299609328954485NN
period0NN
achieve0.0308700730580309VB
universal0.0182963616752599JJ
coverage0NN
represent0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312291450636049
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
period0.0409791940864438NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
universal0JJ
coverage0NN
represent0VB

of the global GDP

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.742170968028139
WordScorePoS
global0.0182280170776635JJ
gdp0.0531983120572613NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.390375389729258
WordScorePoS
global0.0375696197697663JJ
gdp0NN

Environmental protection and ecosystem services Most economic models do not value the essential services provided by freshwater ecosystems often leading to unsustainable use of water resources and ecosystem degradation

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.534755779928738
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
economic0JJ
essential0.0190167691930804JJ
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
lead0.016202004209163NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.517221155391564
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
economic0JJ
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
lead0NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
degradation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.410181988020815
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
protection0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
essential0JJ
freshwater0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.216669335608394
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
protection0NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
essential0JJ
freshwater0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
degradation0.049270765107907NN

Pollution from untreated residential and industrial wastewater and agricultural run off also weakens the capacity of ecosystem to provide water related services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.802603893961373
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
provide0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.344128183526422
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
wastewater0NN
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
capacity0NN
ecosystem0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.274097671072398
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
wastewater0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
water0NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ
service0.0143446978608332NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.268727559350831
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
untreated0JJ
residential0.0542519672965169JJ
industrial0JJ
wastewater0NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.181183442906037
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
wastewater0NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
water0.016202004209163NN
related0JJ
service0.0127200410376242NN

The increase in the number of people without access to water and sanitation in urban areas is directly related to the rapid growth of slum populations in the developing world and the inability or unwillingness of local and national governments to provide adequate water and sanitation facilities in these communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.865151171760772
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
urban0JJ
related0.0524959536790166JJ
rapid0JJ
growth0NN
slum0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
develop0VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
national0JJ
government0NN
provide0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
facility0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.317595151065705
WordScorePoS
increase0.00323105002784081NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
access0.00626002771693937NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
related0.0112376090361851JJ
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
growth0NN
slum0.146277152173395NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
develop0VB
world0.00626002771693937NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
national0.00501208088147356JJ
government0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
facility0NN
community0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.2211420649794
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
urban0JJ
related0.00833571598658786JJ
rapid0JJ
growth0NN
slum0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
develop0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
government0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
facility0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.136686108304903
WordScorePoS
increase0.00711043475673939NN
people0.0106656521351091NNS
access0.00344404437204141NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
urban0JJ
related0.0123650647908625JJ
rapid0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
slum0NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
develop0VB
world0.00172202218602071NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
national0.0055149369084567JJ
government0NN
provide0VB
adequate0JJ
facility0NN
community0NN

The world's slum population which is expected to reach nearly million by is also more vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather events

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.728542734397766
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
population0NN
expect0VB
reach0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
impact0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
weather0NN
event0.0908430554521382NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.337698811678354
WordScorePoS
slum0.146277152173395NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
expect0VB
reach0NN
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
impact0.0194583992186006NN
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.345873565025912
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
population0NN
expect0.0335649154577099VB
reach0NN
vulnerable0.0171695137813101JJ
impact0.0437569550806737NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
weather0.0671298309154199NN
event0.0414107553022249NN

It is however possible to improve performance of urban water supply systems while continuing to expand the system and addressing the needs of the poor

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.704229253108497
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
system0NN
continue0VB
expand0.0251182378961834VB
address0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.480858825507518
WordScorePoS
improve0.0273960270556257VB
performance0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
continue0.0537696560159885VB
expand0.0268848280079943VB
address0NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289833614546336
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
system0NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
expand0VB
address0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.237138207635777
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
continue0VB
expand0VB
address0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ

Ecosystems across the world particularly wetlands are in decline

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.803751497538794
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
decline0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.39443692075654
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
decline0NN

Ecosystem services remain under valued By agriculture will need to produce more food globally and more in developing countries

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.769972105815955
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
remain0VB
value0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
produce0.0357189919948307VB
food0.292342270824999NN
globally0RB
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414245591301837
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
remain0VB
value0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
food0.186896403054502NN
globally0RB
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.37995597399841
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
remain0VB
value0.0390772412228479NN
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
produce0VB
food0.016202004209163NN
globally0RB
develop0VB
country0NN

As the WWDR spatial distributing of water resources and the frequency and intensity of water related disasters rise significantly with increasing greenhouse gas emissions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.795918992670926
WordScorePoS
distribute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
intensity0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN
significantly0RB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
emission0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348240185600595
WordScorePoS
distribute0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
intensity0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
rise0NN
significantly0RB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
greenhouse0.0332151194779746NN
gas0.0332151194779746NN
emission0.0554128417527413NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.317497267921127
WordScorePoS
distribute0VB
water0NN
resource0NN
intensity0NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
rise0.120914181920259NN
significantly0RB
increase0.0145316075945746NN
greenhouse0.0671298309154199NN
gas0.0671298309154199NN
emission0.19598742448524NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.234089782038207
WordScorePoS
distribute0VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
intensity0NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
rise0.0268848280079943NN
significantly0RB
increase0.00323105002784081NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
emission0.0373517915079663NN

Exploitation of new data sources better models and more powerful data analysis methods as well as the design of adaptive management strategies can help respond effectively to changing and uncertain conditions

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.786815853966847
WordScorePoS
exploitation0NN
datum0NN
source0.0123065238088614NN
adaptive0.0548233071065585JJ
management0.0171695137813101NN
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
effectively0RB
change0.402565546215053NN
condition0NN

Regional perspectives The challenges at the interface of water and sustainable development vary from one region to another

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.754646368036862
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
perspective0NN
challenge0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
region0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.348782919114159
WordScorePoS
regional0.0519476926891779JJ
perspective0NN
challenge0NN
water0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304979061617521
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
perspective0NN
challenge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
region0NN

Haitian students breathe new life into depleted pine forest Photo UN Photo Logan Abassi current growth rates of global agricultural water demand are unsustainable the sector will need to increase its water use efficiency by reducing water losses and most importantly increase crop productivity with respect to water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.827814638632114
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0NN
deplete0VB
forest0.041835863322702NN
current0JJ
growth0NN
rate0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
agricultural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
unsustainable0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
loss0NN
crop0NN
productivity0NN
respect0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358026121606933
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0.0250071479597636NN
deplete0VB
forest0NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ
growth0NN
rate0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
agricultural0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
crop0NN
productivity0NN
respect0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.214651722862732
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0.00794883334420673NN
deplete0VB
forest0.380082214408185NN
current0JJ
growth0NN
rate0.0137637438743113NN
global0.00354525553489471JJ
agricultural0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
demand0.0264204925485796NN
unsustainable0JJ
sector0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
efficiency0NN
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
loss0.0670377886812128NN
crop0.0316735178673487NN
productivity0NN
respect0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.179646627088379
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0NN
deplete0VB
forest0.0357189919948307NN
current0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
rate0.0155217067874935NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
unsustainable0JJ
sector0.0182713919265625NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
efficiency0NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
loss0NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
respect0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.12494500132778
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0.0123650647908625NN
deplete0VB
forest0NN
current0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
rate0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
agricultural0JJ
water0NN
demand0NN
unsustainable0JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
loss0NN
crop0NN
productivity0.0410992516792148NN
respect0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0879292875176669
WordScorePoS
breathe0VB
life0.0188084899376888NN
deplete0VB
forest0NN
current0JJ
growth0NN
rate0.0325677023224526NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
agricultural0JJ
water0NN
demand0NN
unsustainable0JJ
sector0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
loss0NN
crop0NN
productivity0NN
respect0NN

Agricultural water pollution which may worsen with increased intensive agriculture can be reduced through combination of instruments including more stringent regulation enforcement and well targeted subsidies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696494516543488
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
worsen0.0683326727248364VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
intensive0JJ
agriculture0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0NN
subsidy0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.487340420764577
WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
water0NN
pollution0NN
worsen0VB
increase0.0128868286091919NN
intensive0JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0.0357189919948307NN
subsidy0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.333629657750084
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
worsen0VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
intensive0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0NN
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.271232643895814
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
water0.0333211986002325NN
pollution0.0689352823740101NN
worsen0VB
increase0.00470029406779661NN
intensive0JJ
agriculture0NN
reduce0.0036456034155327VB
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN

Energy production is generally water intensive

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.633349151312456
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN
intensive0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.569074866953497
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
water0NN
intensive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.469598023978578
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
production0.118934074671047NN
water0.186896403054502NN
intensive0JJ

Meeting ever growing demands for energy will generate increasing stress on freshwater resources with repercussions on other users such as agriculture and industry

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.624788614384555
WordScorePoS
grow0VB
demand0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
generate0VB
increase0.0162235147372888NN
stress0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0NN
user0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.414211663764283
WordScorePoS
grow0.0182713919265625VB
demand0.0297950283197006NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
increase0.0128868286091919NN
stress0NN
freshwater0.0357189919948307NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
user0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.391393014169375
WordScorePoS
grow0.0188543197850406VB
demand0.030745604615229NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
generate0VB
increase0.0159575617614215NN
stress0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
user0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368343854120539
WordScorePoS
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
generate0VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
user0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
industry0NN

Since these sectors also require energy there is room to create synergies as they develop together

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.788583395739483
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
require0VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
create0VB
develop0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352749200306786
WordScorePoS
sector0.0169905820958638NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
energy0.133960988253756NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
develop0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.317284939763391
WordScorePoS
sector0.0252035516550537NN
require0.104282800328615VB
energy0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
develop0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.300741132394887
WordScorePoS
sector0.0565629593551219NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
energy0.0540565419125769NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
develop0VB

Maximizing the water efficiency of power plant cooling systems and increasing the capacity of wind solar PV and geothermal energy will be key determinant in achieving sustainable water future

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729368265407097
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
power0NN
plant0NN
system0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
key0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
future0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.430160391018196
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
power0NN
plant0NN
system0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
capacity0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
achieve0VB
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
future0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373971053641769
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
power0NN
plant0NN
system0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
key0NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
future0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.19514487340925
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0NN
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
future0.0297950283197006NN

Global water demand for the manufacturing industry is expected to increase by from to leading all other sectors with the bulk of this increase occurring in emerging economies and developing countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.596336764305033
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
expect0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
lead0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
occur0VB
emerge0VB
economy0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.589645273090251
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
expect0VB
increase0.0159575617614215NN
lead0.0188543197850406NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
occur0VB
emerge0VB
economy0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.33157535419478
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
occur0.0409791940864438VB
emerge0VB
economy0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Many large corporations have made considerable progress in evaluating and reducing their water use and that of their supply chains

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.83088426551068
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
chain0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.480682461549814
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN

Small and medium sized enterprises are faced with similar water challenges on smaller scale but have fewer means and less ability to meet them

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.699244027895259
WordScorePoS
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
face0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
challenge0NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0NN
meet0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.286372995989201
WordScorePoS
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
face0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
challenge0NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0.0409791940864438NN
meet0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.462788435042588
WordScorePoS
medium0.0454743001434393NN
size0.0368585655748969NN
enterprise0.0909486002868787NN
face0.120405991343299NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
challenge0NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
means0NNS
ability0NN
meet0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.334780996796753
WordScorePoS
medium0.0607878664258118NN
size0.049270765107907NN
enterprise0.0607878664258118NN
face0NN
water0NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0.0607878664258118NN
meet0VB

The negative impacts of climate change on freshwater systems will most likely outweigh its benefits

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.864374218388818
WordScorePoS
impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
freshwater0NN
system0NN
benefit0NN

Current projections show that crucial changes in the temporal and Executive summary Increasing resource use efficiency reducing waste and pollution influencing consumption patterns and choosing appropriate technologies are the main challenges facing Europe and North America

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.704507535424766
WordScorePoS
current0.0332151194779746JJ
projection0NN
crucial0JJ
increase0.00958677785775002NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
waste0.138532104381853NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
technology0NN
challenge0NN
face0NN
north0RB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.348999262141706
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
projection0NN
crucial0JJ
increase0.0162235147372888NN
resource0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
waste0.0625160381065121NN
pollution0NN
influence0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
face0NN
north0RB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.215020825974851
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
projection0NN
crucial0JJ
increase0.00711043475673939NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
waste0NN
pollution0NN
influence0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
pattern0NN
technology0NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
face0NN
north0RB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.340261451662171
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
projection0NN
crucial0JJ
increase0.00323105002784081NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
efficiency0.0537696560159885NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
waste0.0373517915079663NN
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
influence0NN
consumption0.08955644059472NN
pattern0NN
technology0NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
face0NN
north0RB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.308651918541328
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
projection0NN
crucial0.0602029956716497JJ
increase0.0159575617614215NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
reduce0VB
waste0NN
pollution0NN
influence0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
challenge0NN
face0.120405991343299NN
north0RB

Reconciling different water uses at the basin level and improving policy coherence nationally and across borders will be priorities for many years to come

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.844874457139258
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
policy0NN
coherence0NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313649164434999
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
basin0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
improve0VB
policy0.0203215381458133NN
coherence0NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.301077989855522
WordScorePoS
water0NN
basin0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
policy0.0641521854453136NN
coherence0.146799163463475NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0NN

Sustainability in the Asia and the Pacific region is intimately linked with progress in access to safe water and sanitation meeting water demands across multiple uses and mitigating the concurrent pollution loads improving groundwater management and increasing resilience to water related disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.896279691168749
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
asia0IN
region0NN
progress0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
demand0NN
multiple0JJ
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
resilience0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.261582096510347
WordScorePoS
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
asia0IN
region0NN
progress0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
demand0NN
multiple0JJ
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
improve0VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
resilience0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.22056112113249
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
asia0IN
region0NN
progress0NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
demand0NN
multiple0JJ
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
management0.0687164195125178NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
resilience0.0373517915079663NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.123701692757903
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
asia0IN
region0.184259548107002NN
progress0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
demand0NN
multiple0JJ
pollution0NN
improve0VB
management0NN
increase0NN
resilience0.0614198493690006NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
disaster0.0519476926891779NN

Water scarcity stands at the forefront when considering water related challenges that impede progress towards sustainable development in the Arab region where unsustainable consumption and over abstraction of surface and groundwater resources contribute to water shortages and threaten long term sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.809257334066932
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
stand0VB
related0.0524959536790166JJ
challenge0NN
progress0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
region0NN
unsustainable0JJ
consumption0NN
surface0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
contribute0VB
shortage0.0516150472983178NN
threaten0VB
term0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443750498642804
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
stand0VB
related0.00833571598658786JJ
challenge0NN
progress0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
region0NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
consumption0.332151194779746NN
surface0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
shortage0NN
threaten0VB
term0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.155646942780224
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarcity0NN
stand0.048933054487825VB
related0JJ
challenge0NN
progress0.017987180284335NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
region0NN
unsustainable0JJ
consumption0NN
surface0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
contribute0.0249900578719309VB
shortage0NN
threaten0VB
term0.149793392961411NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.125670161942732
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarcity0NN
stand0VB
related0.0184786920895884JJ
challenge0NN
progress0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
region0.184259548107002NN
unsustainable0JJ
consumption0NN
surface0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
contribute0VB
shortage0NN
threaten0VB
term0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.1144197419976
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarcity0NN
stand0VB
related0.0123650647908625JJ
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
region0NN
unsustainable0JJ
consumption0.147812295323721NN
surface0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
contribute0VB
shortage0NN
threaten0VB
term0NN

Options being adopted to enhance water supplies include water harvesting wastewater reuse and solar energy desalination

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.867503474717431
WordScorePoS
adopt0VB
enhance0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
include0VB
harvest0.041835863322702NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
desalination0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354591814939524
WordScorePoS
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
enhance0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
include0VB
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
wastewater0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
desalination0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.287994047733776
WordScorePoS
adopt0VB
enhance0.0188084899376888VB
water0NN
supplies0NNS
include0VB
harvest0NN
wastewater0NN
reuse0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
desalination0NN

major priority for the Latin America and the Caribbean region is to build the formal institutional capacity to manage water resources and bring sustainable integration of water resources management and use into socio economic development and poverty reduction

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.647886958206915
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
priority0NN
region0NN
build0VB
institutional0JJ
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
bring0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
integration0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.425771537330438
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
priority0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
build0.0614198493690006VB
institutional0JJ
capacity0NN
manage0VB
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
bring0VB
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
integration0NN
management0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356723756799256
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
priority0.0409791940864438NN
region0NN
build0VB
institutional0JJ
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
bring0VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
integration0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.14806532191703
WordScorePoS
major0.0214106369326177JJ
priority0NN
region0NN
build0VB
institutional0JJ
capacity0.0123650647908625NN
manage0VB
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
bring0VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
integration0NN
management0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
reduction0NN

Another priority is to ensure the full realization of the human right to water and sanitation in the context of the post development agenda

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.872067274934436
WordScorePoS
priority0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
full0JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
context0NN
post0NN
development0NN
agenda0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294831523151575
WordScorePoS
priority0.0409791940864438NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
full0JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
context0NN
post0.0409791940864438NN
development0.022306853314744NN
agenda0NN

The fundamental aim for Africa is to achieve durable and vibrant participation in the global economy while developing its natural and human resources without repeating the negatives experienced on the development paths of some other regions

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.533483561425407
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
aim0NN
africa0IN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
participation0.0614198493690006NN
global0JJ
economy0NN
develop0VB
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
human0JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
experienced0JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.426005949349319
WordScorePoS
fundamental0.0558185411034276JJ
aim0NN
africa0IN
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
participation0.0465610847355851NN
global0JJ
economy0.0465610847355851NN
develop0VB
natural0.0285529457667019JJ
human0.0170753354211044JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN
experienced0JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
region0.0465610847355851NN

Currently only of the Africa potential water resources are developed and average per capita storage is compared to in North America

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788981449663637
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
develop0VB
average0NN
capita0NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.364340050566764
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
develop0VB
average0NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.288162091284824
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
develop0VB
average0.1656430212089NN
capita0NN
compare0.0414107553022249VB
north0RB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.204039374584925
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
develop0VB
average0.146608885563018NN
capita0NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Only of Africa cultivated land is irrigated and less than of hydropower potential is utilized for electricity generation

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.490822461623076
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0NN
hydropower0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
utilize0VB
electricity0.030745604615229NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.47843928229481
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0.123873694868802NN
hydropower0NN
potential0.0390772412228479NN
utilize0VB
electricity0NN
generation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.395497219359797
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0.0583416713841148VB
land0.0465651203624806NN
hydropower0NN
potential0NN
utilize0VB
electricity0.0297950283197006NN
generation0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.329005124182516
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0.0389167984372011NN
hydropower0NN
potential0NN
utilize0.0731385760866977VB
electricity0NN
generation0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.303093271843872
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
potential0NN
utilize0VB
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
generation0NN

production energy industry and other social and economic activities

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.639981526901574
WordScorePoS
production0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
industry0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
activity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.400027502897551
WordScorePoS
production0.118934074671047NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
industry0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.367085758806934
WordScorePoS
production0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
activity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.310844181269792
WordScorePoS
production0.0504071033101074NN
energy0NN
industry0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

Responses and means of implementation Achieving The Future We Want The post development agenda The Millennium Development Goals MDGs were successful in rallying public private and political support for global poverty reduction

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.464102888776629
WordScorePoS
response0NN
means0.120266261535276NNS
implementation0NN
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future0NN
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development0.0164833460638534NN
agenda0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
successful0JJ
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political0JJ
support0.0184786920895884NN
global0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.455342490613055
WordScorePoS
response0NN
means0NNS
implementation0.017987180284335NN
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
future0NN
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millennium0JJ
goal0NN
successful0.048933054487825JJ
public0.0390556786919513NN
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support0.0451108483130998NN
global0.0201198688839505JJ
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.391594725487388
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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achieve0.0258977780207001VB
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development0.0124956749436837NN
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millennium0.0911713013253052JJ
goal0NN
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public0.0727679293221751NN
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political0.111637082206855JJ
support0NN
global0JJ
poverty0NN
reduction0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.324519548945446
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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implementation0.0475643836183697NN
achieve0.018377882320743VB
future0NN
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development0.0177346522508396NN
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millennium0JJ
goal0NN
successful0JJ
public0.0172128079963482NN
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political0.0792212041430275JJ
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global0.0133009891881297JJ
poverty0.05809266143877NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN

With regard to water the MDGs helped to foster greater efforts towards improving access to drinking water supply and sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.942592854150214
WordScorePoS
regard0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
help0NN
foster0JJ
effort0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266398733123811
WordScorePoS
regard0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
foster0JJ
effort0NN
improve0VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN

However the experience of the MDGs shows that thematically broader more detailed and context specific framework for water beyond the issues of water supply and sanitation is called for in the post development agenda

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.89541777317855
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
context0NN
specific0JJ
framework0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
issue0NN
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sanitation0.334686906581616NN
post0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350965877855834
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
context0NN
specific0.0542519672965169JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN
issue0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
post0.0409791940864438NN
development0.022306853314744NN
agenda0NN

The outcome document of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development Rio The Future We Want recognized that water is at the core of sustainable development but at the same time development and economic growth creates pressure on the resource and challenges water security for humans and nature

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.625766715812818
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
document0NN
conference0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
future0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
time0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
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pressure0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
challenge0NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
nature0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.426036749357372
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
document0NN
conference0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
future0.0277064208763707NN
recognize0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
pressure0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
challenge0NN
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human0.0101607690729067JJ
nature0.162755901889551NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.287336960617768
WordScorePoS
outcome0.0465610847355851NN
document0.0911713013253052NN
conference0.18234260265061NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
future0NN
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
water0NN
time0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
growth0NN
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pressure0NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
challenge0NN
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human0.0170753354211044JJ
nature0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.266029218532418
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
document0NN
conference0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
future0NN
recognize0VB
water0NN
time0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
pressure0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
security0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
nature0NN

There also remain major uncertainties about the amount of water required to meet the demand for food energy and other human uses and to sustain ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.511107899946408
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
major0JJ
amount0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
meet0VB
demand0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
sustain0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.499821790141769
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
major0JJ
amount0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
meet0VB
demand0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.454854225684232
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
major0.0325677023224526JJ
amount0NN
water0NN
require0VB
meet0VB
demand0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
human0JJ
sustain0VB
ecosystem0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.360789029921312
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
major0JJ
amount0NN
water0NN
require0VB
meet0.0881366997038154VB
demand0.0297950283197006NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
human0JJ
sustain0VB
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.191148163415649
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
major0.0137637438743113JJ
amount0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
require0VB
meet0VB
demand0.0264204925485796NN
food0.016202004209163NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
human0.0193783617722719JJ
sustain0VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

These uncertainties are exacerbated by the impact of climate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.92725731355268
WordScorePoS
impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN

In UN Water recommended dedicated Sustainable Development Goal for water comprised of five target areas WASH ii water resources iii water governance iv water quality and wastewater management and water related disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.920899055154477
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
recommend0VB
dedicate0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
goal0NN
target0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
governance0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.311685366578257
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
recommend0VB
dedicate0VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN
target0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
governance0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.14527786921948
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
recommend0VB
dedicate0VB
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
goal0NN
target0NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
governance0NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Such focused water goal would create social economic financial and other benefits that greatly outweigh its costs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.618285407304817
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
goal0NN
create0VB
social0JJ
economic0JJ
financial0JJ
benefit0NN
cost0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.362905611503066
WordScorePoS
focus0.0410992516792148NN
water0NN
goal0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
financial0.0370951943725875JJ
benefit0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.331503663580687
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
goal0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
financial0JJ
benefit0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.333908276519529
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
water0NN
goal0NN
create0VB
social0.101310366625194JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
financial0.0298222075472138JJ
benefit0NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.310483052121442
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
water0NN
goal0NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
financial0.0184786920895884JJ
benefit0NN
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Benefits would extend to the development of health education agriculture and food Water management is the responsibility of many different decision makers in public and private sectors

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.483711514784327
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
extend0VB
development0NN
health0NN
education0NN
agriculture0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
responsibility0NN
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maker0NN
public0NN
private0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443595266249191
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
extend0VB
development0.022306853314744NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
food0.186896403054502NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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responsibility0NN
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maker0.0409791940864438NN
public0.028867295332595NN
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sector0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.377304472582376
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
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development0.0159922815774215NN
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agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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water0NN
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decision0NN
maker0NN
public0NN
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sector0.0182713919265625NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.216791628525885
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
extend0VB
development0.00837573444202498NN
health0.191387734041787NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
agriculture0NN
food0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
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responsibility0NN
decision0NN
maker0NN
public0.021678073222951NN
private0JJ
sector0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.205063621595691
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
extend0VB
development0.0279277626235394NN
health0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
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water0NN
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decision0NN
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public0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.394054828426374
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0393804437159645NN
extend0VB
development0.0124956749436837NN
health0.0571058915334038NN
education0.0512260062633133NN
agriculture0.0465610847355851NN
food0NN
water0NN
management0NN
responsibility0.0911713013253052NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
maker0NN
public0.0727679293221751NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
sector0.0571058915334038NN

The issue is how such shared responsibility can be turned into something constructive and elevated to rallying point around which different stakeholders can gather and participate collectively to make informed decisions

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.712191974156531
WordScorePoS
issue0.0299586785922821NN
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stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.561951972999009
WordScorePoS
issue0NN
share0.0285529457667019NN
responsibility0.0911713013253052NN
stakeholder0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN

stakeholder meeting in Punjab India Photo India Water Portal WWDR greatly improve the resilience of communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889185562112172
WordScorePoS
stakeholder0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
resilience0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346154115021968
WordScorePoS
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
improve0VB
resilience0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN

Blending structural and non structural flood management approaches is particularly cost effective

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.471867217732065
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.419829530972302
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
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approach0NN
cost0.0548954478802642NN
effective0.0482582488828229JJ

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.344465997241818
WordScorePoS
flood0.041835863322702NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.328060099557094
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
management0NN
approach0NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN
effective0.0145231653596925JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.326733008044604
WordScorePoS
flood0.0316735178673487NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
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Risks and various water related security issues can also be reduced by technical and social approaches

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771507813027074
WordScorePoS
risk0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
security0.0348974218717993NN
issue0NN
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technical0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341102267086236
WordScorePoS
risk0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
security0NN
issue0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
technical0JJ
social0.0169905820958638JJ
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There are growing number of examples of reclaimed wastewater being used in agriculture for irrigating municipal parks and fields in industrial cooling systems and in some cases safely mixed in with drinking water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852713711942356
WordScorePoS
grow0VB
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
agriculture0NN
municipal0JJ
field0NN
industrial0JJ
system0NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.330280604881142
WordScorePoS
grow0.0188543197850406VB
wastewater0NN
agriculture0NN
municipal0JJ
field0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
system0NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.265353860222815
WordScorePoS
grow0.0182713919265625VB
wastewater0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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field0.0583416713841148NN
industrial0JJ
system0.0756001353333673NN
drinking0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.219008215207782
WordScorePoS
grow0.0339811641917276VB
wastewater0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
municipal0JJ
field0NN
industrial0JJ
system0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Somali woman drawing water from one of the many man made ponds dug through UNDP supported initiative to bring water to drought affected communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.887937272502743
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
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drought0.041835863322702NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299952025900131
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
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drought0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
community0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.160136302034387
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
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initiative0NN
bring0VB
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Photo UNDP Somalia Jalam Garowe Somalia Governance Progress in water related governance calls for engaging broad range of societal actors through inclusive governance structures that recognize the dispersion of decisionmaking across various levels and entities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.650930676205959
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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level0.00647010760354177NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356026206669804
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
progress0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
engage0.0819583881728876VB
range0NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN
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level0.00513687014008325NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.513919725541317
WordScorePoS
governance0.107490825192354NN
progress0NN
water0NN
related0.016515769558553JJ
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range0NN
actor0NN
inclusive0.0857932776726581JJ
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level0.0610668815653026NN

It is for example imperative to acknowledge women contributions to local water management and role in decision making related to water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881017129459953
WordScorePoS
acknowledge0VB
woman0.0127979231406811NN
contribution0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
decision0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306123866282827
WordScorePoS
acknowledge0VB
woman0NN
contribution0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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decision0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.185831407526294
WordScorePoS
acknowledge0VB
woman0.221979360474357NN
contribution0NN
local0JJ
water0NN
management0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
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While many countries face stalled water reform others have made great strides in implementing various aspects of integrated water resources management IWRM including decentralized management and the creation of river basin organizations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.87245367622797
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
reform0NN
stride0NN
implement0.0127979231406811VB
aspect0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
include0VB
creation0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
organization0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.323767791923829
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
reform0NN
stride0NN
implement0.0203215381458133VB
aspect0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
include0VB
creation0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
organization0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.153551335716968
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0NN
reform0NN
stride0NN
implement0.030144637392549VB
aspect0NN
integrate0.0295821503613099VB
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
include0VB
creation0.160952962344818NN
river0NN
basin0NN
organization0.0347609334428716NN

As IWRM implementation has too often been geared towards economic efficiency there is need to put more emphasis on issues of equity and environmental sustainability and adopt measures to strengthen social administrative and political accountability

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.352881768694605
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN
adopt0VB
measure0.0347609334428716NN
strengthen0.00989353561471291VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.168510812416615
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0JJ
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
issue0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
adopt0VB
measure0NN
strengthen0VB
social0JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.478562133039481
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0475643836183697NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
efficiency0NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
sustainability0NN
adopt0.0202620733250388VB
measure0NN
strengthen0.00795378154685591VB
social0.101310366625194JJ
political0.0792212041430275JJ
accountability0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.445753643474669
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
efficiency0NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN
adopt0VB
measure0.103895385378356NN
strengthen0VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.315469610978409
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
efficiency0NN
issue0NN
environmental0JJ
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adopt0.0285529457667019VB
measure0NN
strengthen0.0112083245137075VB
social0.0285529457667019JJ
political0.111637082206855JJ
accountability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313641221598284
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
measure0NN
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
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accountability0NN

Minimizing risks and maximizing benefits Investing in all aspects of water resources management services provision and infrastructure development operation and maintenance can generate significant social and economic benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.52312894036118
WordScorePoS
minimize0.041835863322702VB
risk0NN
benefit0NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
social0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344924657528517
WordScorePoS
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
risk0NN
benefit0NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.307890911086211
WordScorePoS
minimize0VB
risk0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.167044690400491
WordScorePoS
minimize0VB
risk0NN
benefit0NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.33430134837812
WordScorePoS
minimize0VB
risk0.0519476926891779NN
benefit0NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
generate0VB
significant0.0376648791150643JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ

Spending on drinking water supply and sanitation is highly cost effective on health grounds alone

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.911202169892615
WordScorePoS
spending0NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0JJ
health0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.251228989699574
WordScorePoS
spending0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
highly0RB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
effective0JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.207794855501632
WordScorePoS
spending0NN
drinking0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
supply0NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0.00914534810831654JJ
health0.191387734041787NN

Investments in disaster preparedness improved water quality and wastewater management are also highly cost effective

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.863064062294197
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.287904833661767
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.246889428738248
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
disaster0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
highly0RB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
effective0JJ

Distribution of costs and benefits among stakeholders is crucial for financial feasibility

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.478539502797398
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
stakeholder0NN
crucial0.0602029956716497JJ
financial0.0185001613201543JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.43830958271464
WordScorePoS
cost0.0660824365173543NN
benefit0NN
stakeholder0NN
crucial0JJ
financial0.0298222075472138JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.406571005450581
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
crucial0JJ
financial0.0150369494376999JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.326368146423435
WordScorePoS
cost0.0548954478802642NN
benefit0NN
stakeholder0NN
crucial0JJ
financial0.016515769558553JJ

Water related disasters the most economically and socially destructive of all natural hazards are likely to increase with climate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.678944152728079
WordScorePoS
water0NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
destructive0JJ
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
hazard0.0548233071065585NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.577200824355254
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
destructive0JJ
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
hazard0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
climate0NN
change0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.244336696767927
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
destructive0JJ
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
hazard0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.21140324396461
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
destructive0JJ
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
hazard0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
climate0NN
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Planning preparedness and coordinated responses including floodplain management early warning systems and increased public awareness of risk Executive summary Existing assessments of water resources are often inadequate for addressing modern water demands

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.748151719944942
WordScorePoS
plan0NN
coordinate0NN
response0NN
include0VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
warn0VB
system0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
public0NN
awareness0NN
risk0NN
exist0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
inadequate0.0836717266454039JJ
address0NN
modern0JJ
demand0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.366997783335345
WordScorePoS
plan0.0144336476662975NN
coordinate0NN
response0NN
include0VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
warn0VB
system0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
public0.028867295332595NN
awareness0.0819583881728876NN
risk0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
inadequate0JJ
address0NN
modern0JJ
demand0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.284406763491437
WordScorePoS
plan0NN
coordinate0NN
response0NN
include0VB
management0NN
warn0VB
system0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
public0NN
awareness0NN
risk0NN
exist0VB
water0NN
resource0NN
inadequate0JJ
address0NN
modern0.462321869452858JJ
demand0NN

Assessments are necessary to make informed investment and management decisions facilitate cross sector decisionmaking and address compromises and trade offs between stakeholder groups

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.636621756855489
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
management0NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
sector0.0459744293658165NN
decisionmake0NN
trade0.0539615408530051NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.408077751276284
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
management0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
facilitate0VB
sector0.0571058915334038NN
decisionmake0.0911713013253052NN
trade0NN
stakeholder0NN

Equity Social equity is one of the dimensions of sustainable development that has been insufficiently addressed in development and water policies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.639797721204522
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
address0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
policy0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.433331346471179
WordScorePoS
social0.112994637345193JJ
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
address0NN
water0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326938995231273
WordScorePoS
social0.0169905820958638JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
address0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.385976379618321
WordScorePoS
social0.101310366625194JJ
dimension0.0488696285210061NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
address0.064698038783335NN
water0NN
policy0.0848203862485078NN

Sustainable development and human rights perspectives both call for reductions in inequities and tackling disparities in access to WASH services

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.468895115579246
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
human0JJ
rights0NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
tackle0.064698038783335VB
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
service0.00795378154685591NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.38498556344332
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN
human0.0152653111258778JJ
rights0.0352060273355634NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0NN
tackle0VB
disparity0.0615662203253227NN
access0.00697628678506322NN
service0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.352318813473729
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
rights0.078760887431929NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0NN
tackle0VB
disparity0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
service0.022416649027415NN

This calls for reorientation of investment priorities and operational procedures to provide services and allocate water more equitably in society

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.800613336737307
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
priority0NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
water0.556409482163189NN
society0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.360827897175351
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
water0.186896403054502NN
society0NN

A pro poor pricing policy keeps costs as low as possible while ensuring that water is paid for at level that supports maintenance and potential expansion of the system

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.720231122155458
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
policy0NN
cost0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
pay0.0295155485671997NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
potential0NN
expansion0NN
system0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316885877079495
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN
cost0NN
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
water0NN
pay0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
potential0NN
expansion0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303850064056786
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
pay0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
potential0NN
expansion0NN
system0NN

Water pricing also provides signals for how to allocate scarce water resources to the highest value uses in financial terms or other types of benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.87752744355987
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
financial0JJ
term0NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324563029291982
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
financial0JJ
term0NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.158131058136656
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0375923735942499NN
financial0.0150369494376999JJ
term0.149793392961411NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Equitable pricing and water permits need to adequately assure that abstraction as well as releases of used water support efficient operations and environmental sustainability in ways that are adapted to the abilities and needs of industry and larger scale irrigation as well as small scale and subsistence farming activities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.806765525448423
WordScorePoS
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
efficient0JJ
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
ability0NN
industry0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
farm0NN
activity0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.418208461035474
WordScorePoS
equitable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
industry0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
farm0NN
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.270535808144039
WordScorePoS
equitable0.0221298700466866JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
release0NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
efficient0JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
sustainability0NN
ability0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
farm0NN
activity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.237385162940488
WordScorePoS
equitable0.0214456704626236JJ
water0NN
release0NN
support0.00896409157262106NN
efficient0JJ
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
ability0NN
industry0NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
irrigation0NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
activity0NN

The principle of equity perhaps more than any technical recommendation carries with it the promise of more water secure world for all

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.85961439259859
WordScorePoS
principle0NN
technical0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
secure0JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.293601339803435
WordScorePoS
principle0NN
technical0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
secure0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN

Prologue The future of water vision for WWAP | Richard Connor Joana Talafré Karine Peloffy Erum Hasan and Marie Claire Dumont Over the past several decades ever growing demands for and misuse of water resources have increased the risks of pollution and severe water stress in many parts of the world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.866363471716891
WordScorePoS
future0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
vision0NN
decade0NN
grow0VB
demand0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
risk0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
stress0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373784528385793
WordScorePoS
future0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
vision0NN
decade0NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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pollution0.0234335422829798NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
world0.00464349782489754NN

The frequency and intensity of local water crises have been increasing with serious implications for public health environmental sustainability food and energy security and economic development

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.51523228963914
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
public0.028867295332595NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.497000188074927
WordScorePoS
intensity0.122412709674631NN
local0JJ
water0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
public0NN
health0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
economic0JJ
development0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.443635129320113
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
public0NN
health0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
economic0JJ
development0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.297361000721517
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
water0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
public0NN
health0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
economic0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.185581366884789
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
local0JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
increase0.0143984997539974NN
public0.021678073222951NN
health0.191387734041787NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
economic0JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.13004213531277
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
water0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
public0NN
health0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

The fact is there is enough water available to meet the world growing needs but not without dramatically changing the way water is used managed and shared

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.833463883226879
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
meet0VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
grow0VB
change0NN
manage0VB
share0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.315758586347732
WordScorePoS
water0NN
meet0VB
world0.00351929966767313NN
grow0.0171695137813101VB
change0.402565546215053NN
manage0VB
share0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.307673987868257
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
meet0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
change0NN
manage0VB
share0NN

The global water crisis is one of governance much more than of resource availability and this is where the bulk of the action is required in order to achieve water secure world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.847449753125236
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
availability0NN
action0NN
require0VB
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
secure0JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.378759429204924
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
availability0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
secure0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN

Although the central and irreplaceable roles that water occupies in all dimensions of sustainable development have become progressively recognized the management of water resources and the provision of water related services remains far too low on the scales of public perception and of governmental priorities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.838873888229061
WordScorePoS
central0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
occupy0VB
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
progressively0RB
recognize0VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
provision0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
remains0NNS
scale0NN
public0NN
priority0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.357077307143321
WordScorePoS
central0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
occupy0VB
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
progressively0RB
recognize0VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
provision0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
remains0NNS
scale0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.159826301671155
WordScorePoS
central0JJ
water0NN
occupy0VB
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
progressively0RB
recognize0VB
management0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
provision0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN
remains0NNS
scale0NN
public0NN
priority0NN

As result water often becomes limiting factor rather than an enabler to social welfare economic development and healthy ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.730245077134966
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
limit0NN
social0JJ
welfare0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.38750280978564
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
limit0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
welfare0.0542519672965169NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.205800966762898
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0NN
limit0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
welfare0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.179602287799534
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
limit0NN
social0JJ
welfare0NN
economic0JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Evoluzione Photo Rhae WWDR vision for By humanity has achieved water secure world where every person has access to adequate quantities of water of an acceptable quality and from sustainable sources to meet their basic needs and sustain their wellbeing and development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.808636013354034
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
humanity0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
water0.556409482163189NN
secure0JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
person0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
quality0.0255958462813622NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
source0.0613562156822703NN
meet0VB
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
sustain0VB
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353355549515466
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
humanity0.0332151194779746NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
water0.186896403054502NN
secure0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
person0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
quality0.0203215381458133NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
source0NN
meet0VB
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
development0.022306853314744NN

The human population is protected from waterborne pollution and diseases and water related disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842018057256638
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
protect0.0153390539205676VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
disease0.103230094596636NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.307076584774976
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
protect0.0328357290160445VB
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
disease0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.275706929163068
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
population0NN
protect0.00914534810831654VB
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
disease0.215415047323213NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.240399099744145
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
protect0.0121782716594324VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
disease0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN

Accessing water is no longer gendered burden and equitable access to water resources and services for both women and men has fostered greater social inclusion

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824767429707244
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
burden0NN
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
foster0JJ
social0JJ
inclusion0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.302644949359536
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
burden0NN
equitable0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
woman0NN
foster0JJ
social0.0169905820958638JJ
inclusion0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.215895583621752
WordScorePoS
access0.00780347258345989NN
water0NN
burden0NN
equitable0JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN
service0.022416649027415NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
foster0JJ
social0.0285529457667019JJ
inclusion0NN

Ecosystems are protected in climate of peace and stability

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.708209190946846
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
protect0VB
climate0.291881734282273NN
peace0NN
stability0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.516648416914519
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
protect0.046452183350325VB
climate0.032404008418326NN
peace0NN
stability0NN

Local and national economies are more robust as the risks and uncertainties related to the availability of water resources have been taken into account in the long term planning for poverty reduction and economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.518378548318554
WordScorePoS
local0.0181797964452808JJ
national0JJ
economy0NN
risk0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
term0NN
plan0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.429449883868804
WordScorePoS
local0JJ
national0.0164833460638534JJ
economy0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
availability0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
account0NN
term0NN
plan0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.33886686069964
WordScorePoS
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
economy0NN
risk0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
term0NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.268842053433566
WordScorePoS
local0.0214106369326177JJ
national0.0055149369084567JJ
economy0.0821985033584295NN
risk0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
availability0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
account0NN
term0NN
plan0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
reduction0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.263788170248912
WordScorePoS
local0.0130185595639838JJ
national0.0134132459226336JJ
economy0NN
risk0NN
related0JJ
availability0.048933054487825NN
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
account0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
reduction0NN
economic0JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN

Norms and attitudes have changed as result of educational interventions institutional changes improved scientific and technical knowledge sharing of lessons learned and best practices and proactive policy and legislative developments

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.550277884421979
WordScorePoS
change0NN
result0NN
educational0JJ
intervention0NN
institutional0JJ
improve0.0305306222517556VB
scientific0.0416255041156371JJ
technical0.124876512346911JJ
knowledge0.0416255041156371NN
share0NN
learn0.244520809605025VB
practice0NN
policy0NN
development0.0279277626235394NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.544696465429305
WordScorePoS
change0.402565546215053NN
result0NN
educational0JJ
intervention0NN
institutional0.0828215106044499JJ
improve0.0102677744436108VB
scientific0JJ
technical0JJ
knowledge0NN
share0NN
learn0VB
practice0NN
policy0.0102677744436108NN
development0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.315448453629044
WordScorePoS
change0NN
result0NN
educational0JJ
intervention0NN
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
improve0.0183291958415182VB
scientific0JJ
technical0JJ
knowledge0.0499801157438617NN
share0.0766240489430275NN
learn0VB
practice0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
development0.0469463607292177NN

Access to water sanitation and hygiene WASH has been made universal through the massive deployment of urban water infrastructure as well as through decentralized smallscale water purification technology in remote areas leading to widely improved health conditions and allowing life of human dignity for all persons

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.863613221146035
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
urban0JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
lead0NN
widely0RB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
health0NN
condition0NN
life0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
person0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.274660361346276
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
universal0JJ
urban0JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
technology0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
widely0RB
improve0VB
health0.0339811641917276NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
person0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.249170091600617
WordScorePoS
access0.00626002771693937NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
universal0.0164178645080222JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
technology0NN
lead0NN
widely0RB
improve0.0273960270556257VB
health0.0229054731708393NN
condition0NN
life0.0112376090361851NN
human0.0273960270556257JJ
person0.107539312031977NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.211770227824835
WordScorePoS
access0.0128821355880844NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
hygiene0NN
universal0.0135141354781442JJ
urban0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
lead0.0188543197850406NN
widely0RB
improve0VB
health0.0377086395700813NN
condition0NN
life0NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
person0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.155137475958716
WordScorePoS
access0.00610236075888593NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
hygiene0NN
universal0.0182906962166331JJ
urban0JJ
infrastructure0NN
technology0NN
lead0.025518364538905NN
widely0RB
improve0VB
health0.191387734041787NN
condition0NN
life0.0250390290383647NN
human0JJ
person0NN

Technological innovation allows for reduced water consumption such as through waterless sanitation infrastructure that provides energy and products from human excreta and eliminates pollution to precious freshwater resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.6166849656592
WordScorePoS
technological0JJ
innovation0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
consumption0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
product0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
eliminate0.0295155485671997VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.479817934025712
WordScorePoS
technological0.0468670845659596JJ
innovation0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
eliminate0VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.373482480644023
WordScorePoS
technological0.104016094894625JJ
innovation0.122982418460916NN
reduce0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
consumption0NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
eliminate0VB
pollution0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.322126500579274
WordScorePoS
technological0JJ
innovation0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
water0NN
consumption0NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
product0NN
human0JJ
eliminate0VB
pollution0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.202349643227364
WordScorePoS
technological0.0347609334428716JJ
innovation0.0821985033584295NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
water0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0NN
energy0NN
product0.0591643007226199NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
eliminate0VB
pollution0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN

There is balance between extracted water and water returned to aquatic ecosystems and aquifers ensuring their long term sustainability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.91356926346817
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
return0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
term0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316000481295383
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
return0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
aquifer0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
term0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.13480420394979
WordScorePoS
water0NN
return0NN
ecosystem0NN
aquifer0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
term0.149793392961411NN
sustainability0.036961556179878NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.123077128047344
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
return0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
aquifer0NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
term0NN
sustainability0NN

Wastewater from all major human uses is collected and treated to the most appropriate level for reuse or release back to the environment and maximized reuse is major contributor to the achievement of universal access to water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.86609808099995
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
major0JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
level0.00647010760354177NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
environment0NN
contributor0NN
achievement0NN
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.332291902073771
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
major0JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
contributor0NN
achievement0NN
universal0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Water demand per capita and per unit of productivity is significantly lower than it was in in the agricultural industrial and energy sectors allowing for the resource to be shared more equitably

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.532676332412718
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
capita0NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
significantly0RB
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
energy0.0540565419125769NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
share0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.47099748182975
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
capita0NN
productivity0NN
significantly0RB
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
share0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.415838500192125
WordScorePoS
water0NN
demand0NN
capita0NN
productivity0NN
significantly0RB
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
sector0NN
resource0NN
share0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.345795782498045
WordScorePoS
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
capita0NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
significantly0RB
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
industrial0JJ
energy0.0130963126055467NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
share0.0365427838531249NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322042413905713
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
productivity0NN
significantly0RB
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
share0NN

Reduced competition among the major water users has also helped increase their long term economic performance

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.721994035354195
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
major0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN
help0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
term0NN
economic0JJ
performance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.397330081826379
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
major0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
term0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
performance0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.259244600218939
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00335331148065841VB
major0JJ
water0NN
user0.048933054487825NN
help0NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
term0.149793392961411NN
economic0JJ
performance0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.204101504223658
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
major0.0214106369326177JJ
water0NN
user0NN
help0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
term0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
performance0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.303300555387564
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
major0JJ
water0NN
user0NN
help0NN
increase0.00285817158600878NN
term0.0396106020715138NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
performance0.064698038783335NN

Water productivity e

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.906919439903541
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
productivity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304631726474537
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
productivity0NN

crop Based on the definition of water security by the UN Water Task Force on Water Security Water security is defined as the capacity of population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods human well being and socio economic development for ensuring protection against water borne pollution and water related disasters and for preserving ecosystems in climate of peace and political stability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875682383917415
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
base0NN
definition0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
force0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
safeguard0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
quality0.0255958462813622NN
sustain0VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
economic0JJ
development0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
climate0NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.318176224403532
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
definition0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
force0NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
safeguard0VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
quality0.0203215381458133NN
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
livelihood0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
climate0NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.164718914146236
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
base0NN
definition0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
security0NN
force0NN
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
safeguard0.0731385760866977VB
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
quality0.0136980135278128NN
sustain0VB
livelihood0NN
human0.0273960270556257JJ
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
ensure0.00501208088147356VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
ecosystem0NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.115179123723045
WordScorePoS
crop0.0316735178673487NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
definition0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
security0.0264204925485796NN
force0NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
population0.0137637438743113NN
safeguard0VB
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
access0.00110699520004297NN
adequate0.0223459295604043JJ
quality0NN
sustain0VB
livelihood0.0670377886812128NN
human0.0193783617722719JJ
economic0JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0NN
related0JJ
disaster0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
climate0.032404008418326NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.0826648360792842
WordScorePoS
crop0.0335649154577099NN
base0NN
definition0NN
water0NN
security0NN
force0NN
capacity0.025270503924109NN
population0NN
safeguard0VB
sustainable0JJ
access0NN
adequate0JJ
quality0NN
sustain0VB
livelihood0NN
human0.0205355488872215JJ
economic0JJ
development0NN
ensure0VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
ecosystem0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0697504361288999
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
base0NN
definition0NN
water0NN
security0NN
force0.0410992516792148NN
capacity0.0123650647908625NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
safeguard0VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
access0.00344404437204141NN
adequate0JJ
quality0.030144637392549NN
sustain0.049270765107907VB
livelihood0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
ensure0VB
protection0NN
bear0NN
pollution0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
disaster0NN
ecosystem0NN
climate0NN
peace0NN
political0JJ
stability0NN

Prologue per drop in both rainfed and irrigated agriculture has increased dramatically and water use efficiency in agriculture is widespread

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.749093479859488
WordScorePoS
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.449161023652162
WordScorePoS
rainfed0.0583416713841148JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
water0NN
efficiency0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.35499473612488
WordScorePoS
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.183976403082807
WordScorePoS
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Agriculture as whole is less vulnerable to rainfall variability due to the widespread adoption of advanced agro technology highly efficient irrigation techniques reliable wastewater reuse and state of the art water and soil conservation techniques

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.778152857269564
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
due0.0590310971343993JJ
adoption0NN
advance0NN
agro0IN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
highly0RB
efficient0JJ
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
reliable0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
water0.556409482163189NN
soil0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.361877977808961
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
vulnerable0JJ
due0.0234335422829798JJ
adoption0NN
advance0.0277064208763707NN
agro0IN
technology0NN
highly0RB
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
irrigation0NN
reliable0JJ
wastewater0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
conservation0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.24783632464968
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
vulnerable0JJ
due0JJ
adoption0NN
advance0.0625160381065121NN
agro0IN
technology0.109914925284606NN
highly0RB
efficient0JJ
irrigation0NN
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
wastewater0NN
reuse0NN
water0NN
soil0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.184486365129218
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
vulnerable0.0182713919265625JJ
due0JJ
adoption0NN
advance0NN
agro0IN
technology0.0130963126055467NN
highly0RB
efficient0JJ
irrigation0NN
reliable0JJ
wastewater0NN
reuse0NN
water0NN
soil0.0595900566394012NN
conservation0NN

Water demand for everyday domestic uses is met through the use of efficient technologies and effective equitable tariffs are in place

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.766909999359205
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
domestic0JJ
meet0VB
efficient0JJ
technology0.0153390539205676NN
effective0JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.364229794014876
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
domestic0JJ
meet0VB
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
technology0NN
effective0JJ
equitable0JJ

Power generation has increasingly adopted water efficient techniques e

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780989683691575
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0NN
adopt0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficient0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.553518139295843
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ

dry cooling the proportion of less water intensive renewable energy e

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.649294345014256
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
water0NN
intensive0JJ
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.640172965263191
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
intensive0JJ
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342210509040269
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
intensive0JJ
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN

wind solar PV and geothermal has increased dramatically and the development of sustainable hydropower installations in sub Saharan Africa and South East Asia has helped provide electricity to hundreds of millions of people who were previously unserved

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Implementation and enforcement of water use regulation in combination with development and adoption of waterefficient manufacturing processes has limited the water demand for industry prompting economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.727024296785329
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
regulation0NN
development0NN
adoption0NN
manufacture0NN
process0NN
limited0JJ
demand0NN
industry0NN
economic0JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.497067605503483
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
regulation0NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
adoption0.0602029956716497NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
limited0JJ
demand0.030745604615229NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.314670328081311
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
regulation0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
adoption0NN
manufacture0NN
process0NN
limited0JJ
demand0NN
industry0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0911336965530026
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
water0NN
regulation0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
adoption0NN
manufacture0NN
process0NN
limited0JJ
demand0NN
industry0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ

Ecosystem based management and other environmental interventions that build resilience have been widely adopted these interventions also support protection of water sources catchments and riverbanks and promote conservation and efficient use of water in agriculture and other economic activities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.721291295113052
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
base0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
environmental0JJ
intervention0NN
build0VB
resilience0NN
widely0RB
adopt0VB
support0.0209983814716066NN
protection0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
promote0VB
conservation0NN
efficient0JJ
agriculture0NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.410875529188503
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
intervention0NN
build0VB
resilience0NN
widely0RB
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
support0.00833571598658786NN
protection0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
conservation0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.254531064909404
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
environmental0JJ
intervention0NN
build0VB
resilience0NN
widely0RB
adopt0VB
support0.00794883334420673NN
protection0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
source0.0232260916751625NN
promote0.0106357666046841VB
conservation0.117231723668544NN
efficient0JJ
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0190167691930804NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.131333446456706
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
intervention0NN
build0VB
resilience0NN
widely0RB
adopt0VB
support0.024730129581725NN
protection0NN
water0NN
source0NN
promote0.0275746845422835VB
conservation0NN
efficient0JJ
agriculture0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.121792791366917
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
base0NN
management0NN
environmental0JJ
intervention0NN
build0VB
resilience0NN
widely0RB
adopt0.0182713919265625VB
support0.00896409157262106NN
protection0NN
water0NN
source0.0130963126055467NN
promote0.00799614078871077VB
conservation0NN
efficient0JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
economic0JJ
activity0NN

Sustainable production and consumption patterns related to water are achieved based on consistent and transparent water accounting systems that quantify water flows in the economy and the environment providing clear and relevant information about related impacts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.733633016588548
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
base0NN
consistent0JJ
transparent0JJ
accounting0NN
system0NN
flow0NN
economy0NN
environment0NN
provide0VB
relevant0JJ
information0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.564870434318343
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
base0.0199423462679015NN
consistent0JJ
transparent0JJ
accounting0NN
system0NN
flow0NN
economy0NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
relevant0.0277064208763707JJ
information0.0365348149782971NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.154526379291601
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
pattern0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
water0NN
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
base0NN
consistent0JJ
transparent0JJ
accounting0NN
system0NN
flow0NN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
environment0.0591643007226199NN
provide0VB
relevant0JJ
information0NN
impact0NN

In this context effective decoupling of economic growth from water resource use and negative environmental impacts has been accomplished

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.57916071576762
WordScorePoS
context0NN
effective0JJ
decouple0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
environmental0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.472680249640408
WordScorePoS
context0NN
effective0.0180650490434051JJ
decouple0.0804764811724088VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
impact0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414066845417169
WordScorePoS
context0NN
effective0JJ
decouple0VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN

Water is key consideration for all sectors that use it as resource through production chains resulting in better supply and demand management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.730288714130606
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
key0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
chain0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
demand0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.515723212962892
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
key0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
production0.118934074671047NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
result0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
demand0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Efficiency measures such as rainwater harvesting and wastewater reuse are mainstreamed

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.825079763945316
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
measure0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.041835863322702NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.278239242920451
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
measure0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0NN
wastewater0NN
reuse0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303595466330212
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
measure0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
wastewater0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN

Global markets and trade flows are monitored through global water sensitivity certification scheme that ensures water intensive products are exported from areas with comparatively little or no water stress

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.863775279434686
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
market0NN
trade0NN
flow0NN
monitor0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
intensive0JJ
product0NN
export0NN
stress0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.37513269415567
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
market0.0169905820958638NN
trade0NN
flow0NN
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
water0.186896403054502NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
intensive0JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
export0NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN

The economic value of water has been recognized and all forms of economic enterprise take consideration of the water implications of their actions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780136126222452
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
recognize0VB
form0NN
enterprise0NN
action0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.331294894433445
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
recognize0VB
form0NN
enterprise0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.26420969152692
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
water0NN
recognize0VB
form0.0591643007226199NN
enterprise0.0607878664258118NN
action0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.110799556268771
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
water0NN
recognize0VB
form0.158049144643351NN
enterprise0NN
action0NN

Explicit transparent and equitable regulation mechanisms are in place to address water allocation distribution access and management without risk of corruption

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732503239243405
WordScorePoS
transparent0JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
regulation0NN
mechanism0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
risk0NN
corruption0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.457917536430466
WordScorePoS
transparent0.0811931365363091JJ
equitable0JJ
regulation0NN
mechanism0NN
water0NN
access0.00690021170452351NN
management0NN
risk0NN
corruption0.322472475577062NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.27091177700215
WordScorePoS
transparent0.036961556179878JJ
equitable0.017987180284335JJ
regulation0.036961556179878NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
water0NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
management0NN
risk0NN
corruption0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.248941521819605
WordScorePoS
transparent0JJ
equitable0JJ
regulation0NN
mechanism0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
risk0NN
corruption0NN

The world major transboundary basins and aquifers are managed in collaborative manner among the multiple states involved leading to improvements in quality and ecological conditions as well as improved relations capacity and benefit sharing among neighbouring countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.50399385030661
WordScorePoS
world0.00438651305628668NN
major0JJ
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
basin0.0683326727248364NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
manage0VB
manner0NN
multiple0JJ
involve0VB
lead0NN
improvement0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
condition0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
relation0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
benefit0NN
share0NN
country0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.383723067901745
WordScorePoS
world0.00172202218602071NN
major0.0214106369326177JJ
transboundary0JJ
basin0NN
aquifer0NN
manage0VB
manner0NN
multiple0JJ
involve0VB
lead0.0504071033101074NN
improvement0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
condition0.121575732851624NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
relation0NN
capacity0.0123650647908625NN
benefit0NN
share0.0252035516550537NN
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.31410337223146
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
major0JJ
transboundary0JJ
basin0NN
aquifer0NN
manage0VB
manner0.0542519672965169NN
multiple0JJ
involve0.0819583881728876VB
lead0.0169905820958638NN
improvement0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN
improve0VB
relation0NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
benefit0NN
share0NN
country0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.313787522535345
WordScorePoS
world0.00261936653839306NN
major0.0325677023224526JJ
transboundary0JJ
basin0NN
aquifer0NN
manage0VB
manner0NN
multiple0JJ
involve0VB
lead0.0383371018038178NN
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
quality0NN
condition0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
relation0NN
capacity0NN
benefit0NN
share0.0383371018038178NN
country0NN

Flexible multi stakeholder water governance frameworks are commonplace as are examples of cooperation knowledge and technology transfers and on going participatory dialogue at all levels local national regional and global

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.606000678755639
WordScorePoS
multus0NN
stakeholder0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
framework0NN
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
knowledge0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
transfer0NN
participatory0JJ
level0.00647010760354177NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
national0JJ
regional0JJ
global0.00936547854413134JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313268201004156
WordScorePoS
multus0NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
knowledge0NN
technology0NN
transfer0NN
participatory0JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
regional0JJ
global0.022306853314744JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.482456119702927
WordScorePoS
multus0.0978661089756501NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
water0NN
governance0NN
framework0.0130185595639838NN
cooperation0.0183291958415182NN
knowledge0.0499801157438617NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
transfer0.036961556179878NN
participatory0JJ
level0.0138997399903163NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
national0.0134132459226336JJ
regional0.0422721924574123JJ
global0.0201198688839505JJ

At the national level governments rely on an integrated water resources management IWRM approach

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.757093971989464
WordScorePoS
national0JJ
level0.00647010760354177NN
government0NN
rely0VB
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.451611231187952
WordScorePoS
national0.00743561777158133JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
government0NN
rely0.0332151194779746VB
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN

IWRM is based on sound and systematic knowledge of the resource both surface and groundwater and of its current state

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.56353840235212
WordScorePoS
base0.058665107245718NN
sound0NN
knowledge0.0271683202880942NN
resource0.0572167664438909NN
surface0.0325700316331562NN
current0.0325700316331562JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.460355108440411
WordScorePoS
base0.0442083771593746NN
sound0.0519476926891779NN
knowledge0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
surface0NN
current0JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.342945584571006
WordScorePoS
base0.017987180284335NN
sound0.0211360962287062NN
knowledge0.0499801157438617NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
surface0NN
current0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.320137241430636
WordScorePoS
base0.0199423462679015NN
sound0.0234335422829798NN
knowledge0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
surface0NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ

It supports effective and adaptive decision making across broad policy spectrum including agriculture and food security energy industry financing environmental protection public health and public security

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.483607689247584
WordScorePoS
support0.0188084899376888NN
effective0JJ
adaptive0JJ
decision0NN
policy0NN
include0VB
agriculture0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
industry0NN
financing0NN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
public0NN
health0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.458850584186114
WordScorePoS
support0.00896409157262106NN
effective0JJ
adaptive0JJ
decision0NN
policy0NN
include0VB
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
industry0NN
financing0NN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
public0NN
health0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377831296119374
WordScorePoS
support0.00833571598658786NN
effective0JJ
adaptive0JJ
decision0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
include0VB
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
industry0NN
financing0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
protection0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
health0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.275608440568909
WordScorePoS
support0.0277502419802315NN
effective0JJ
adaptive0JJ
decision0NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
include0VB
agriculture0NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
security0NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
financing0NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
protection0NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
health0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.215602122617596
WordScorePoS
support0.00625975725959118NN
effective0.00914534810831654JJ
adaptive0JJ
decision0NN
policy0NN
include0VB
agriculture0NN
food0NN
security0NN
energy0NN
industry0NN
financing0.0307735781890304NN
environmental0JJ
protection0.020806307400253NN
public0.021678073222951NN
health0.191387734041787NN

Financing for wide range of water related infrastructure and services including operation and maintenance has become central element of government expenditure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784882664505151
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
central0JJ
government0NN
expenditure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.359192222811543
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
wide0JJ
range0.0368585655748969NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
include0VB
central0JJ
government0NN
expenditure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.285020633008149
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
central0JJ
government0NN
expenditure0NN

A flexible approach has been adopted to achieve financial sustainability with on going exploration of alternative financing options

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.540952508359563
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
financial0JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
alternative0NN
financing0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.461634745994431
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
adopt0.0153248097886055VB
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
financial0.0150369494376999JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
alternative0NN
financing0.036961556179878NN

Financing from non governmental sources including self financing and equitable tariffs support the public sector in achieving complete coverage of water management costs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.779112137958565
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
include0VB
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
support0.0209983814716066NN
public0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
complete0JJ
coverage0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.320865183932736
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
source0NN
include0VB
equitable0JJ
support0.00833571598658786NN
public0.028867295332595NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
complete0JJ
coverage0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN

This in turn has created an environment that encourages private sector involvement because of the lower risks to investment

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.484882019905079
WordScorePoS
create0.0695218668857431VB
environment0.0591643007226199NN
encourage0.0695218668857431VB
private0JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
risk0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.455618212152901
WordScorePoS
create0VB
environment0NN
encourage0.0211360962287062VB
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
risk0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.45105735217313
WordScorePoS
create0.0520080474473126VB
environment0.0221298700466866NN
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
private0.0368585655748969JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
risk0NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.325823596216457
WordScorePoS
create0.0234335422829798VB
environment0.079769385071606NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
private0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
risk0NN
investment0NN

Improved guidelines legislation licensing agreements and contracts also support sustainable financing for water related infrastructure and services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.775609555653676
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
guideline0NN
legislation0NN
agreement0NN
contract0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.317983619387226
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
guideline0NN
legislation0NN
agreement0NN
contract0NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
financing0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.279292975677108
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
guideline0NN
legislation0NN
agreement0NN
contract0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Lifecycle planning approaches have improved understanding of the short term mid term and long term costs associated with development maintenance and replacement of water systems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.60571458051107
WordScorePoS
lifecycle0NN
plan0NN
approach0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
term0NN
cost0NN
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
system0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.547106341696336
WordScorePoS
lifecycle0NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
approach0NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
term0.149793392961411NN
cost0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
water0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358729938166134
WordScorePoS
lifecycle0.0542519672965169NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
improve0VB
term0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
system0NN

Mid course corrections are also possible due to flexible approach to financing for water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901592429576469
WordScorePoS
due0.0590310971343993JJ
approach0NN
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.38760045641763
WordScorePoS
due0.0234335422829798JJ
approach0.0542519672965169NN
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

In using such an approach investment plans are transparent and accessible thus promoting accountability and participation from stakeholders

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.624111508750297
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
transparent0.036961556179878JJ
accessible0JJ
promote0.0100599344419752VB
accountability0.048933054487825NN
participation0NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.406099085587425
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
investment0NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN
transparent0JJ
accessible0.110490367594664JJ
promote0VB
accountability0NN
participation0NN
stakeholder0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.380418942721258
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
investment0NN
plan0NN
transparent0.0811931365363091JJ
accessible0JJ
promote0.0220985725470694VB
accountability0NN
participation0.0548954478802642NN
stakeholder0NN

The principle that sustainable financing is necessary for ensuring universal access to water services underpins this integrated approach

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.803312439911181
WordScorePoS
principle0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
financing0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.378547937230527
WordScorePoS
principle0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
financing0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
universal0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
approach0.0542519672965169NN

Technology better management approaches and effective early warning systems enable rapid adaptive responses to variations in water availability and extreme water related events

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.796615789426872
WordScorePoS
technology0.0153390539205676NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
approach0NN
effective0JJ
warn0VB
system0NN
enable0VB
rapid0JJ
adaptive0JJ
response0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
extreme0JJ
related0.0524959536790166JJ
event0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.31435595451029
WordScorePoS
technology0.0269969049497485NN
management0NN
approach0NN
effective0JJ
warn0VB
system0.0519476926891779NN
enable0VB
rapid0JJ
adaptive0JJ
response0NN
water0NN
availability0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
related0.0184786920895884JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306261866157032
WordScorePoS
technology0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
effective0JJ
warn0VB
system0NN
enable0VB
rapid0JJ
adaptive0JJ
response0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
extreme0JJ
related0.00833571598658786JJ
event0NN

Despite massive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions GHG emissions worldwide impacts from such WWDR extreme events are still increasing as result of decades of human induced climate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.880679732456049
WordScorePoS
reduction0.0403047273067529NN
greenhouse0.0671298309154199NN
gas0.0671298309154199NN
emission0.19598742448524NN
worldwide0RB
impact0.0437569550806737NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
result0NN
decade0.124232265906675NN
human0.0205355488872215JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.242074860942542
WordScorePoS
reduction0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
emission0NN
worldwide0RB
impact0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN
increase0NN
result0NN
decade0NN
human0JJ
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN

Surface and groundwater conjunctively managed are at the centre of climate adaptation strategies and improved and expanded water storage capacities create buffers for periods of water shortages

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.817554106665478
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
manage0VB
centre0NN
climate0NN
adaptation0NN
strategy0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
expand0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
create0VB
buffer0NN
period0NN
shortage0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.306062238941691
WordScorePoS
surface0.0335649154577099NN
manage0VB
centre0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
adaptation0.0671298309154199NN
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
improve0.0102677744436108VB
expand0.0201523636533764VB
water0NN
capacity0.025270503924109NN
create0VB
buffer0NN
period0NN
shortage0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.2917671474696
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
manage0VB
centre0NN
climate0NN
adaptation0NN
strategy0NN
improve0VB
expand0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
buffer0NN
period0.0409791940864438NN
shortage0NN

The importance and value of ecosystems and the services they deliver through water are widely recognized

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.856804959956912
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
deliver0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
widely0RB
recognize0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.360719994562795
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
deliver0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
widely0RB
recognize0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.234984260078021
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
deliver0VB
water0.016202004209163NN
widely0RB
recognize0VB

Appropriate steps to protect key aquatic systems have been taken through basin wide cooperation to ensure that water abstraction remains compatible with hydrological and environmental sustainability pollution is eliminated and ecosystems are restored to provide climate resilient sources of freshwater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.670947467553607
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
key0NN
system0NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
wide0JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
remains0NNS
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
eliminate0.0295155485671997VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
restore0.041835863322702VB
provide0VB
climate0NN
resilient0JJ
source0.0613562156822703NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.323147871269954
WordScorePoS
protect0.046452183350325VB
key0.0528409850971592NN
system0NN
basin0NN
wide0JJ
cooperation0NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
water0.016202004209163NN
remains0NNS
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
pollution0NN
eliminate0VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
restore0.0633470357346975VB
provide0.0445201436316848VB
climate0.032404008418326NN
resilient0JJ
source0.0232260916751625NN
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.282154207558342
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
key0NN
system0NN
basin0NN
wide0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
remains0NNS
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
eliminate0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
restore0VB
provide0.0200087191734851VB
climate0NN
resilient0JJ
source0NN
freshwater0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.274538188458265
WordScorePoS
protect0VB
key0NN
system0NN
basin0NN
wide0.0414107553022249JJ
cooperation0.0102677744436108NN
ensure0VB
water0NN
remains0NNS
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
pollution0NN
eliminate0VB
ecosystem0NN
restore0VB
provide0VB
climate0.291881734282273NN
resilient0.0279982034978914JJ
source0.0123065238088614NN
freshwater0NN

Human and natural infrastructures are mutually reinforcing and their coordinated management increases benefits while reducing costs

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.48213579385615
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
mutually0RB
reinforce0VB
coordinate0NN
management0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
reduce0VB
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.36062193646897
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
mutually0RB
reinforce0VB
coordinate0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
benefit0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.317748800312477
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
mutually0RB
reinforce0VB
coordinate0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
benefit0NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
cost0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.310738859137967
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
natural0JJ
infrastructure0NN
mutually0RB
reinforce0.0811931365363091VB
coordinate0NN
management0NN
increase0NN
benefit0NN
reduce0.0220985725470694VB
cost0.0548954478802642NN

Cities are redesigned to give public access to natural watershed community parks that in addition to providing direct benefits in terms of overall living standards foster broad based citizen stewardship over water

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.66870383376292
WordScorePoS
city0.607697021770652NN
public0.0583751976558017NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
community0NN
addition0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
direct0.04477822029736JJ
benefit0NN
term0NN
live0.0269743071558856VB
standard0NN
foster0JJ
base0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.503033878919453
WordScorePoS
city0NN
public0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN
addition0NN
provide0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
term0NN
live0.0252018374089947VB
standard0NN
foster0JJ
base0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.292220502601702
WordScorePoS
city0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN
addition0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
term0NN
live0VB
standard0.0409791940864438NN
foster0JJ
base0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.225280736487261
WordScorePoS
city0NN
public0.0390556786919513NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
natural0JJ
community0NN
addition0NN
provide0.00601568197638796VB
direct0.0299586785922821JJ
benefit0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
live0VB
standard0NN
foster0.036961556179878JJ
base0.017987180284335NN
water0NN

Equity non discrimination participation and accountability have become key principles in water governance

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.843109019315126
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
participation0.0348974218717993NN
accountability0NN
key0NN
principle0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266484362042019
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
participation0NN
accountability0NN
key0NN
principle0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN

National laws support the mainstreaming of the human rights based approach to water which helps correct potential imbalances and avoid social exclusion

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.648273268534803
WordScorePoS
national0JJ
law0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
rights0NNS
base0NN
approach0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
help0NN
correct0JJ
potential0NN
avoid0VB
social0JJ
exclusion0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.393513359011892
WordScorePoS
national0.00743561777158133JJ
law0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
rights0NNS
base0.0199423462679015NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
correct0JJ
potential0NN
avoid0VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
exclusion0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.213252691804481
WordScorePoS
national0.0294647633960925JJ
law0.164686343640793NN
support0NN
human0JJ
rights0NNS
base0NN
approach0NN
water0NN
help0NN
correct0JJ
potential0NN
avoid0VB
social0JJ
exclusion0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.367910475743057
WordScorePoS
national0.0164833460638534JJ
law0NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
human0JJ
rights0.0519476926891779NNS
base0.0442083771593746NN
approach0NN
water0NN
help0NN
correct0JJ
potential0NN
avoid0VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
exclusion0.0908430554521382NN

Over the period the greenhouse gas emissions SDGs and targets including an SDG specifically dedicated to water helped muster political will trigger public support and mobilize investments between

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.577652097700807
WordScorePoS
period0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
emission0NN
target0NN
include0VB
dedicate0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
help0NN
political0JJ
public0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
mobilize0VB
investment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.441360265693789
WordScorePoS
period0.0409791940864438NN
greenhouse0.0332151194779746NN
gas0.0332151194779746NN
emission0.0554128417527413NN
target0NN
include0VB
dedicate0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
political0JJ
public0.028867295332595NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
mobilize0VB
investment0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.363965888289809
WordScorePoS
period0NN
greenhouse0.0671298309154199NN
gas0.0671298309154199NN
emission0.19598742448524NN
target0NN
include0VB
dedicate0VB
water0NN
help0NN
political0JJ
public0NN
support0NN
mobilize0.0335649154577099VB
investment0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.340686691462181
WordScorePoS
period0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
emission0NN
target0.0898760357768464NN
include0VB
dedicate0VB
water0NN
help0NN
political0JJ
public0.0390556786919513NN
support0.0451108483130998NN
mobilize0.0898760357768464VB
investment0.0766240489430275NN

Although these alone were not enough to secure sustainable water for all they led to new efforts and international conventions that take full account of the opportunities and limitations imposed by water on various other development goals leading to cross cutting synergies among sectors and actors

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.801263141005746
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
lead0NN
effort0NN
international0.00301873916506525JJ
convention0NN
full0JJ
account0.0181797964452808NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
development0NN
goal0NN
cut0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
actor0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.394887994754483
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
effort0NN
international0.0023966944644375JJ
convention0NN
full0JJ
account0.0577345906651901NN
opportunity0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN
cut0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN

Policymakers politicians regulators the judiciary educators allocators of resources academics and members of civil society organizations are able to work together within their own areas of expertise to advance shared norms protocols and understanding of water as resource and how best to consume and protect it

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.61644397365796
WordScorePoS
judiciary0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
organization0NN
expertise0NN
advance0NN
share0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
consume0VB
protect0.0153390539205676VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.365154553159678
WordScorePoS
judiciary0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
organization0NN
expertise0NN
advance0.0277064208763707NN
share0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
consume0.0409791940864438VB
protect0.0121782716594324VB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.391920542091014
WordScorePoS
judiciary0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
civil0.0978661089756501JJ
society0.0359743605686701NN
organization0.0422721924574123NN
expertise0.048933054487825NN
advance0NN
share0.0766240489430275NN
water0NN
consume0VB
protect0VB

Water role in underpinning all aspects of sustainable development has become widely recognized

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.873299793125877
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
aspect0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
widely0RB
recognize0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352931071690119
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
aspect0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
widely0RB
recognize0VB

It is now universally accepted that water is an essential primary natural resource upon which nearly all social and economic activities and ecosystem functions depend

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.642608094692804
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
primary0JJ
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
function0NN
depend0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.355256584109904
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
essential0JJ
primary0JJ
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
function0NN
depend0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.277793993041387
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
essential0.0190167691930804JJ
primary0JJ
natural0.016202004209163JJ
resource0.0317953333768269NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
activity0.0190167691930804NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
function0NN
depend0.0633470357346975VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.204708254107266
WordScorePoS
water0NN
essential0JJ
primary0JJ
natural0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN
ecosystem0NN
function0NN
depend0VB

Getting there was not easy

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Unsustainable growth WWAP | Richard Connor Joana Talafré Erum Hasan and Evisa Abolina Unsustainable development pathways and governance failures have generated immense pressures on water resources affecting its quality and availability and in turn compromising its ability to generate social and economic benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.499043415933619
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0NN
development0NN
governance0NN
generate0VB
immense0JJ
pressure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
quality0.0255958462813622NN
availability0NN
ability0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.404804421119315
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
growth0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
governance0NN
generate0VB
immense0JJ
pressure0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
quality0.0203215381458133NN
availability0NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.403665266066547
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
governance0NN
generate0VB
immense0JJ
pressure0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
affect0VB
quality0.030144637392549NN
availability0NN
ability0.0607878664258118NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.300814844632736
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
governance0NN
generate0VB
immense0JJ
pressure0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
affect0.0184786920895884VB
quality0NN
availability0NN
ability0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN

The planet capacity to sustain the growing demands for freshwater is being challenged and there can be no sustainable development unless the balance between demand and supply is restored

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.449473908966873
WordScorePoS
planet0NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
sustain0VB
grow0.016202004209163VB
demand0.0264204925485796NN
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
restore0.0633470357346975VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386110538608638
WordScorePoS
planet0.0234335422829798NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
challenge0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
restore0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.342180420216146
WordScorePoS
planet0.0295155485671997NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
sustain0VB
grow0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
challenge0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
restore0.041835863322702VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.314167984074648
WordScorePoS
planet0.0528748274225028NN
capacity0NN
sustain0VB
grow0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
restore0VB

Global gross domestic product GDP rose at an average of

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.658427073388255
WordScorePoS
global0.0375696197697663JJ
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
rise0.120914181920259NN
average0.1656430212089NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.373149709450849
WordScorePoS
global0.0133009891881297JJ
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
rise0.0237821918091848NN
average0.146608885563018NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.389711813018116
WordScorePoS
global0.0220597476338268JJ
gross0.0410992516792148JJ
domestic0.0695218668857431JJ
product0.0591643007226199NN
gdp0NN
rise0NN
average0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.302967711124169
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
gross0.030745604615229JJ
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
product0.0442597400933733NN
gdp0NN
rise0.0221298700466866NN
average0NN

per year from to World Economics and much of this economic growth has come at significant social and environmental cost

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.547858163577585
WordScorePoS
world0.00172202218602071NN
economics0NNS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
significant0JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
cost0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.588137616845129
WordScorePoS
world0.00276879546803864NN
economics0NNS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
significant0.0405241466500776JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
cost0.0660824365173543NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.451875540125507
WordScorePoS
world0.00257343720272548NN
economics0NNS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
significant0.0376648791150643JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
cost0NN

During this same period population growth urbanization migration and industrialization along with increases in production and consumption have generated ever increasing demands for freshwater resources

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.531763676942374
WordScorePoS
period0NN
population0NN
growth0.0260040237236563NN
urbanization0NN
migration0NN
industrialization0.481623965373197NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
consumption0NN
generate0VB
demand0.030745604615229NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.496502312877529
WordScorePoS
period0.0409791940864438NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
migration0NN
industrialization0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
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consumption0.332151194779746NN
generate0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.416727645207402
WordScorePoS
period0NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
urbanization0NN
migration0NN
industrialization0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
generate0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.291380609839514
WordScorePoS
period0NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
growth0.11178243319132NN
urbanization0NN
migration0.12939607756667NN
industrialization0NN
increase0.00285817158600878NN
production0NN
consumption0NN
generate0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.268404761361911
WordScorePoS
period0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
growth0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
migration0NN
industrialization0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
production0NN
consumption0.08955644059472NN
generate0VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN

These same processes have also contributed to the polluting of water resources further reducing their immediate accessibility and thus compromising the capacity of ecosystems and the natural water cycle to satisfy the world growing demand for water MEA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832298977581902
WordScorePoS
process0NN
contribute0VB
pollute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
cycle0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
grow0VB
demand0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.457298203513286
WordScorePoS
process0NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
pollute0.0542519672965169VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
cycle0.108503934593034NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.156069030966051
WordScorePoS
process0.0316735178673487NN
contribute0VB
pollute0VB
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
cycle0NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
grow0.016202004209163VB
demand0.0264204925485796NN

Increasing global water demand Global water demand is largely influenced by population growth urbanization food and energy security policies and macro economic processes such as trade globalization and changing consumption patterns

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.537000105462286
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.517653123636541
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.318309195731309
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
water0NN
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.105749654845006NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.28327589621778
WordScorePoS
increase0.00711043475673939NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
water0NN
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
process0NN
trade0.0591643007226199NN
change0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
pattern0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.267233102846845
WordScorePoS
increase0.0128868286091919NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
influence0NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
growth0.0252000451111224NN
urbanization0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
policy0NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0.0214456704626236NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.230601614807688
WordScorePoS
increase0.0145316075945746NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
water0NN
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0NN
growth0NN
urbanization0NN
food0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
security0NN
policy0.0102677744436108NN
economic0JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
consumption0NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.204651625500031
WordScorePoS
increase0.00323105002784081NN
global0.00501208088147356JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
demand0NN
influence0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
growth0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
food0NN
energy0.0492535935240667NN
security0NN
policy0.0136980135278128NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
process0NN
trade0NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
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pattern0NN

Over the past century the development of water resources has been largely driven by the demands of expanding populations for food fibre and energy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.535092277658512
WordScorePoS
century0NN
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
drive0NN
demand0NN
expand0.0251182378961834VB
population0.0363595928905615NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.471574732565741
WordScorePoS
century0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
drive0NN
demand0NN
expand0VB
population0.0144336476662975NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.464960775942953
WordScorePoS
century0NN
development0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
drive0NN
demand0NN
expand0.0449973847138318VB
population0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.336381144251745
WordScorePoS
century0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
drive0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
expand0VB
population0.0310434135749871NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.23584885690026
WordScorePoS
century0.219293228426234NN
development0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
drive0.0414107553022249NN
demand0NN
expand0.0201523636533764VB
population0NN
food0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN

Strong income growth and rising living standards of growing middle class have led to sharp increases in water use which can be unsustainable especially where supplies are vulnerable or scarce and where its use distribution price consumption Traffic in Beijing Photo Li Lou World Bank Chapter and management are poorly managed or regulated

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.476851695102088
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
income0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
supplies0NNS
vulnerable0JJ
scarce0JJ
price0NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
traffic0NN
beij0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
poorly0RB
manage0VB
regulate0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.457409970438066
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
income0NN
growth0NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN
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standard0NN
grow0VB
middle0JJ
class0NN
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increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
unsustainable0JJ
supplies0NNS
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
scarce0JJ
price0NN
consumption0NN
traffic0NN
beij0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN
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poorly0RB
manage0VB
regulate0VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.333722279679817
WordScorePoS
strong0.0488696285210061JJ
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middle0JJ
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increase0.00285817158600878NN
water0NN
unsustainable0JJ
supplies0NNS
vulnerable0.0202620733250388JJ
scarce0JJ
price0NN
consumption0NN
traffic0NN
beij0NN
world0.00276879546803864NN
bank0NN
management0NN
poorly0RB
manage0.0660824365173543VB
regulate0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.284395879922799
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
income0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
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live0.00989353561471291VB
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middle0JJ
class0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
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water0NN
unsustainable0JJ
supplies0NNS
vulnerable0JJ
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price0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
traffic0NN
beij0NN
world0.00172202218602071NN
bank0NN
management0NN
poorly0RB
manage0VB
regulate0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.315126741974737
WordScorePoS
strong0.0454743001434393JJ
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growth0.0260040237236563NN
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standard0.0454743001434393NN
grow0.0188543197850406VB
middle0.0602029956716497JJ
class0NN
lead0.0188543197850406NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
unsustainable0JJ
supplies0NNS
vulnerable0JJ
scarce0.0602029956716497JJ
price0NN
consumption0NN
traffic0NN
beij0NN
world0.00257642711761688NN
bank0NN
management0NN
poorly0RB
manage0VB
regulate0VB

Changing consumption patterns such as increasing meat consumption building larger homes and using more motor vehicles appliances and other energy consuming devices typically involves increased water consumption for both production and use

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.831912101407919
WordScorePoS
change0NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
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home0NN
motor0.108503934593034NN
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energy0.133960988253756NN
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typically0RB
involve0.0819583881728876VB
water0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.28116183904641
WordScorePoS
change0.105749654845006NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
building0NN
home0NN
motor0NN
vehicle0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
consume0VB
typically0RB
involve0VB
water0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.270691987609095
WordScorePoS
change0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
home0NN
motor0NN
vehicle0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
consume0VB
typically0RB
involve0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.212841015980075
WordScorePoS
change0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
pattern0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
building0NN
home0NN
motor0NN
vehicle0NN
energy0NN
consume0VB
typically0RB
involve0VB
water0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.203323537491328
WordScorePoS
change0.402565546215053NN
consumption0NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
building0NN
home0NN
motor0NN
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energy0.0123065238088614NN
consume0VB
typically0RB
involve0VB
water0NN
production0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.0710377353798917
WordScorePoS
change0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
building0.149940347231585NN
home0NN
motor0NN
vehicle0NN
energy0.0109843026967392NN
consume0VB
typically0RB
involve0VB
water0NN
production0NN

Demand for water is expected to increase in all sectors of production WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.795720197754018
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
expect0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.478299570509282
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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By the world is projected to face global water deficit under the business asusual BAU scenario WRG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.845176787096073
WordScorePoS
world0.00438651305628668NN
project0.041835863322702NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
business0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443659237891452
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Population growth is another factor but the relationship is not linear over the last decades the rate of demand for water has doubled the rate of population growth Shiklomanov USCB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.60906792754501
WordScorePoS
population0.0363595928905615NN
growth0NN
decade0NN
rate0NN
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
double0RB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.486742030617393
WordScorePoS
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
decade0NN
rate0NN
demand0NN
water0NN
double0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208883739228536
WordScorePoS
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
decade0NN
rate0NN
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
double0RB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.41640356688615
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
growth0.11178243319132NN
decade0NN
rate0.0172128079963482NN
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water0NN
double0RB

The world population is growing by about million people per year USCB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.607171100939872
WordScorePoS
world0.00276879546803864NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
grow0.0405241466500776VB
people0.00571634317201755NNS

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.393648257115277
WordScorePoS
world0.0124838525528648NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
grow0.0182713919265625VB
people0.0257736572183839NNS

It is predicted to reach

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.62948053974616
WordScorePoS
predict0VB
reach0.0658099748168827NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.524391705727454
WordScorePoS
predict0.0548233071065585VB
reach0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.47731543888792
WordScorePoS
predict0VB
reach0.0499016491051341NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317706721434042
WordScorePoS
predict0VB
reach0.0332151194779746NN

billion people living in Sub Saharan Africa the region with the most heterogeneously distributed water resources UNDESA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.712867358002021
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
live0.0252018374089947VB
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
region0NN
distribute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.478321163540598
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
live0.0739258553811849VB
saharan0.0442083771593746JJ
africa0IN
region0.184259548107002NN
distribute0VB
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278269160092936
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
live0VB
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
region0NN
distribute0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Increasing urbanization see Chapter is causing specific and often highly localized pressures on freshwater resource availability especially in drought prone areas

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.65526009980799
WordScorePoS
increase0.00323105002784081NN
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freshwater0NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
availability0NN
drought0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.444955460679328
WordScorePoS
increase0.0128868286091919NN
urbanization0NN
cause0NN
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pressure0.0440683498519077NN
freshwater0.0357189919948307NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
availability0NN
drought0.0714379839896614NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.367915441393235
WordScorePoS
increase0.0068563725919103NN
urbanization0NN
cause0.0316735178673487NN
specific0JJ
highly0RB
pressure0NN
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
availability0NN
drought0.0633470357346975NN

More than of people on the planet now live in cities with of all city dwellers residing in slums

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.988373963312316
WordScorePoS
people0.0161552501392041NNS
planet0NN
live0.0269743071558856VB
city0.607697021770652NN
slum0.146277152173395NN

Urban populations are projected to increase to total of

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.750510236244445
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
project0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
total0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.345964769455829
WordScorePoS
urban0.0488696285210061JJ
population0.0860640399817412NN
project0NN
increase0.00285817158600878NN
total0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344774431927731
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
total0.0468670845659596NN

billion by WWAP

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Developing countries account for of urbanization globally of which is the expansion of slums

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.98220377706481
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
account0.0194583992186006NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
globally0RB
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By the urban population in Africa and Asia will double UN Habitat

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.872080057951976
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
africa0IN
asia0IN
double0RB
habitat0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.397968218814572
WordScorePoS
urban0.0488696285210061JJ
population0.0860640399817412NN
africa0IN
asia0IN
double0RB
habitat0NN

Excessive water withdrawals for agriculture and energy see Chapters and can further exacerbate water scarcity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.872519394917968
WordScorePoS
excessive0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350066561167275
WordScorePoS
excessive0.0542519672965169JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.293615995644727
WordScorePoS
excessive0JJ
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
agriculture0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.0962093005992148
WordScorePoS
excessive0JJ
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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Freshwater withdrawals for energy production which currently account for of the world total WWAP are expected to increase by through IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.750035236329251
WordScorePoS
freshwater0NN
withdrawal0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
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world0.00261936653839306NN
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expect0VB
increase0.0162235147372888NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.502290302146129
WordScorePoS
freshwater0NN
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energy0.133960988253756NN
production0.118934074671047NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
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The agricultural sector is already the largest user of water resources accounting for roughly of all freshwater withdrawals globally and over in most of the world least developed countries WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.748533992368515
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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accounting0NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
globally0RB
world0.00438651305628668NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.451338826044138
WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
sector0.0182713919265625NN
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water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266466863692565
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
largest0JJS
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water0.186896403054502NN
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accounting0NN
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withdrawal0NN
globally0RB
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Practices like efficient irrigation techniques can have dramatic impact on reducing water demand especially in rural areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.736046965099282
WordScorePoS
practice0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.549640699808078
WordScorePoS
practice0.0703006268489394NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.245476093751507
WordScorePoS
practice0.0252000451111224NN
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Many of the pressures that impact water sustainability occur at local and national levels and are influenced by rules and processes established at those levels

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.661345213542167
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
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level0.00647010760354177NN
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establish0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.482436836747083
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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occur0.0409791940864438VB
local0.0144336476662975JJ
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level0.00513687014008325NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.374049629358348
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
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water0NN
sustainability0NN
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Increasingly however the rules and processes that govern global economics investment of capital trade financial markets as well as international aid and development assistance influence local and national economies which in turn dictate local WWDR water demand and the sustainability of water resources at the basin level UNDESA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.730123822114822
WordScorePoS
rule0NN
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international0.00301873916506525JJ
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influence0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
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economy0NN
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basin0.0683326727248364NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342048201192996
WordScorePoS
rule0NN
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global0.022306853314744JJ
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aid0NN
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local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
economy0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.184654940964122
WordScorePoS
rule0.162386273072618NN
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global0.00736619084902312JJ
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investment0NN
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international0.0189945307832458JJ
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Potential impacts of increasing demand Competing demands will lead to increasingly difficult allocation decisions and limit the expansion of sectors critical to sustainable development in particular food production and energy

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.535713433575418
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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development0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
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energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.51230152453189
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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development0.022306853314744NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.426376726532513
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.362410914489576
WordScorePoS
potential0.0454743001434393NN
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expansion0NN
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Inter sectoral competition and the delicate trade offs between energy and agricultural production can already be seen in the debate about biofuels

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.740191691761756
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
trade0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.47135938371775
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
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production0.0548141757796873NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351232435036794
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
trade0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
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Production of biofuel from food crops such as corn wheat and palm Population growth urbanization migration and industrialization along with increases in production and consumption have generated ever increasing demands for freshwater resources oil has induced additional competition for land and water even within the agricultural sector especially in regions already under water stress HLPE and has also been associated with increased food prices

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.529139453388997
WordScorePoS
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generate0VB
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freshwater0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.503999163401103
WordScorePoS
production0.0548141757796873NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.474926172551789
WordScorePoS
production0.0214003646985842NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.301877908730938
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.198731538057722
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.156618440572392
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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generate0VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.12164635613511
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.11940571510612
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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Growing food crops for biofuel has spurred debate over ethical considerations regarding future food security as well as existing efforts to combat malnutrition Pimentel et al

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.789776396671987
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.466452576765068
WordScorePoS
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Increasing industrial production see Chapter will also lead to increased water use with potential impacts on water quality

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79258341829452
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.42131332151565
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.362728752869741
WordScorePoS
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In certain areas where water use for industrial production is not well regulated or enforced pollution could increase dramatically closely linking increasing economic activity with the degradation of environmental services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.583798329441179
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.472724933187172
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.389229355291387
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.26287141579543
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.245080920027368
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
industrial0JJ
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Competition for water between water uses and water users increases the risk of localized conflicts and continued inequities in access to services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.905297417531197
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.320226795896126
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.132916159516625
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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In this competition the need to maintain water and ecosystem integrity in order to sustain life and economic development is often ignored see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729356754216799
WordScorePoS
maintain0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.415960825763479
WordScorePoS
maintain0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.243500130208072
WordScorePoS
maintain0VB
water0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.210198858495972
WordScorePoS
maintain0VB
water0.016202004209163NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
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Frequently the environment as well as marginalized and vulnerable people are the biggest losers in the competition for water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.835489426903113
WordScorePoS
environment0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386750953001276
WordScorePoS
environment0.079769385071606NN
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Inter state and regional conflicts may also emerge due to water scarcity and poor management structures

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.863713071803475
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
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due0.0590310971343993JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.348528716328262
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.241384986316519
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
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It is noteworthy that of the world transboundary water basins lack any type of cooperative management framework

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.888965665301892
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296906487348499
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Of the water basins with water institutions Unsustainable growth approximately two thirds include three or more riparian states adjacent to rivers and streams yet less than of the accompanying agreements are multilateral UNEP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889127546504123
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300532268160623
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.205624513579544
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.159975501366983
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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This indicates that the mechanisms political will and or resources to manage shared water resources bilaterally or multilaterally and share potential benefits efficiently and effectively are missing

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.608073769661436
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.396263104167029
WordScorePoS
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284606624050706
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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contributed to water resources management failures in many parts of the world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.796854238023314
WordScorePoS
contribute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.418623737570147
WordScorePoS
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If institutional mechanisms within governments and other governance structures continue to follow narrow objectives along sector specific mandates fundamental disconnects will continue to occur

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.648884123154392
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.370652388292272
WordScorePoS
institutional0.0828215106044499JJ
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.313580432996103
WordScorePoS
institutional0JJ
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This situation has already led to negative impacts for the most vulnerable and marginalized people accelerated ecosystem degradation depleted natural resources and slowed progress towards development goals poverty reduction and conflict mitigation Bonn Nexus Conference

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.655097380177402
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.379478631236663
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.215111525814556
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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Competition over water highlights the difficult policy choices that are posed by the water food energy nexus and the trade offs involved in managing each sector either separately or together

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.719485947045832
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.503109478271654
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.31364413836816
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.220658860834969
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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These three pillars of any functioning society are closely interlinked and choices made in one area will inevitably impact the choices and hence resources available in the others WWAP

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.565804690585748
WordScorePoS
function0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.395975602135762
WordScorePoS
function0NN
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Water resources Status and availability The distribution and availability of freshwater resources through precipitation and runoff can be erratic with different areas of the globe receiving different quantities of water over any given year

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.877637167807092
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341267134124854
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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There can be considerable variability between arid and humid climates and over wet and dry seasons

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.909342631926563
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.358311846478955
WordScorePoS
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However compounded yearly averages show significant variations in per capita water availability between countries Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.815358381395574
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322549813566906
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.293052230096062
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.274223375305753
WordScorePoS
average0.146608885563018NN
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Over abstraction is often the result of out dated models of natural resource use and governance where the use of resources for economic growth is under regulated and undertaken without appropriate controls

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.474904566165586
WordScorePoS
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Unsustainable withdrawals of surface and groundwater can severely affect water availability for ecosystems and the services they provide with significant impacts on local economies and human well being

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
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WordScorePoS
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Inadequate assessment of water resources especially groundwater Section

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.314039086235462
WordScorePoS
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and in some cases disregard of information when it is available have Average annual total renewable water resources Total renewable water resources per capita per capita per year Figure

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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.0898946656731426
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Climate change will exacerbate the risks associated with variations in the distribution and availability of water resources see Chapter

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WordScorePoS
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Increasing variability in No data available Absolute scarcity Stress Scarcity Vulnerability Note The figures indicate total renewable water resources per capita in

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WordScorePoS
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Source WWAP with data from the FAO AQUASTAT database

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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.465538551744894
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fao

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org nr water aquastat main index

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315516027958732
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stm aggregate data for all countries except Andorra and Serbia external data and using UN Water category thresholds

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.292298266800676
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.307754677535542
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Chapter precipitation patterns which many countries have already begun to experience are leading to direct and indirect effects on the whole of the hydrological cycle with changes in runoff and aquifer recharge and in water quality Alavian et al

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.445824235668096
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In addition higher water temperatures due both to warmer climates and increasing discharges of waste heat are expected to exacerbate many forms of pollution

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352727744727753
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.13430174784989
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These include sediments nutrients dissolved organic carbon pathogens pesticides and salt as well as thermal pollution with possible negative impacts on ecosystems human health and water system reliability and operating costs Bates et al

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.186582213921314
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.312931523064734
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Groundwater plays substantial role in water supply in ecosystem functioning and human well being

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.838794311909204
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.413186016677261
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.24484847888329
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Worldwide

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

billion people depend solely on groundwater resources to satisfy their basic daily water needs and hundreds of millions of farmers rely on groundwater to sustain their livelihoods and contribute to the food security of so many others UNESCO

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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.5402902341235
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.438210083049806
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Groundwater reportedly provides drinking water to at least of the global population and accounts for of all water used for irrigation Groundwater Governance n

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.302900962365723
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Groundwater also sustains the baseflows of rivers and important aquatic ecosystems

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.451068297161771
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Uncertainty over the availability of groundwater resources and their replenishment rates pose serious challenge to their management and in particular to their ability to serve as buffer to offset periods of surface water scarcity van der Gun

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to the eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems creating dead zones and erosion of natural habitats UN Water

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.282429665674472
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.238862537006033
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The human interference with phosphorus and nitrogen cycles is well beyond safe thresholds

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.559836559028779
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Eutrophication of surface water and coastal zones is expected to increase almost everywhere until UNDESA

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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.472958675989912
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322766677840744
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Thereafter it may stabilize in developed countries but is likely to continue to worsen in developing countries

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Globally the number of lakes with harmful algal blooms will increase by at least until

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Phosphorus discharges will increase more rapidly than those of nitrogen and silicon exacerbated by the rapid growth in the number of dams UNDESA

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The disruption of ecosystems through unabated urbanization inappropriate agricultural practices deforestation and pollution is undermining the environment capacity to provide basic water related services e

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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.339314138511771
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purification storage

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Degraded ecosystems can no longer regulate and restore themselves they lose their resilience further accelerating the decline in water quality and availability see Chapter

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.286931623042935
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Global environmental degradation including climate change has reached critical level with major ecosystems approaching thresholds that could trigger their massive collapse UNDESA

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This is result of past failures to design decision making mechanisms that would appropriately govern the global and national commons and the earth shared natural resources

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Despite efforts to create cooperation around environmental treaties and agreements decisions directly affecting environmental issues are often taken outside of environmental policy circles

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Any predominance of economic logic without the integration of social and environmental considerations as it currently exists in many development approaches means that long term environmental objectives may be set aside in favour of shortterm economic goals

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Groundwater supplies are diminishing with an estimated of the world aquifers being over exploited Gleeson et al

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leading to serious consequences such as land subsidence and saltwater intrusion in coastal areas USGS

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Groundwater levels are declining in several of the world intensely used agricultural areas and around numerous mega cities Groundwater Governance n

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In the Arabian Peninsula freshwater withdrawal as percentage of internal renewable water resources was estimated at in FAO AQUASTAT with significant volumes of groundwater reserves being transboundary in nature UNESCWA BGR

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Constraints on water resources management Water availability is also affected by pollution

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Most problems related to water quality are caused by intensive agriculture industrial production mining and untreated urban runoff and wastewater

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Expansion of industrial agriculture has led to increases in fertilizer applications

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These and other industrial water pollutants create environmental and health risks

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Excessive loads of nitrogen and phosphate the most common chemical contaminants in the world freshwater resources WWAP contribute The previous sections of this chapter have provided summary view of the processes that drive increasing demands for water their potential consequences and what these could mean for water resources

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However there are additional constraints that pose significant challenges to improving water resources management

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These transcend any type of pressure state response analysis yet they are tangible and merit critical level of consideration when addressing water related issues in the context of sustainable development

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WWDR Unsustainable growth

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Persistent poverty Persistent poverty is usually the result of vicious cycle in which limited income converges with limited access to resources

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Safe water and sanitation are precursors to health care education and jobs see Chapter

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For the last years eradication of extreme poverty and hunger has been the number one priority under the MDGs

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billon people still lived in extreme poverty Lockhart and Vincent the majority located in slums often lacking adequate drinking water and sanitation services UN Habitat

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The global limit of ecological sustainability of water available for abstraction is reported to have been reached Barker et al

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Regionally this limit has already been exceeded for about one third of the human population and it will rise to about half by WWAP

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Apart from access to sanitation and clean drinking water the world million rural poor also lack access to water for agricultural production which is usually their primary source of income Soussan and Arriens

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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.0934968704772705
WordScorePoS
access0.00138439773401932NN
sanitation0NN
clean0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
world0.00276879546803864NN
rural0.0330412182586772JJ
poor0JJ
lack0NN
agricultural0JJ
production0NN
primary0JJ
source0NN
income0.166475342664294NN

Without access to improved agricultural water management poverty in these regions will persist Namara et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.677211336472381
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
agricultural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
poverty0NN
region0NN
persist0VB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.47299413457158
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
improve0VB
agricultural0JJ
water0NN
management0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
region0.184259548107002NN
persist0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.345306580530816
WordScorePoS
access0.00749031153171887NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
water0NN
management0NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
persist0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242355600660291
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
agricultural0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
region0NN
persist0VB

Women and youth are disproportionately impacted both by water scarcity and the lack of safe drinking water increasing the vulnerability associated with persistent poverty

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.874779438550883
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
youth0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
vulnerability0NN
persistent0JJ
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.263238361865922
WordScorePoS
woman0.0450489732120807NN
youth0NN
impact0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
increase0NN
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
persistent0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.248569232306243
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
youth0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
lack0NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
vulnerability0NN
persistent0JJ
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.116514077317662
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
youth0NN
impact0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
lack0NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
increase0.00402768349408688NN
vulnerability0NN
persistent0JJ
poverty0NN

Water policies are often based on generalized perspectives that lack gender perspectives and local knowledge WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.735146768199532
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
policy0NN
base0NN
perspective0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
gender0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
knowledge0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.298003501613269
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
perspective0NN
lack0NN
gender0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
knowledge0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.285001235926275
WordScorePoS
water0NN
policy0.0341506708422088NN
base0NN
perspective0NN
lack0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
local0JJ
knowledge0NN

By failing to integrate gender considerations in water resources management and also in sectors such as agriculture urban water supply energy and industry gender inequities will persist preventing the adoption of innovative solutions that may be put forth by women WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.635805595285578
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
gender0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
agriculture0NN
urban0JJ
supply0.0590310971343993NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0NN
solution0NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.36562695100409
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
gender0.196902218579822NN
water0NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
management0NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
agriculture0.0465610847355851NN
urban0JJ
supply0NN
energy0NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0NN
solution0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351385774593586
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
gender0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
urban0JJ
supply0.0703006268489394NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0NN
solution0NN
woman0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.299330174520329
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
gender0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
sector0NN
agriculture0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
supply0NN
energy0.0492535935240667NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0NN
solution0NN
woman0.0273960270556257NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.267808110504126
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
gender0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
sector0NN
agriculture0NN
urban0JJ
supply0.0528748274225028NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0NN
solution0NN
woman0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.236504045510456
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
gender0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
agriculture0NN
urban0JJ
supply0NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
persist0VB
prevent0VB
adoption0.0602029956716497NN
solution0.0368585655748969NN
woman0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.164525538251851
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
gender0NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
management0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
urban0JJ
supply0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
industry0NN
persist0VB
prevent0.0297950283197006VB
adoption0NN
solution0.0357189919948307NN
woman0.0546336178945768NN

In most countries

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

funding for water infrastructure is neither adequate nor sustainable

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.836746975213058
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352969337670608
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.330142090069298
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
adequate0JJ
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ

Discrimination and inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation services Socio economic inequalities and the lack of policies to effectively address them were among the main obstacles to the achievement of MDGs in general and improved access to sanitation and safe drinking water in particular Donat Castelló et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.794703209060785
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
inequality0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
economic0JJ
lack0.0214003646985842NN
policy0NN
effectively0RB
achievement0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
safe0.0428007293971684JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.511454172881056
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
lack0NN
policy0.0848203862485078NN
effectively0RB
achievement0NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
safe0.0202620733250388JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.15281831873516
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
inequality0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
lack0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
effectively0RB
achievement0NN
improve0VB
safe0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0905325281713561
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
inequality0NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
lack0.0252035516550537NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
effectively0RB
achievement0NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
safe0.0252035516550537JJ

Many people around the globe including women children the elderly indigenous peoples and people with disabilities have lower levels of access to safe drinking water hygiene or sanitation facilities than other groups see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.856019106604442
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
include0VB
woman0.0127979231406811NN
child0.0255958462813622NN
indigenous0JJ
disability0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.161306389721438
WordScorePoS
people0NNS
include0VB
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN
indigenous0JJ
disability0NN
level0.0172651853471334NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
hygiene0NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.140652987977119
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
include0VB
woman0NN
child0NN
indigenous0JJ
disability0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
hygiene0NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN

While access to safe drinking water and sanitation is recognized as basic human right Chapter discrimination based on ethnicity religion economic class social status gender age or physical abilities often restricts people from accessing land and water resources and related services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.760349175297857
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
recognize0VB
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
discrimination0NN
base0NN
ethnicity0NN
religion0NN
economic0JJ
class0NN
social0JJ
status0NN
gender0NN
age0NN
ability0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
land0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.251260194519478
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
recognize0VB
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
discrimination0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
ethnicity0NN
religion0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
class0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
status0NN
gender0NN
age0NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
land0.0144336476662975NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.237072448208695
WordScorePoS
access0.00780347258345989NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
basic0JJ
human0.0170753354211044JJ
discrimination0.111637082206855NN
base0NN
ethnicity0NN
religion0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
class0NN
social0.0285529457667019JJ
status0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
age0NN
ability0NN
people0NNS
land0.024255976440725NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
related0JJ
service0.022416649027415NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.160773070795046
WordScorePoS
access0.00344404437204141NN
safe0.0252035516550537JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
recognize0VB
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
human0.0150723186962745JJ
discrimination0NN
base0NN
ethnicity0NN
religion0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
class0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
status0NN
gender0NN
age0.0252035516550537NN
ability0.0607878664258118NN
people0.0106656521351091NNS
land0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
service0.0197870712294258NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.319374627036872
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
recognize0VB
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
human0JJ
discrimination0.0736315832425121NN
base0.0442083771593746NN
ethnicity0NN
religion0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
class0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
status0NN
gender0.0519476926891779NN
age0.112994637345193NN
ability0NN
people0.0371911007748996NNS
land0.0319966432858631NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN

Such exclusion has long term social and economic effects as the disadvantaged are more likely to remain poor lacking opportunities for education employment and social engagement

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.562332901790508
WordScorePoS
exclusion0.0908430554521382NN
term0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
effect0NN
disadvantaged0JJ
remain0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
lack0.0753297582301286NN
opportunity0NN
education0.0225244866060403NN
employment0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.44960324928683
WordScorePoS
exclusion0NN
term0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
effect0NN
disadvantaged0JJ
remain0.049270765107907VB
poor0JJ
lack0.0252035516550537NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
education0.0150723186962745NN
employment0.173804667214358NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.301752948932077
WordScorePoS
exclusion0NN
term0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
effect0NN
disadvantaged0JJ
remain0.0499016491051341VB
poor0JJ
lack0.0255262687343935NN
opportunity0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
employment0.0352060273355634NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.140399728883384
WordScorePoS
exclusion0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ
effect0NN
disadvantaged0JJ
remain0VB
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
lack0NN
opportunity0NN
education0NN
employment0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.417479764723196
WordScorePoS
exclusion0NN
term0.0396106020715138NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
effect0NN
disadvantaged0.064698038783335JJ
remain0.0396106020715138VB
poor0JJ
lack0NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
education0.0121171980355011NN
employment0NN

Population dynamics also affect access

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.536152689036961
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
affect0VB
access0.00138439773401932NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.396489265164391
WordScorePoS
population0.0363595928905615NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
access0.00731085509381114NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.334847932891317
WordScorePoS
population0.0137637438743113NN
affect0.0397441667210336VB
access0.00110699520004297NN

High urbanization rates in many countries have not been matched by governments ability to provide adequate drinking water and sanitation infrastructure and improved service delivery UNHabitat

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.867590494847117
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
rate0NN
country0NN
match0NN
government0NN
ability0NN
provide0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.256403581430521
WordScorePoS
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
rate0NN
country0NN
match0NN
government0NN
ability0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
service0.0269743071558856NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.234626946745117
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
rate0NN
country0NN
match0NN
government0NN
ability0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
adequate0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
improve0VB
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.220961546937269
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
rate0NN
country0NN
match0NN
government0NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
improve0VB
service0.00666957305782837NN

Human migration from rural to urban areas is posing continuous challenge to the provision of basic drinking water and sanitation services especially in poor peri urban and slum areas as well as to public health in particular to prevent outbreaks of cholera and other waterrelated diseases WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.659548674296794
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
migration0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0NN
health0NN
prevent0VB
disease0.103230094596636NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.589956541360587
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
migration0NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ
pose0VB
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
provision0NN
basic0.0583751976558017JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
perus0.0731385760866977NN
slum0.146277152173395NN
public0.0583751976558017NN
health0.0229054731708393NN
prevent0VB
disease0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.2663048622431
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
migration0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0.0249430985430622NN
basic0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
poor0JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0.021678073222951NN
health0.191387734041787NN
prevent0VB
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.164773784532681
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
migration0.12939607756667NN
rural0.0330412182586772JJ
urban0.0488696285210061JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0NN
basic0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
poor0JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0.0172128079963482NN
health0.0405241466500776NN
prevent0VB
disease0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.159273725415853
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
migration0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
prevent0VB
disease0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.130966752197611
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
migration0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0NN
health0NN
prevent0VB
disease0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.125364552301341
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
migration0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
urban0JJ
pose0VB
challenge0NN
provision0NN
basic0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
perus0NN
slum0NN
public0NN
health0NN
prevent0.0297950283197006VB
disease0NN

In the rural context which require different systems to those generally found in urban settings providing adequate drinking water and sanitation is also challenging

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824572519705257
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
context0NN
require0VB
system0NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
provide0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
challenge0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.421340127349714
WordScorePoS
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
context0NN
require0VB
system0.0315914058171786NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
setting0VBG
provide0.0269743071558856VB
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.202805337491482
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
context0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
system0NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
provide0.0200087191734851VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
challenge0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.180042574632463
WordScorePoS
rural0.148975141598503JJ
context0NN
require0VB
system0.0756001353333673NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
provide0.0215170467912497VB
adequate0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
challenge0NN

The lack of infrastructure and services means that many people do not have access to adequate sanitation and must rely on unsafe water supplies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.807842879225274
WordScorePoS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
means0NNS
people0.024149913320522NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
rely0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.328365140249254
WordScorePoS
lack0.0565629593551219NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
means0NNS
people0.0186171553883251NNS
access0.0128821355880844NN
adequate0JJ
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
rely0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
supplies0NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.236998049071722
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
means0NNS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
sanitation0NN
rely0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS

The lack of access to safe drinking water coupled with other shortages of basic services scarce resources and limited income generating possibilities can further entrench vulnerability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.722961974006679
WordScorePoS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
shortage0.0516150472983178NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
limited0JJ
income0NN
generate0VB
vulnerability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.197368721972496
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
shortage0NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
limited0JJ
income0NN
generate0VB
vulnerability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.153568241761603
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
safe0.0202620733250388JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
shortage0NN
basic0JJ
service0.00795378154685591NN
scarce0JJ
resource0NN
limited0JJ
income0.166475342664294NN
generate0VB
vulnerability0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.428792323522693
WordScorePoS
lack0.0753297582301286NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
shortage0NN
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
limited0.120266261535276JJ
income0.0442083771593746NN
generate0VB
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN

Insufficient and unsustainable financing for water resources management and services Water services remain rather low on the scale of policy priorities despite well documented contributions to human and economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.730209407102611
WordScorePoS
insufficient0JJ
unsustainable0JJ
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
remain0VB
scale0NN
policy0NN
priority0NN
document0NN
contribution0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
economic0JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.399458254057456
WordScorePoS
insufficient0JJ
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
remain0VB
scale0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
document0NN
contribution0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.229590501646001
WordScorePoS
insufficient0.0804764811724088JJ
unsustainable0JJ
financing0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
remain0.049270765107907VB
scale0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
priority0NN
document0NN
contribution0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

When compared with other development sectors particularly education and health sanitation and drinking water services receive relatively low priority for both official development assistance ODA and national expenditure UNDESA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.762388534242188
WordScorePoS
compare0VB
development0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
education0NN
health0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
receive0VB
priority0NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
oda0NN
national0JJ
expenditure0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.319814786870854
WordScorePoS
compare0VB
development0.0469463607292177NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
education0NN
health0NN
sanitation0NN
drinking0NN
water0NN
service0NN
receive0VB
priority0NN
official0.0739231123597559NN
assistance0.0499801157438617NN
oda0.1957322179513NN
national0.0134132459226336JJ
expenditure0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.280294606483249
WordScorePoS
compare0.0307735781890304VB
development0.00837573444202498NN
sector0NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
health0.191387734041787NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
drinking0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
receive0.0814816979556159VB
priority0NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
oda0NN
national0.00558382296134999JJ
expenditure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.235154396437322
WordScorePoS
compare0VB
development0.022306853314744NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
sanitation0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
receive0VB
priority0.0409791940864438NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
oda0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
expenditure0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.202946422605925
WordScorePoS
compare0VB
development0.0279277626235394NN
sector0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
health0NN
sanitation0NN
drinking0NN
water0NN
service0NN
receive0VB
priority0NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
oda0NN
national0JJ
expenditure0NN

This under prioritization of water directly contravenes State obligation to expend maximum available resources to promote the progressive realization of the human right to water and sanitation for all persons without discrimination

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.906940149349355
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
obligation0NN
maximum0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
promote0VB
human0.0127979231406811JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
person0NN
discrimination0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.271627277783106
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
obligation0NN
maximum0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
human0.0101607690729067JJ
sanitation0NN
person0NN
discrimination0NN

Financing for water resources management is also usually low priority in spite of it being cornerstone of economic growth see Chapter SIWI

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.668935388511865
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
priority0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.383333988379301
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
priority0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380527286754536
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

In most countries funding for water infrastructure comes from government allocations although many developing countries still depend on external assistance to fund water resources management and utilities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842317823178999
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
government0NN
develop0VB
depend0VB
external0JJ
assistance0NN
fund0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340199087947086
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
government0NN
develop0VB
depend0VB
external0JJ
assistance0NN
fund0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.203499568012512
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
government0NN
develop0VB
depend0VB
external0JJ
assistance0NN
fund0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN

This is neither adequate nor sustainable

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.640588480875858
WordScorePoS
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.515071557823615
WordScorePoS
adequate0.0519476926891779JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358020385715734
WordScorePoS
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ

Most countries report that information required for adequate financial planning in the water BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.768278537033245
WordScorePoS
country0NN
report0NN
information0NN
require0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
financial0JJ
plan0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.45780663906113
WordScorePoS
country0NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
financial0JJ
plan0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN

The terms safe and improved in the MDG context When it was first devised the objective of the water target in the Millennium Development Goals was to ensure access to safe drinking water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.878627605744839
WordScorePoS
term0NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
improve0.0511916925627245VB
context0NN
devise0VB
objective0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
target0NN
millennium0JJ
development0NN
goal0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242130379752681
WordScorePoS
term0NN
safe0JJ
improve0VB
context0NN
devise0VB
objective0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
target0NN
millennium0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.225725749864491
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
safe0JJ
improve0.0183291958415182VB
context0.036961556179878NN
devise0VB
objective0.0299586785922821NN
water0NN
target0.0898760357768464NN
millennium0JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
goal0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
access0.00314118376811005NN
drinking0NN

The precise wording is as follows Goal Ensure environmental sustainability Target

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.573218814327588
WordScorePoS
goal0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
target0.0898760357768464NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.476579113123542
WordScorePoS
goal0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
target0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.39186125416678
WordScorePoS
goal0NN
ensure0.0390988676729552VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
target0.0499016491051341NN

C Halve by the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.932767403840671
WordScorePoS
halve0.041835863322702VB
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.193715218338628
WordScorePoS
halve0.0332151194779746VB
proportion0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
sanitation0NN

There were no practical means however to measure the safety of the water sources people use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.835066035863317
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
measure0NN
safety0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
people0.024149913320522NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258722215591762
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
measure0NN
safety0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.375113172483588
WordScorePoS
means0.120266261535276NNS
measure0.103895385378356NN
safety0NN
water0NN
source0.0269969049497485NN
people0.0371911007748996NNS

The WHO AND UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme JMP for Water Supply and Sanitation started using the proxy indicator of an improved water source for monitoring Target

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.923802036875243
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
target0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.295439335674831
WordScorePoS
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
improve0VB
source0NN
target0NN

C Indicator Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source All improved water sources are not necessarily safe

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.9393239108798
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.218845650648763
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
improve0VB
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
safe0JJ

An improved water source is one where human use is kept separate from use by animals and faecal contamination

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.893082412343823
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
animal0NN
contamination0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258139967750444
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
animal0NN
contamination0NN

In many cases the water from such sources is not of good enough quality to be safe for human consumption Bain et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.716788853905039
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
consumption0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.563546984090191
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
safe0JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
consumption0.332151194779746NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.223799354443575
WordScorePoS
water0NN
source0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
safe0.0252035516550537JJ
human0.0150723186962745JJ
consumption0.147812295323721NN

Various estimations of the number of people who use improved sources that are not safe now exist and these indicate that billions of people do not have access to water that is truly safe

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.8387520876583
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
exist0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.255093147486352
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
improve0VB
source0NN
safe0JJ
exist0.0332151194779746VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.351787539577467
WordScorePoS
people0.0161552501392041NNS
improve0.0273960270556257VB
source0NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
exist0.04477822029736VB
access0.00626002771693937NN
water0.0458109463416786NN

See for example the UN Report of the High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post Development Agenda UN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.686393637736257
WordScorePoS
report0NN
level0.0610668815653026NN
panel0NN
person0NN
post0.0811931365363091NN
development0.0368309542451156NN
agenda0.0811931365363091NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.355399070720508
WordScorePoS
report0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
panel0NN
person0NN
post0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
agenda0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.328288208671317
WordScorePoS
report0NN
level0.00692515656684925NN
panel0NN
person0.107539312031977NN
post0NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
agenda0NN

The number of people without safe water could be as large as those who do not have access to basic sanitation about

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.922851041101979
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.20233005675499
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
sanitation0NN

billion for which progress is unsatisfactory by nearly all accounts

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.485267953158867
WordScorePoS
progress0.0591643007226199NN
account0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.473541414271299
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.36849700879181
WordScorePoS
progress0.0449274832628543NN
account0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.312881403206364
WordScorePoS
progress0.0221298700466866NN
account0.0160169090870187NN

In its latest report the WHO UNICEF JMP recognizes and explains the inadequacy of the improved water proxy indicator and outlines plans for strengthening monitoring and encouraging safe management of water sources and sanitation services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.890622401363968
WordScorePoS
report0NN
recognize0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
plan0NN
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
monitor0NN
encourage0VB
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.301762951644901
WordScorePoS
report0.0409791940864438NN
recognize0VB
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
safe0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
source0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Its commissioned studies have found that at any given time

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.58355051689499
WordScorePoS
commission0.0531983120572613NN
study0NN
time0.0166605993001162NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.567487865273005
WordScorePoS
commission0NN
study0.0517339898971162NN
time0.016202004209163NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.507763854279211
WordScorePoS
commission0NN
study0NN
time0.0607862199751165NN

billion people are using source of drinking water that is faecally TBC contaminated Bain et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.959581517833762
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
source0.0613562156822703NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
contaminate0.0683326727248364VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208181181132213
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
source0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
contaminate0VB

The unintended consequence of using the proxy indicator improved water source for the safe drinking water target is that the indicator has redefined the target by default therefore the original ambition of MDG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.93499998382261
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
target0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.237006429527257
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
target0NN

C has been downgraded

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The claim that the original target has been reached is misleading because what has really been met is new and unintended MDG target for improved water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.825857049981366
WordScorePoS
target0NN
reach0NN
meet0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299177585934686
WordScorePoS
target0NN
reach0.0332151194779746NN
meet0VB
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN

This redefinition of the original target can send decision makers in the wrong direction leading them to believe that target

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.774039761027121
WordScorePoS
target0.0898760357768464NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN
maker0NN
direction0.048933054487825NN
lead0NN

C has been met and problem solved when in reality much still remains to be done

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.799620033568999
WordScorePoS
meet0.0881366997038154VB
remains0NNS

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.412565498020907
WordScorePoS
meet0VB
remains0.0454743001434393NNS

Contributed by AquaFed www

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.769260943713818
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0815049608642826VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.522998041941988
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0554128417527413VB

aquafed

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

services sector such as information on users and their potential contributions is insufficient

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.585050483035107
WordScorePoS
service0.0148023490369527NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
information0.0675706773907211NN
user0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
contribution0NN
insufficient0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.398050409524666
WordScorePoS
service0.0197870712294258NN
sector0.0252035516550537NN
information0NN
user0NN
potential0NN
contribution0NN
insufficient0.0804764811724088JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.370795002707352
WordScorePoS
service0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
user0.048933054487825NN
potential0NN
contribution0NN
insufficient0JJ

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.317217748803486
WordScorePoS
service0.022416649027415NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
information0.02046578088155NN
user0NN
potential0NN
contribution0NN
insufficient0JJ

Costs of infrastructure operation and maintenance are often neglected or not well factored into water mobilization projects

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.818093389591741
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
neglect0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
mobilization0NN
project0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.411286654689574
WordScorePoS
cost0.0277064208763707NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
neglect0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
mobilization0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.305128888031575
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
neglect0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
mobilization0NN
project0NN

As result many water systems are inadequately maintained leading to damages losses unreliability and decreasing quality and quantity of service to users

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.785011692451677
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
system0NN
maintain0VB
lead0NN
loss0NN
decrease0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
user0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.330985932857048
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
system0NN
maintain0VB
lead0.0169905820958638NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
decrease0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
user0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.331348990057466
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB
lead0NN
loss0.0315914058171786NN
decrease0.0731385760866977NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
user0NN

Financing is reported to be particularly inadequate for sanitation with drinking water absorbing the majority of funding available particularly in developing countries WHO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.953782147814512
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
report0NN
inadequate0.0836717266454039JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
absorb0VB
majority0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.183998026149775
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
inadequate0JJ
sanitation0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
absorb0VB
majority0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Financing for wastewater treatment is chronically neglected

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.855222044422152
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
neglect0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.477469487708278
WordScorePoS
financing0.0307735781890304NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0.0624189222007589NN
neglect0.0407408489778079NN

Despite persistent management obstacles relating to financing in the water sector over of countries low in the Human Development Index HDI have reported that financing for water resources development and WWDR management from government budgets and official development assistance have been increasing over the last years UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.825519158586361
WordScorePoS
persistent0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
country0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
development0NN
report0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
government0NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.371988166637394
WordScorePoS
persistent0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
country0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
government0NN
official0NN
assistance0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

Data and information Monitoring water availability use and the related impacts represents massive and persistent challenge

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.78809491963269
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
information0NN
monitor0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB
persistent0JJ
challenge0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.408253134520099
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
represent0VB
persistent0JJ
challenge0NN

Reliable and objective information about the state of water resources their use and management is often poor lacking or otherwise unavailable

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.711331014938467
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
objective0NN
information0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
lack0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340746199925746
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
objective0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
lack0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.306813914845843
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
objective0NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
lack0.0753297582301286NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.269237870847415
WordScorePoS
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
objective0.0749457204978913NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
poor0JJ
lack0.0383371018038178NN

Worldwide water observation networks provide incomplete and incompatible data on surface and groundwater quality and quantity and no comprehensive information exists on wastewater generation and treatment WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.822319417146852
WordScorePoS
worldwide0RB
water0.556409482163189NN
provide0VB
datum0NN
surface0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
information0NN
exist0VB
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
generation0NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.379127999760486
WordScorePoS
worldwide0RB
water0.186896403054502NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
datum0NN
surface0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
wastewater0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
treatment0NN

Various studies and assessments provide snapshot of the state and use of water resources at given time and place but generally Unsustainable growth do not provide broader more complete picture of how different dimensions of water are changing over time in different parts of the world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.744457739769791
WordScorePoS
study0NN
provide0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
time0NN
unsustainable0JJ
growth0NN
complete0JJ
dimension0NN
change0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362005157708527
WordScorePoS
study0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
growth0NN
complete0JJ
dimension0NN
change0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.268078172474905
WordScorePoS
study0NN
provide0VB
water0NN
resource0NN
time0NN
unsustainable0JJ
growth0NN
complete0JJ
dimension0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
world0.00351929966767313NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.243769914168052
WordScorePoS
study0NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
time0NN
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
complete0JJ
dimension0.181686110904276NN
change0NN
world0.00257343720272548NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.146984863391864
WordScorePoS
study0NN
provide0VB
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
time0NN
unsustainable0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
complete0JJ
dimension0NN
change0NN
world0.00172202218602071NN

In the context of sustainable development where water is often key driver and potential limiting factor for economic growth human well being and environmental health this lack of information and knowledge creates barriers to cohesive policy formulation and sound decisionmaking on developmental objectives

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.407129361286053
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
key0NN
potential0NN
limit0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
environmental0JJ
health0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
information0NN
knowledge0NN
create0VB
barrier0NN
policy0NN
sound0NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.367218447231356
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
water0NN
key0NN
potential0NN
limit0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
health0NN
lack0.0252035516550537NN
information0NN
knowledge0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
barrier0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
sound0NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327623990280045
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
key0NN
potential0NN
limit0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
lack0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
knowledge0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
barrier0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
sound0.0234335422829798NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.170574016201963
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
key0NN
potential0NN
limit0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
human0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
lack0NN
information0.00914534810831654NN
knowledge0NN
create0VB
barrier0NN
policy0NN
sound0NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.415578995821062
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
key0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
limit0.0368585655748969NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
health0.0377086395700813NN
lack0.0565629593551219NN
information0.0675706773907211NN
knowledge0NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
barrier0.0368585655748969NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
sound0.0520080474473126NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.301219740364991
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
water0NN
key0NN
potential0NN
limit0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
human0JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
health0NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
information0NN
knowledge0NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
barrier0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
sound0.0519476926891779NN
decisionmake0NN
objective0NN

For example there are often too few reliable metrics on which to track the outcomes of water productivity improvement measures WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.762739320936935
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
outcome0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
productivity0NN
improvement0NN
measure0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.332227101797161
WordScorePoS
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
outcome0NN
water0NN
productivity0NN
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
measure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.256202024086888
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
outcome0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
productivity0NN
improvement0NN
measure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.383669557569998
WordScorePoS
reliable0.0737171311497939JJ
outcome0.030745604615229NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
improvement0.0454743001434393NN
measure0NN

From an economic perspective there is need to couple data and information on water resources and their use with indicators of growth in various economic sectors in order to assess its role and contribution in terms of economic development and to garner better understanding of its consequences on the resource and different users

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.439521082624638
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
perspective0NN
datum0NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
sector0.0252035516550537NN
contribution0NN
term0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
user0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.405276466548391
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
perspective0NN
datum0NN
information0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
growth0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
contribution0NN
term0NN
development0NN
user0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322151543588221
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
perspective0NN
datum0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
growth0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
contribution0NN
term0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
user0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.31317376458513
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
perspective0NN
datum0.0739231123597559NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
growth0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
contribution0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
user0.048933054487825NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.341265685743151
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
perspective0NN
datum0NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
growth0.0519476926891779NN
sector0NN
contribution0NN
term0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
user0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.324161376682719
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
perspective0NN
datum0NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
growth0.11178243319132NN
sector0NN
contribution0NN
term0.0396106020715138NN
development0.0177346522508396NN
user0NN

Similarly quantifying water role in maintaining healthy ecosystems is often limited to the determination of environmental flows i

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.798567843653575
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
maintain0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
limited0JJ
environmental0JJ
flow0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368201849995467
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
maintain0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
limited0JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
flow0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.204816039546053
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
maintain0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
limited0JJ
environmental0JJ
flow0NN

the quantity and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.833890439657102
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
flow0NN
require0VB
sustain0VB
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385770947543209
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
flow0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.241695976516812
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
flow0NN
require0VB
sustain0VB
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Although an important and useful tool for managing freshwater ecosystems environmental flows are often based on the requirements of certain indicator species and may not take full account of the interconnections between ecological systems and their impacts on economic and social development

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.539167842762489
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
manage0.0528409850971592VB
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
environmental0JJ
flow0NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
species0.285061660806139NNS
full0JJ
account0.0137637438743113NN
system0NN
impact0.0137637438743113NN
economic0JJ
social0JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.245214474416444
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
manage0VB
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
flow0NN
base0NN
species0NNS
full0.0410992516792148JJ
account0NN
system0NN
impact0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369541465357134
WordScorePoS
tool0.0542519672965169NN
manage0VB
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
flow0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
species0NNS
full0JJ
account0.0577345906651901NN
system0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
social0.0169905820958638JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.363657083518188
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
manage0.0660824365173543VB
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0NN
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
flow0.0488696285210061NN
base0NN
species0NNS
full0JJ
account0.0172128079963482NN
system0NN
impact0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.351700914470634
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
manage0VB
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
flow0NN
base0.0442083771593746NN
species0NNS
full0JJ
account0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
impact0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN

In terms of human well being much of the focus has been on monitoring access to safe water supply and sanitation services which has in large part been driven by MDG target

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852314865712979
WordScorePoS
term0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
focus0NN
monitor0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
drive0NN
target0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258308684213514
WordScorePoS
term0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
focus0NN
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
drive0NN
target0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.252604317017487
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
human0JJ
focus0NN
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
service0NN
drive0NN
target0.0898760357768464NN

Here too data and information challenges persist including the difficulty in translating the term safe into Chapter measurable metric see Box

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.597088682089688
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Water quality testing is still not available in most countries making it difficult to determine if improved sources actually deliver safe water to the user or whether the risks of contracting water related diseases remain

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Furthermore most countries do not report on other aspects of access to safe water such as the quantity available possible security threats including as risks on the journey to fetch water frequency and duration of access or supply and water potentially prohibitive cost Dar and Khan

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Although real progress has been made full compliance with the human right to access safe drinking water clearly requires something that is significantly better than many of the improved sources that people have to use

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This situation also highlights the need to select target indicators based on good and readily available data and to craft and implement good monitoring mechanisms

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Indicators that disaggregate data by gender age and social group pose both challenge and an opportunity for the SDGs in the post development agenda UN Water

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While data availability and quality remain concern limited number of core indicators pertaining to various aspects of water resources services uses and management in the context of sustainable development are available

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Several of these indicators are used in this Report

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They are compiled and presented in Case studies and Indicators report WWAP

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PART WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Chapters

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Poverty and social equity

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Economic development

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Ecosystems Water consumption of ricefields Viet Nam Global Water Consumption Photo UN Photo Kibae Park The Prologue presents an ideal future where water resources are developed and used sustainably for the benefit of all

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Although this vision for water is fully attainable by number of obstacles related to unsustainable growth as well as other challenges described in Chapter will first need to be overcome

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water secure world is more than goal unto itself

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It is critical and necessary step towards sustainable future

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Progress in each of the three dimensions of sustainable development − social economic and environmental − is bound by the limits imposed by finite and often vulnerable water resources and the way these resources are managed to provide services and benefits

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It is therefore imperative that the role of water is taken into account when seeking to address all major sustainable development objectives

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Part of this Report presented in three chapters explores the complex linkages between water and the three dimensions of sustainable development

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Chapter examines water and the social dimension of sustainable development with focus on poverty

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Chapter presents series of sound arguments that show how water is central pillar of sustainable economic growth

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Chapter describes the fundamental and irreplaceable role of ecosystems and the services they provide in the context of water and sustainable development

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WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Poverty and social equity UNDP | Joakim Harlin Marianne Kjellén and Håkan Tropp WWAP | Richard Connor Joana Talafré Karine Peloffy Erum Hasan and Marie Claire Dumont

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The water and poverty relationship daily struggle for water is one of the terrible burdens of poverty especially for women and girls who spend endless hours fetching water over long distances

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Sources of water are often unclean or unaffordable or groups are simply cut off from using particular water source

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Many poor urban dwellers have to pay very high water prices to informal water vendors or do without water

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poor0.150659516460257JJ
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pay0NN
water0NN
price0NN

Not having sufficient and safe water means constant weakness and pain through recurrent diarrhoea and other debilitating or fatal waterrelated diseases

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.890982079298235
WordScorePoS
sufficient0.0516150472983178JJ
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
means0NNS
disease0.103230094596636NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.314835982110114
WordScorePoS
sufficient0JJ
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
means0NNS
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.220834379125895
WordScorePoS
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
means0NNS
disease0NN

It leads to loss of time educational and employment opportunities

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.6665656643225
WordScorePoS
lead0.0504071033101074NN
loss0NN
time0NN
educational0JJ
employment0.173804667214358NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.397465459643892
WordScorePoS
lead0.0188543197850406NN
loss0NN
time0.0188543197850406NN
educational0JJ
employment0.104016094894625NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN

Low incomes and limited access to water also means choosing between paying for water food school fees or medicines

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.792148369253616
WordScorePoS
income0NN
limited0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
means0NNS
pay0.0295155485671997NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
school0NN
medicine0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380846110329817
WordScorePoS
income0NN
limited0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
means0NNS
pay0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
school0NN
medicine0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.266495512686805
WordScorePoS
income0.0643370113878709NN
limited0JJ
access0.00749031153171887NN
water0NN
means0NNS
pay0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
school0.0297950283197006NN
medicine0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.145505957168911
WordScorePoS
income0NN
limited0JJ
access0.00697628678506322NN
water0NN
means0NNS
pay0NN
food0NN
school0.208127520578185NN
medicine0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.132451605715708
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
limited0JJ
access0.00138439773401932NN
water0NN
means0NNS
pay0.02794560829783NN
food0NN
school0NN
medicine0NN

Around the world million people lack access to an improved drinking water source while billions more lack drinking water that is really safe

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.933100771368578
WordScorePoS
world0.00438651305628668NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208251363790411
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
safe0JJ

billion people did not have access to an improved sanitation facility WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898843272821586
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

Access to water for household uses is critical for family health and social dignity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.734278010126344
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
household0NN
critical0JJ
family0.0348974218717993NN
health0NN
social0JJ

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.365762347310438
WordScorePoS
access0.00610236075888593NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
household0NN
critical0JJ
family0.0624189222007589NN
health0.191387734041787NN
social0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362592970907402
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
critical0JJ
family0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ

Access to water for productive uses such as agriculture and family run businesses is vital to realize livelihood opportunities generate income and contribute BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.637184191070362
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
family0.0348974218717993NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
generate0VB
income0NN
contribute0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.467874266327748
WordScorePoS
access0.00749031153171887NN
water0NN
productive0.0714379839896614JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
family0.0297950283197006NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
income0.0643370113878709NN
contribute0.0297950283197006VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310254801543806
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
family0NN
business0.0409791940864438NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
generate0VB
income0NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.194981856449549
WordScorePoS
access0.00138439773401932NN
water0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
family0NN
business0NN
vital0JJ
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
generate0VB
income0.166475342664294NN
contribute0VB

to economic productivity

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.596471602476376
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
productivity0.0410992516792148NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.437146494162537
WordScorePoS
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
productivity0.0922368138456871NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.363296712087319
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
productivity0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.337663538280651
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
productivity0NN

Almost one fifth of the world's population about

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.758011782639692
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.377149738083129
WordScorePoS
population0.0428212738652355NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.320238276391338
WordScorePoS
population0.0363595928905615NN

billion people live in areas where water is physically scarce UN Water FAO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.92405405666568
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
live0.0252018374089947VB
water0.556409482163189NN
scarce0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306734742522389
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
live0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
scarce0JJ

One quarter of the global population also live in developing countries that face water shortages due to weak governance and human capacities and lack of infrastructure to transport water from rivers and aquifers Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889754450751667
WordScorePoS
quarter0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
live0.0252018374089947VB
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
shortage0.0516150472983178NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
governance0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
transport0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308991370062703
WordScorePoS
quarter0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
live0VB
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
shortage0NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
governance0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
lack0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
transport0.0277064208763707NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
aquifer0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.159144010407821
WordScorePoS
quarter0NN
global0JJ
population0NN
live0.00740117451847634VB
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
shortage0NN
due0JJ
governance0NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
capacity0NN
lack0.0565629593551219NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
transport0.030745604615229NN
river0NN
aquifer0NN
management0NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.092785350995293
WordScorePoS
quarter0NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
population0.0310434135749871NN
live0.0143446978608332VB
develop0VB
country0NN
water0NN
shortage0NN
due0JJ
governance0NN
human0JJ
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
lack0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
transport0NN
river0NN
aquifer0NN
management0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

In practice this means fewer opportunities to make use of water resources to grow food and for other productive purposes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.601657884312681
WordScorePoS
practice0NN
means0NNS
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
grow0VB
food0.0214003646985842NN
productive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.518039568553689
WordScorePoS
practice0.0703006268489394NN
means0NNS
opportunity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
food0.186896403054502NN
productive0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.467753414979081
WordScorePoS
practice0.0252000451111224NN
means0NNS
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
grow0.0182713919265625VB
food0.292342270824999NN
productive0.0714379839896614JJ

Access to water is linked to poverty

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832989027052677
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.406528788536729
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
water0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297596165830624
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

Reducing poverty through water management is useful pro poor framework for action allowing for the introduction of inter related issues of governance water quality access livelihood opportunities capacity building and empowerment water related disaster prevention and management and ecosystem management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.791463031336087
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
framework0NN
action0NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.319859112512799
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
building0NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0NN
prevention0.0409791940864438NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.262324685794766
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
poverty0.0164178645080222NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
framework0.0194583992186006NN
action0NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.0164178645080222NN
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
building0.0747035830159326NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.232279318505963
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
water0NN
management0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
framework0.0319966432858631NN
action0.0269969049497485NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
opportunity0NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.197381159812323
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
poverty0.0232260916751625NN
water0.016202004209163NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
poor0.016202004209163JJ
framework0NN
action0.0232260916751625NN
introduction0.0517339898971162NN
inter0NN
related0JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0NN
access0.00110699520004297NN
livelihood0.0670377886812128NN
opportunity0.0116130458375813NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
building0NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.12397587388026
WordScorePoS
reduce0VB
poverty0NN
water0NN
management0NN
poor0JJ
framework0NN
action0.0409315617631NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0JJ
issue0NN
governance0NN
quality0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
empowerment0.273513903975916NN
disaster0NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.105261357484887
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00335331148065841VB
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
water0NN
management0NN
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
framework0.0130185595639838NN
action0.0109843026967392NN
introduction0NN
inter0NN
related0JJ
issue0.0299586785922821NN
governance0NN
quality0.00916459792075908NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
building0.149940347231585NN
empowerment0NN
disaster0NN
prevention0NN
ecosystem0NN

Access to water is also about access to land

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882172359509287
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
land0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.318203582835854
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
land0.0144336476662975NN

In most cases access to and ownership of land implies access to the water that passes through lies beneath the surface or comes from the sky

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824183314235398
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
ownership0NN
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
lie0NN
surface0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.345226866377889
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
ownership0.0332151194779746NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
lie0NN
surface0NN

The land water interdependency is often overlooked and handled under separate governance structures

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.878820735795336
WordScorePoS
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
structure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317990668714507
WordScorePoS
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
structure0NN

Water supply investments The importance of governance and financing for reducing poverty Weak governance in combination with low incomes and costs of services make it much harder for poor people to acquire sustainable access to water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.750495801073262
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
investment0NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN
income0NN
cost0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
acquire0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.356266168783191
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0NN
investment0.0376648791150643NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
income0.0442083771593746NN
cost0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
acquire0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.336824955972116
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
investment0NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
income0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
acquire0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.20903053957662
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0NN
investment0.0202620733250388NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
poverty0.05809266143877NN
income0.166475342664294NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
poor0JJ
people0.00571634317201755NNS
acquire0NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
access0.00138439773401932NN

Even in situations where investments are made sustainability remains serious challenge

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.552857288872604
WordScorePoS
situation0.0631828116343571NN
investment0NN
sustainability0NN
remains0NNS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.526922391026135
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
remains0.036961556179878NNS
challenge0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.319246191174452
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN
sustainability0NN
remains0NNS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.313648362363505
WordScorePoS
situation0.0519476926891779NN
investment0.0376648791150643NN
sustainability0NN
remains0NNS
challenge0NN

As much as to of water supply projects fail after two to five years

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.886681965500519
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
project0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.436581085574648
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
project0.0664302389559493NN

Though figures differ between countries about or more of water supply points are non functioning with another to being only partially functional

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.899621232234264
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
function0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375958161928165
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
function0NN

Figures collated by the Rural Water Supply Network indicate an average rate of non functionality for hand pumps across countries in sub Saharan Africa

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.783053516418663
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
rural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
average0NN
rate0NN
country0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327243677867627
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
rural0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
average0NN
rate0NN
country0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.250477788655852
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
rural0.0330412182586772JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
average0.146608885563018NN
rate0.0172128079963482NN
country0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.236583267554984
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
average0NN
rate0.0155217067874935NN
country0NN
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
africa0IN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.210755277748954
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
rural0JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
average0.1656430212089NN
rate0NN
country0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN

This level of failure represents total investment of between US

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.424668869397309
WordScorePoS
level0NN
represent0VB
total0.0528748274225028NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.421464992857431
WordScorePoS
level0.0138997399903163NN
represent0VB
total0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.407855551528881
WordScorePoS
level0.00647010760354177NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB
total0.0295155485671997NN
investment0NN

A European Union evaluation report of water supply and sanitation projects in sub Saharan Africa found that equipment was generally installed as planned but fewer than half of the projects results meet the needs of beneficiaries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.896696277270062
WordScorePoS
report0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
project0.041835863322702NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
plan0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
meet0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.36243539401955
WordScorePoS
report0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
result0NN
meet0VB

A majority of the projects were potentially sustainable in the sense of using standard technologies and local materials

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.390717758259947
WordScorePoS
majority0.0792212041430275NN
project0NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
sense0.064698038783335NN
standard0NN
technology0NN
local0JJ
material0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.371334777442353
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
sense0NN
standard0.0409791940864438NN
technology0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
material0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.364562017027163
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
sense0NN
standard0.0454743001434393NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
local0JJ
material0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.361342380143335
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
sense0NN
standard0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
material0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.345350166961894
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0.041835863322702NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
sense0NN
standard0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
material0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32373204883575
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0NN
potentially0RB
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
sense0NN
standard0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
local0JJ
material0NN

However their results and benefits will not continue to flow in the medium and long term unless non tariff revenue is ensured or because of institutional ineffectiveness to regulate monitor collect service fees manage procurement processes and collect and disseminate information or deficiencies in the capacities of operators to run the equipment installed

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.563497053464177
WordScorePoS
result0NN
benefit0NN
continue0VB
flow0NN
medium0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
revenue0.0978661089756501NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
regulate0VB
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
service0NN
manage0VB
procurement0NN
process0NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN

Sources ECA IRC and RWSN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Note The evidence on unsustainable water sanitation and hygiene WASH investments is mounting see for example Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.938085417878435
WordScorePoS
evidence0NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
investment0NN
foreign0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.220107211861454
WordScorePoS
evidence0NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
investment0NN
foreign0JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.181205437714432
WordScorePoS
evidence0.12939607756667NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
investment0.0202620733250388NN
foreign0.0488696285210061JJ

WWDR Poverty and social equity The relation between water and poverty is two way street

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.67466822254326
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
relation0NN
water0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.574931804524631
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
social0JJ
relation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.235841530204902
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
relation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Poverty itself can have negative effects on the management of water resources and services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.715663241303004
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
effect0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.449513211965257
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
effect0NN
management0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
service0.0443555132287109NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.325816583043879
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
effect0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

The desperation and limitations arising from poverty can be driver of pollution and unsustainable use of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.747797231149501
WordScorePoS
arise0VB
poverty0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.41083084849521
WordScorePoS
arise0VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
pollution0NN
unsustainable0JJ
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380432171878845
WordScorePoS
arise0VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Poverty can also render existing investments in water less efficient since households and communities often find it difficult to finance operate and maintain infrastructure such as rural water pumps

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.758713729471508
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
exist0VB
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficient0JJ
household0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
rural0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.449811991306946
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
household0.0554128417527413NN
community0.0169905820958638NN
finance0NN
operate0.0542519672965169VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
rural0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.227248224083094
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
exist0VB
investment0.0182713919265625NN
water0NN
efficient0JJ
household0.0297950283197006NN
community0.0182713919265625NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.213434911104386
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
exist0VB
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficient0JJ
household0NN
community0.0188543197850406NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
rural0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.202539276654133
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
exist0VB
investment0.0376648791150643NN
water0NN
efficient0JJ
household0NN
community0NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0NN
rural0JJ

This poses serious threat to long term development and poverty reduction Box

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.620202990798245
WordScorePoS
pose0VB
threat0NN
term0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.449746914420907
WordScorePoS
pose0VB
threat0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
reduction0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.492997904442793
WordScorePoS
pose0VB
threat0.064698038783335NN
term0.0396106020715138NN
development0.0177346522508396NN
poverty0.05809266143877NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN

The equity challenge Great strides have been made in many countries − such as Brazil China and India − to reduce poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.754804528441853
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
stride0NN
country0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.345819598334455
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
stride0NN
country0NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
poverty0.0164178645080222NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.339228122885549
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
stride0.0396106020715138NN
country0NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
poverty0.05809266143877NN

The Human Development Report HDR suggests that by the combined economic output of these countries alone BOX

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.453124576370058
WordScorePoS
human0.0150723186962745JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
report0NN
suggest0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
country0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.415020613218824
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
report0NN
suggest0.0602029956716497VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
country0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.367882512538981
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
report0NN
suggest0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354920474557934
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
suggest0VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
country0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.341925777807842
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
report0NN
suggest0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
country0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.311116763211691
WordScorePoS
human0.0170753354211044JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
report0NN
suggest0VB
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
country0NN

will surpass the aggregate production of Canada France Germany Italy the United Kingdom and the United States UNDP

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.798107641088027
WordScorePoS
surpass0.0548233071065585VBP
production0NN
unite0.0828215106044499VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.43055188747406
WordScorePoS
surpass0VBP
production0.118934074671047NN
unite0VB

Much of this expansion is being driven by new trade and technology partnerships within the South

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.934384626727469
WordScorePoS
expansion0NN
drive0NN
trade0.0539615408530051NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
partnership0.3914644359026NN
south0RB

However economic growth itself is not guarantee for wider social progress

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.753844681242768
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
guarantee0.0804764811724088NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
progress0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.45248310432257
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
guarantee0NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
progress0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.373194583604526
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
guarantee0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
progress0NN

Poverty still remains at unacceptable levels even in these three countries as elsewhere

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.872590651479282
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
remains0NNS
level0.0113874611101829NN
country0NN

In many developing countries there is wide and often widening gap between rich and poor and between those who can and cannot exploit new opportunities arising from economic growth

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.617114728691542
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
wide0JJ
gap0NN
poor0JJ
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
arise0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.493806756581265
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
wide0JJ
gap0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
opportunity0NN
arise0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.403691076448174
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
wide0JJ
gap0NN
poor0JJ
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
arise0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN

This means that access to good schools health care electricity safe water and other critical services still remains elusive for many people who live in economies on the rise

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.623929813382506
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
school0NN
health0NN
care0NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
critical0JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
remains0NNS
people0.024149913320522NNS
live0.0252018374089947VB
economy0NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.342874758083961
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
access0.00610236075888593NN
school0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
care0.104031537001265NN
electricity0NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
critical0JJ
service0.0100171139310145NN
remains0NNS
people0.00539943740774902NNS
live0.0300513417930436VB
economy0NN
rise0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.26661276010383
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
access0.00697628678506322NN
school0.208127520578185NN
health0NN
care0.0416255041156371NN
electricity0NN
safe0.0255262687343935JJ
water0NN
critical0JJ
service0NN
remains0NNS
people0.00720147981137839NNS
live0.0200404333715257VB
economy0NN
rise0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208340703958205
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
school0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
care0NN
electricity0NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
critical0JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
remains0NNS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
live0VB
economy0NN
rise0NN

Other challenges such as economic shocks food shortages and climate change threaten to undercut economic and social progress made in recent years

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.579130822343047
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
economic0JJ
shock0NN
food0NN
shortage0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
threaten0VB
social0JJ
progress0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.326195286905368
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
economic0JJ
shock0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
shortage0NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
threaten0VB
social0JJ
progress0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.323594331138798
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
shock0NN
food0NN
shortage0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
threaten0VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
progress0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.234263461325483
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
shock0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
shortage0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
threaten0VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
progress0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.37330819775841
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
shock0.120266261535276NN
food0NN
shortage0NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN
threaten0VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
progress0NN

Safeguarding the interests of poor people Global trends with local effects According to the Water Governance Facility WGF Most vulnerable in world of greater water insecurity are poor people living in informal urban settlements and those in rural areas whose livelihoods are dependent upon rainfed agriculture or the availability of grasslands and water for grazing animals

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.776315408148089
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
local0.0181797964452808JJ
effect0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
facility0NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
live0.0252018374089947VB
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
rural0JJ
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0NN
availability0NN
animal0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.338524454020028
WordScorePoS
safeguard0.0731385760866977VB
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
local0.0194583992186006JJ
effect0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
governance0NN
facility0NN
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
world0.00626002771693937NN
live0.0269743071558856VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
livelihood0NN
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0NN
availability0NN
animal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28673463428998
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
global0.022306853314744JJ
local0.0144336476662975JJ
effect0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
facility0NN
vulnerable0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
live0VB
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
rural0JJ
livelihood0NN
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
availability0NN
animal0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.286163321915922
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
people0.0257736572183839NNS
global0.0119942111830662JJ
local0.0155217067874935JJ
effect0.0440683498519077NN
water0NN
governance0NN
facility0NN
vulnerable0.0182713919265625JJ
world0.0124838525528648NN
live0.0143446978608332VB
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
rainfed0.0583416713841148JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
availability0NN
animal0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.245190589963032
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
global0JJ
local0JJ
effect0NN
water0NN
governance0NN
facility0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
world0.00257343720272548NN
live0.0739258553811849VB
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
rural0JJ
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
rainfed0JJ
agriculture0NN
availability0NN
animal0NN

Protecting the rights of such people and avoiding elite capture of the resource and the benefits derived from it require tools that foster more equitable allocation of scarce water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.659722417267833
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
rights0NNS
people0.024149913320522NNS
avoid0VB
capture0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
benefit0NN
require0VB
tool0NN
foster0JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
scarce0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.39114054218004
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
rights0NNS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
avoid0VB
capture0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
benefit0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
tool0.0542519672965169NN
foster0JJ
equitable0JJ
scarce0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Two global trends are converging climate change and growing economic development in least developed countries LDCs and emerging economies

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.830370024816828
WordScorePoS
global0.0375696197697663JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
grow0.0171695137813101VB
economic0JJ
development0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
emerge0VB
economy0.0839946104936743NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.237433241589431
WordScorePoS
global0.0220597476338268JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
grow0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
develop0VB
country0NN
emerge0VB
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.307402665399745
WordScorePoS
global0.0251662980592747JJ
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
grow0VB
economic0JJ
development0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
emerge0VB
economy0.0625160381065121NN

This convergence is certain to intensify the water insecurity of poor and marginalized people in low income countries and add to the urgency for new approaches to the allocation of water resources for development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.829803566631941
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
marginalize0VB
people0.024149913320522NNS
income0NN
country0NN
add0VB
approach0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368442189926249
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
marginalize0VB
people0.0119834723221875NNS
income0NN
country0NN
add0VB
approach0.0542519672965169NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.220832606183217
WordScorePoS
water0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
marginalize0VB
people0.0371911007748996NNS
income0.0442083771593746NN
country0NN
add0VB
approach0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
development0.0164833460638534NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.163537829405057
WordScorePoS
water0NN
poor0JJ
marginalize0.0488696285210061VB
people0.00571634317201755NNS
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
add0VB
approach0NN
resource0NN
development0.0177346522508396NN

The OECD Environmental Outlook to OECD estimates that by water demands from manufacturing industries and thermal power generation will increase dramatically especially in developing countries and the BRICS the five major emerging national economies of Brazil Russia India China and South Africa

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.620719257417121
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
estimate0.0221298700466866NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
develop0VB
country0NN
major0.0160169090870187JJ
emerge0VB
national0.00412562425683033JJ
economy0NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.510864880527913
WordScorePoS
oecd0.108503934593034NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
develop0VB
country0NN
major0JJ
emerge0VB
national0.00743561777158133JJ
economy0NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.495793984760682
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
environmental0JJ
estimate0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
power0NN
generation0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
develop0VB
country0NN
major0JJ
emerge0VB
national0JJ
economy0NN
south0RB
africa0IN

In the manufacturing industry alone the share of total water demand by is expected to increase from to

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.658273607615633
WordScorePoS
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
share0NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
expect0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.631557261511639
WordScorePoS
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
share0.0377086395700813NN
total0.0260040237236563NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
expect0VB
increase0.0159575617614215NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.305985599108645
WordScorePoS
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
share0NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN

The water demand increase in BRICS will be sevenfold while in developing countries it will come close to increasing by

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.903601879945267
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324104610433933
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
develop0VB
country0NN

In OECD countries an increase is expected of some

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.89224351360331
WordScorePoS
oecd0.108503934593034NN
country0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB

While such increased demand for water can indicate positive economic growth ahead it also implies the huge challenge of how to allocate scarce water between and within different sectors such as industry energy agriculture and domestic use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.665563319623028
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
positive0JJ
economic0JJ
growth0NN
challenge0NN
scarce0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
industry0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
agriculture0NN
domestic0JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.362108949179484
WordScorePoS
increase0.0159575617614215NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
positive0.0454743001434393JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
challenge0NN
scarce0.0602029956716497JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
agriculture0NN
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347735229221222
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
positive0JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
challenge0NN
scarce0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
industry0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
domestic0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32382499177382
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
demand0NN
water0NN
positive0JJ
economic0JJ
growth0NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
scarce0JJ
sector0NN
industry0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
agriculture0NN
domestic0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.2720734157831
WordScorePoS
increase0.00711043475673939NN
demand0NN
water0NN
positive0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
scarce0JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
industry0NN
energy0NN
agriculture0NN
domestic0.0695218668857431JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.142592098651431
WordScorePoS
increase0.0128868286091919NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
water0NN
positive0JJ
economic0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
challenge0NN
scarce0JJ
sector0.0182713919265625NN
industry0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
domestic0JJ

There is also the huge challenge of how different groups such as poor people will be affected

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.625312921589443
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
affect0.0184786920895884VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.439664826356254
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
affect0.0112376090361851VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.331400255558848
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
affect0.0209983814716066VB

To allocate water in ways that are efficient equitable and sustainable in world of increasing demand and more variable water supplies the following issues could be considered arket mechanisms trading systems and full cost pricing through valuation excel in the efficiency arena but can fall short when the goal is to realize the right to water and sanitation or when externalities that impact environmental sustainability are not taken into account

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.848064712885845
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficient0JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
issue0NN
mechanism0NN
trading0NN
system0NN
full0JJ
cost0NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
fall0NN
goal0NN
realize0VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.398296404409152
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
equitable0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
issue0NN
mechanism0NN
trading0NN
system0NN
full0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
fall0NN
goal0NN
realize0VB
sanitation0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
account0.0577345906651901NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.146265629060426
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficient0JJ
equitable0.017987180284335JJ
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
world0.00418824502414673NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
issue0.0299586785922821NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
trading0.048933054487825NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
full0JJ
cost0NN
efficiency0NN
fall0NN
goal0NN
realize0.048933054487825VB
sanitation0NN
impact0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
account0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0646428935704535
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficient0JJ
equitable0JJ
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
world0.00261936653839306NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
demand0NN
supplies0NNS
issue0NN
mechanism0NN
trading0NN
system0NN
full0JJ
cost0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
fall0NN
goal0NN
realize0VB
sanitation0NN
impact0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
account0NN

rom an efficiency perspective when markets do not fully capture the total value of water other mechanisms have to be engaged to allocate water to the highest value uses and users

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.855118105288199
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
perspective0NN
market0NN
fully0RB
capture0NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
mechanism0NN
engage0VB
user0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.401177851810345
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
perspective0NN
market0.0169905820958638NN
fully0RB
capture0NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
water0.186896403054502NN
mechanism0NN
engage0.0819583881728876VB
user0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.163075046149423
WordScorePoS
efficiency0NN
perspective0NN
market0.030649619577211NN
fully0RB
capture0NN
total0NN
water0NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
engage0VB
user0.048933054487825NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.134707668428386
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
perspective0NN
market0NN
fully0RB
capture0NN
total0.0528748274225028NN
water0NN
mechanism0NN
engage0VB
user0NN

Yet what constitutes efficiency and highest value uses and users is often subjective

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.773508001226542
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
user0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.308101307191313
WordScorePoS
efficiency0.0537696560159885NN
user0NN

People living at the margins seldom qualify as high value users yet good development practice demands that their needs be given priority

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.42373209013584
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
live0VB
qualify0VB
user0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
demand0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.397844393124653
WordScorePoS
people0.00720147981137839NNS
live0.0200404333715257VB
qualify0.0815069365350084VB
user0NN
development0.0279277626235394NN
practice0NN
demand0NN
priority0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.37142466388024
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
live0.0739258553811849VB
qualify0VB
user0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
practice0NN
demand0NN
priority0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.323411467735243
WordScorePoS
people0.0257736572183839NNS
live0.0143446978608332VB
qualify0VB
user0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
practice0.0252000451111224NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
priority0NN

onflict resolution mechanisms and rubrics for managing trade offs are often needed to facilitate water sharing among competing users such as upstream and downstream stakeholders

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.708367652100346
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
manage0VB
trade0NN
facilitate0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
share0NN
user0NN
stakeholder0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.537790173652394
WordScorePoS
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
manage0VB
trade0.0539615408530051NN
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
water0NN
share0.0766240489430275NN
user0.048933054487825NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.290109545024528
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
manage0VB
trade0NN
facilitate0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
share0NN
user0NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN

Ensuring that powerful interests do not dominate or entirely capture the process requires robust safeguards to ensure that poor people can participate meaningfully hold officials to account and access information

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.465386464786839
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
capture0NN
process0.0558185411034276NN
require0VB
safeguard0VB
poor0JJ
people0NNS
hold0.18234260265061NN
official0NN
account0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
information0.02046578088155NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.387177003518865
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
capture0NN
process0NN
require0VB
safeguard0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
hold0NN
official0NN
account0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
information0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.356214905645672
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
capture0NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
safeguard0VB
poor0JJ
people0.0186171553883251NNS
hold0NN
official0NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
information0.0675706773907211NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326247835387639
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
capture0NN
process0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
safeguard0VB
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
hold0NN
official0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
information0.0365348149782971NN

WGF Chapter WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The Global Risks report finds that income disparity is the risk most likely to cause an impact on the global scale in the next decade WEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.565541369763039
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
risk0NN
report0NN
income0NN
disparity0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
scale0NN
decade0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.378100771966844
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
risk0NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
income0NN
disparity0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
scale0NN
decade0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.334143375844545
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
global0JJ
risk0.0519476926891779NN
report0NN
income0.0442083771593746NN
disparity0NN
impact0NN
scale0NN
decade0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.294698393322622
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.0488696285210061NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
global0.0133009891881297JJ
risk0NN
report0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
impact0NN
scale0NN
decade0NN

More than of the world population live in countries where income differentials are widening UNDP

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.787215249659554
WordScorePoS
world0.00276879546803864NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
live0.0159075630937118VB
country0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
differential0.0488696285210061JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.300559719874758
WordScorePoS
world0.0124838525528648NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
live0.0143446978608332VB
country0NN
income0.0643370113878709NN
differential0JJ

The HDR identified four key areas to keep the momentum of economic growth enhancing equity including the gender dimension enabling greater voice and participation of citizens including youth confronting environmental pressures and managing demographic change UNDP

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.444152245015866
WordScorePoS
identify0VB
key0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
include0VB
gender0.0519476926891779NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
enable0VB
voice0NN
participation0.0614198493690006NN
youth0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
pressure0NN
manage0VB
change0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.405063764819875
WordScorePoS
identify0VB
key0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
enhance0.0123650647908625VB
include0VB
gender0NN
dimension0NN
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voice0NN
participation0NN
youth0.0821985033584295NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
pressure0NN
manage0VB
change0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.402768524910531
WordScorePoS
identify0VB
key0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
enhance0VB
include0VB
gender0NN
dimension0NN
enable0.0279982034978914VB
voice0NN
participation0NN
youth0.0279982034978914NN
environmental0JJ
pressure0NN
manage0VB
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.330955129546996
WordScorePoS
identify0VB
key0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
growth0NN
enhance0.0140083044329373VB
include0VB
gender0.196902218579822NN
dimension0NN
enable0.0465610847355851VB
voice0NN
participation0.0465610847355851NN
youth0NN
environmental0JJ
pressure0NN
manage0VB
change0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.376304770558346
WordScorePoS
identify0VB
key0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
enhance0.00994073584907126VB
include0VB
gender0NN
dimension0.0488696285210061NN
enable0VB
voice0.064698038783335NN
participation0NN
youth0NN
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
pressure0NN
manage0.0660824365173543VB
change0NN

Development is about improving people well being giving them say in the decisions that affect their lives and expanding their freedoms choices and opportunities

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.442660168963578
WordScorePoS
development0.0368309542451156NN
improve0VB
people0NNS
give0VB
decision0.0464294830712827NN
affect0.033031539117106VB
life0NN
expand0VB
freedom0.107490825192354NN
choice0NN
opportunity0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.372694557687401
WordScorePoS
development0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
people0.024149913320522NNS
give0VB
decision0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
life0NN
expand0.0251182378961834VB
freedom0NN
choice0.0516150472983178NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.311069162395936
WordScorePoS
development0.0177346522508396NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
people0.00571634317201755NNS
give0.064698038783335VB
decision0.02794560829783NN
affect0VB
life0NN
expand0VB
freedom0NN
choice0NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.301668011609036
WordScorePoS
development0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
people0.0108156764915259NNS
give0VB
decision0NN
affect0VB
life0.0188084899376888NN
expand0.0449973847138318VB
freedom0NN
choice0NN
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN

From this perspective the way in which water resources are allocated in countries around the world is deeply problematic

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.880141428184934
WordScorePoS
perspective0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
country0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359298050863255
WordScorePoS
perspective0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
country0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN

Water resource allocation for range of productive purposes from agriculture to industry to ecosystem services is typically inequitable

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.684977494678132
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
range0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
industry0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
typically0RB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.335016160231914
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
range0NN
productive0.0714379839896614JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
typically0RB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.328167438037587
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
range0.0368585655748969NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
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service0.0148023490369527NN
typically0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324336798809729
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
range0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
industry0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
typically0RB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.280450912467709
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
range0NN
productive0JJ
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
industry0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
typically0RB

Generally speaking comparatively powerless groups tend to be shut out of access to water as well as the processes whereby allocation decisions are made

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.896001731491163
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
process0NN
decision0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300751597178323
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
process0NN
decision0NN

Although integrated water resources management IWRM approaches are guided by balanced concern for economic efficiency environmental sustainability and social equity in practice the social equity goal is often given less priority when water allocation decisions are made WGF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.689595778594774
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
approach0NN
economic0JJ
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
social0JJ
practice0NN
goal0NN
priority0NN
decision0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.473756385578163
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
practice0.0703006268489394NN
goal0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
decision0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.183520000132669
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0295821503613099VB
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
approach0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
practice0NN
goal0NN
priority0NN
decision0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0749834871867329
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
approach0NN
economic0JJ
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
social0JJ
practice0NN
goal0NN
priority0NN
decision0NN

Non inclusive growth coupled with inappropriate allocation of water resources and services and increasing demand for water by industry agriculture and households run the risk of making societies more unstable and prone to tensions and conflicts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.716597810583057
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
demand0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0NN
household0NN
risk0NN
society0NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.323410170744839
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
growth0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
demand0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
risk0NN
society0NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.262252325271354
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
agriculture0NN
household0NN
risk0NN
society0.0221298700466866NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.252162452295252
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0319966432858631JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
increase0NN
demand0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0NN
household0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
society0NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0.147263166485024NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.206292171594753
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
demand0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0NN
household0NN
risk0NN
society0.0591643007226199NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.202303353056573
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
industry0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
risk0.0252000451111224NN
society0NN
unstable0JJ
conflict0NN

While demand is expected to continue to grow as result of economic growth and changing consumer preferences much can be done in the ways water is allocated and used

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.540815853238033
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
continue0.0199423462679015VB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
result0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
change0NN
consumer0.325511803779102NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.525583928547387
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0VB
continue0VB
grow0VB
result0.0683326727248364NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
change0NN
consumer0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.415260434719662
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0.0335649154577099VB
continue0.0403047273067529VB
grow0.0171695137813101VB
result0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
consumer0NN
water0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.308423481716335
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0VB
continue0.0295821503613099VB
grow0VB
result0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
change0NN
consumer0NN
water0NN

There is need for more effective allocation mechanisms that also take into account the interests of poor people and that can mediate grievances between different users Box

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.628914821257029
WordScorePoS
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
account0NN
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
people0.00432344066632653NNS
user0.048933054487825NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.495570271446911
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
mechanism0NN
account0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
user0NN

water resources management can provide fewer risks and increased productivity gains across and within sectors such as land energy food and mining and upkeep of ecosystem services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.476384002692768
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
provide0VB
risk0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
productivity0NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
land0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.466505225854956
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
risk0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
productivity0NN
gain0.0664302389559493NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
food0.186896403054502NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.394685374420041
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
provide0VB
risk0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
productivity0NN
gain0NN
sector0NN
land0.0325677023224526NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.355636657485206
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
management0NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
risk0.0252000451111224NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
gain0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
land0.0465651203624806NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
food0.292342270824999NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
service0.0143446978608332NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.295158220998031
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
risk0.0223459295604043NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
productivity0NN
gain0NN
sector0NN
land0.123873694868802NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
food0.016202004209163NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN

Water management contributes to four key dimensions of poverty reduction UNDP SEI Enhanced livelihoods security relates to incentives provided to poor people to develop abilities and make use of their assets to earn an acceptable living

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.568856595329655
WordScorePoS
water0NN
management0NN
contribute0VB
key0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
security0NN
incentive0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
develop0VB
ability0NN
asset0NN
live0.0739258553811849VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.564007382145388
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
contribute0VB
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
enhance0VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
incentive0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
develop0VB
ability0NN
asset0NN
live0.0252018374089947VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.286914483354739
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
enhance0VB
livelihood0NN
security0NN
incentive0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
develop0VB
ability0.0409791940864438NN
asset0NN
live0VB

Access to water is key to realizing livelihood opportunities and continuity of water flows determine the status and integrity of ecosystem services on which poor people are directly dependent such as fishing or grazing of cattle

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.826632620059846
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
key0NN
realize0VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
flow0NN
determine0VB
status0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
fishing0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28947778099017
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
key0NN
realize0VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
flow0NN
determine0VB
status0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
fishing0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.256668972477474
WordScorePoS
access0.00113832851892715NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
key0.0271683202880942NN
realize0VB
livelihood0.0229784274580034NN
opportunity0NN
flow0NN
determine0.0401833161726777VB
status0NN
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
service0NN
poor0JJ
people0.00705044110169491NNS
fishing0.212793248229045NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.220220835565452
WordScorePoS
access0.00110699520004297NN
water0.016202004209163NN
key0.0528409850971592NN
realize0VB
livelihood0.0670377886812128NN
opportunity0.0116130458375813NN
flow0NN
determine0VB
status0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
poor0.016202004209163JJ
people0.0159982027144574NNS
fishing0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.185204336159652
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
water0NN
key0NN
realize0VB
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
opportunity0NN
flow0NN
determine0VB
status0NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
fishing0NN

Reliable water supplies are Comparatively powerless groups tend to be shut out of not just access to water but also the processes whereby allocation decisions are made critical for range of food production activities including irrigation rearing of livestock aquaculture horticulture and other types of production in rural and certain urban areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.700584929201719
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
process0NN
decision0NN
critical0JJ
range0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
activity0.0502364757923669NN
include0VB
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
livestock0NN
aquaculture0NN
type0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.447102311189233
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
process0NN
decision0NN
critical0JJ
range0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
activity0.0199423462679015NN
include0VB
irrigation0NN
livestock0NN
aquaculture0NN
type0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.335959488985299
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
water0NN
supplies0NNS
access0.00749031153171887NN
process0NN
decision0NN
critical0JJ
range0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
activity0NN
include0VB
irrigation0NN
livestock0.0583416713841148NN
aquaculture0NN
type0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
urban0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.263961154239687
WordScorePoS
reliable0JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
access0.00626002771693937NN
process0NN
decision0NN
critical0JJ
range0NN
food0NN
production0NN
activity0NN
include0VB
irrigation0NN
livestock0NN
aquaculture0NN
type0NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.152853435536613
WordScorePoS
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
water0NN
supplies0NNS
access0.0157161992303584NN
process0NN
decision0NN
critical0JJ
range0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
activity0NN
include0VB
irrigation0NN
livestock0NN
aquaculture0NN
type0NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ

It is therefore critical that water interventions support diversified domestic livelihood opportunities such as vegetable production pottery or laundering

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.76682791962354
WordScorePoS
critical0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
intervention0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
diversified0JJ
domestic0JJ
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.374281995486648
WordScorePoS
critical0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
intervention0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
diversified0JJ
domestic0JJ
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Reduced health risks relates to mitigating the social and environmental factors that put poor and vulnerable groups especially women and children at high risk from diseases

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.587170819856486
WordScorePoS
reduce0.01675146888405VB
health0.191387734041787NN
risk0.0703902516159815NN
social0JJ
environmental0JJ
poor0JJ
vulnerable0JJ
woman0.0381514605760894NN
child0.10682408961305NN
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.522621496042617
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
health0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
woman0.0450489732120807NN
child0.0450489732120807NN
disease0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.268799579702145
WordScorePoS
reduce0VB
health0.0571058915334038NN
risk0NN
social0.0285529457667019JJ
environmental0JJ
poor0JJ
vulnerable0JJ
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN
disease0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.32483782780481
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
health0.0229054731708393NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
social0.0458109463416786JJ
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
woman0.0273960270556257NN
child0.0273960270556257NN
disease0NN

Key dimensions of poverty reduction Water and economic development are closely associated and poverty oriented water interventions can have direct immediate and long term social economic and environmental results making difference to billions of people

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.582578311706923
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
orient0NN
intervention0NN
direct0JJ
term0NN
social0JJ
environmental0JJ
result0.0683326727248364NN
people0.024149913320522NNS

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.543514236457204
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
water0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
orient0NN
intervention0NN
direct0JJ
term0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
result0NN
people0.0371911007748996NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297645526592215
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
orient0NN
intervention0NN
direct0JJ
term0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
result0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.279419897715929
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
reduction0NN
water0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
orient0.0804764811724088NN
intervention0NN
direct0JJ
term0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
result0NN
people0.0106656521351091NNS

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.122282067674574
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0NN
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
reduction0NN
water0NN
economic0JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
orient0NN
intervention0NN
direct0.0299586785922821JJ
term0.149793392961411NN
social0JJ
environmental0JJ
result0NN
people0.00432344066632653NNS

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.312695129914392
WordScorePoS
key0NN
dimension0.0488696285210061NN
poverty0.05809266143877NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
water0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
orient0NN
intervention0NN
direct0.0396106020715138JJ
term0.0396106020715138NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
result0NN
people0.00571634317201755NNS

Investing in improved water management and services is prerequisite to reducing poverty and achieving sustainable economic growth

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.592163143237097
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
economic0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.425644773324426
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0VB
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.405459182854493
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0.0150723186962745VB
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289615269328678
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

Poor people receive very direct benefits from improved water and sanitation services through better health reduced health costs increased productivity and time savings

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.720201802120748
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
health0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
cost0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
productivity0NN
time0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.399652364727433
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
people0.00539943740774902NNS
receive0.0814816979556159VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
health0.191387734041787NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
cost0NN
increase0.0143984997539974NN
productivity0NN
time0.0127591822694525NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.261586554095556
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
productivity0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.169374134727209
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
receive0VB
direct0JJ
benefit0NN
improve0VB
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
health0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
cost0NN
increase0NN
productivity0NN
time0NN

Improved management of One usual working day in Europe Photo Svetlana Punte European Commission DG EMPL WWDR Poverty and social equity and poor nutrition leading to premature death

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.778078728828698
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
management0NN
day0.25973846344589NN
commission0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
nutrition0NN
lead0NN
premature0JJ
death0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.297246817689398
WordScorePoS
improve0.0218534471578307VB
management0NN
day0NN
commission0NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
social0JJ
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
nutrition0.175025014152344NN
lead0NN
premature0JJ
death0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.293568262795611
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
management0.0127591822694525NN
day0.0175975629039954NN
commission0NN
poverty0.00914534810831654NN
social0JJ
poor0JJ
nutrition0NN
lead0.025518364538905NN
premature0.0407408489778079JJ
death0.193573191943949NN

Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea and water related vectorborne diseases like malaria are among the leading causes of death especially affecting children and other vulnerable groups

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.704563579350073
WordScorePoS
disease0.215415047323213NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
malaria0.20370424488904NN
lead0.025518364538905NN
death0.193573191943949NN
affect0.00625975725959118VB
child0.10682408961305NN
vulnerable0JJ

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.632112743193991
WordScorePoS
disease0.103230094596636NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
malaria0NN
lead0NN
death0.0295155485671997NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
child0.0255958462813622NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.158495716242575
WordScorePoS
disease0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
malaria0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
death0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
child0NN
vulnerable0JJ

Increased access to safe water basic sanitation and better hygiene is one of the most effective ways to improve health and reduce poverty

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.838047296558132
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
effective0JJ
improve0.0511916925627245VB
health0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.255650633975504
WordScorePoS
increase0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
effective0JJ
improve0VB
health0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.232154174311655
WordScorePoS
increase0.0143984997539974NN
access0.00610236075888593NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
basic0JJ
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
hygiene0NN
effective0.00914534810831654JJ
improve0VB
health0.191387734041787NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
poverty0.00914534810831654NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.202529626761244
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
effective0JJ
improve0VB
health0.0339811641917276NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

From an economic perspective it is highly attractive investment since the rate of return is in excess of those found in many so called productive uses

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.574306902868308
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
perspective0NN
highly0RB
investment0.0252035516550537NN
rate0NN
return0NN
productive0.0985415302158139JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.450066052584682
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
perspective0NN
highly0RB
investment0.0376648791150643NN
rate0.0639932865717261NN
return0NN
productive0JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.375008584792426
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
perspective0NN
highly0RB
investment0NN
rate0.0571955184484387NN
return0.107490825192354NN
productive0JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.320506883842244
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
perspective0NN
highly0RB
investment0.0202620733250388NN
rate0.0172128079963482NN
return0NN
productive0JJ

Another effective strategy to alleviate poverty is to enhance the design of water infrastructure and water management in for example reservoirs and irrigation structures to reduce vector borne disease transmission

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.826298572918919
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
poverty0NN
enhance0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
structure0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
bear0NN
disease0.103230094596636NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.290947774711919
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
enhance0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
irrigation0NN
structure0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
bear0NN
disease0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.26939662779286
WordScorePoS
effective0.00914534810831654JJ
strategy0.0149758277542848NN
poverty0.00914534810831654NN
enhance0VB
water0.0382775468083574NN
infrastructure0NN
management0.0127591822694525NN
irrigation0NN
structure0NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
bear0.0814816979556159NN
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.215613797859384
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
strategy0.0442083771593746NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
management0NN
irrigation0NN
structure0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
bear0NN
disease0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.204778860502921
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
poverty0NN
enhance0.0185001613201543VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
management0NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
structure0NN
reduce0VB
bear0NN
disease0NN

Reduced vulnerability implies reducing the risks and impacts of hazards related to volatile politics and economics as well as unsustainable environmental trends and shocks from water related natural disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.687751753723044
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
vulnerability0NN
risk0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
hazard0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
economics0.0683326727248364NNS
unsustainable0JJ
environmental0JJ
shock0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.405821580630252
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
vulnerability0NN
risk0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
hazard0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
economics0NNS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
shock0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.34559554130113
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
vulnerability0NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
impact0.0194583992186006NN
hazard0NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
economics0NNS
unsustainable0JJ
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
shock0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.402891438209141
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
impact0NN
hazard0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
economics0NNS
unsustainable0JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
shock0.120266261535276NN
water0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
disaster0.0519476926891779NN

For example floods and droughts undercut development and can lock people in to poverty and desperation

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.699135022059278
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
drought0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
lock0NN
people0.0371911007748996NNS
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.378284774144232
WordScorePoS
flood0.0357189919948307NN
drought0.0714379839896614NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
lock0NN
people0.0257736572183839NNS
poverty0.0261926252110933NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.312971256423915
WordScorePoS
flood0.0316735178673487NN
drought0.0633470357346975NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
lock0NN
people0.0159982027144574NNS
poverty0.0232260916751625NN

Long term trends of degrading ecosystems increased rainfall variability water pollution and land degradation place additional strains on poor people and long term development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.590066355365114
WordScorePoS
term0NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
land0NN
degradation0NN
additional0JJ
strain0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
development0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.495757092608961
WordScorePoS
term0NN
degrade0.0781544824456958VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
water0.016202004209163NN
pollution0NN
land0.123873694868802NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
additional0JJ
strain0NN
poor0.016202004209163JJ
people0.0159982027144574NNS
development0.0106357666046841NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.33836758754354
WordScorePoS
term0NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
additional0JJ
strain0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.323874028957057
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
water0NN
pollution0NN
land0NN
degradation0NN
additional0.036961556179878JJ
strain0NN
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
people0.00432344066632653NNS
development0.0469463607292177NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.187847014763392
WordScorePoS
term0NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0NN
increase0NN
water0NN
pollution0NN
land0.0319966432858631NN
degradation0NN
additional0JJ
strain0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
development0.0164833460638534NN

Investment in improved water storage to even out water access in and between rainy seasons and support preparedness for flood management is also an imperative part of any poverty reduction strategy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852086189413485
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
strategy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300643903091514
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
flood0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
strategy0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.250541809365502
WordScorePoS
investment0.0376648791150643NN
improve0VB
water0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
flood0NN
management0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
strategy0.0442083771593746NN

Economic growth for poverty reduction is also critical

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.601561532340127
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
critical0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.589157595467904
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
reduction0NN
critical0JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.461659546394871
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
poverty0.05809266143877NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
critical0JJ

However what matters is the quality of growth and how new wealth in society is distributed

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.728126611764397
WordScorePoS
quality0.030144637392549NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
society0.0591643007226199NN
distribute0VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.519142823790205
WordScorePoS
quality0.0121171980355011NN
growth0.11178243319132NN
society0.0237821918091848NN
distribute0.064698038783335VB

Water management and services provision are catalysts for such growth which must create new livelihood opportunities for poor people

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696287745728395
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provision0NN
growth0NN
create0VB
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.36472450699449
WordScorePoS
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provision0NN
growth0.0519476926891779NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
opportunity0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.323952989634633
WordScorePoS
water0NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
provision0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
poor0JJ
people0.0106656521351091NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.279096652518111
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provision0NN
growth0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS

Water provides livelihood and entrepreneurial opportunities in various productive areas at many levels to develop supplying technologies services and constructions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771936747907227
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
productive0JJ
level0.00647010760354177NN
develop0VB
supply0.0590310971343993NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30072726410385
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
livelihood0NN
opportunity0NN
productive0JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
develop0VB
supply0.0703006268489394NN
technology0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

The untapped potential of local entrepreneurs needs to be realized since it can generate high returns for local economies in terms of jobs and multiplier effects see Chapter

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.52929711525159
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
realize0VB
generate0VB
return0NN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
term0NN
job0.135650868266471NN
effect0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.456387051864934
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
realize0.048933054487825VB
generate0VB
return0NN
economy0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
job0NN
effect0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.367831295643756
WordScorePoS
potential0.0454743001434393NN
local0JJ
realize0VB
generate0VB
return0NN
economy0NN
term0NN
job0.0902026255635679NN
effect0.0454743001434393NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32567164597366
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
local0JJ
realize0VB
generate0VB
return0NN
economy0.0625160381065121NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
job0.0229264916384433NN
effect0NN

Major water infrastructure developments can generate significant national as well as regional economic benefits and lessen vulnerabilities related to food and energy security

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.462825056402713
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
national0JJ
regional0JJ
economic0JJ
benefit0NN
lessen0VB
vulnerability0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.459149689674354
WordScorePoS
major0.0325677023224526JJ
water0NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
development0NN
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significant0JJ
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food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.44529172401464
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
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lessen0.0542519672965169VB
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related0.00833571598658786JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.353561643617104
WordScorePoS
major0JJ
water0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
significant0JJ
national0.00399807039435538JJ
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benefit0.0252000451111224NN
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related0.00896409157262106JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.297585642273029
WordScorePoS
major0.0160169090870187JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
national0.00412562425683033JJ
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benefit0.0260040237236563NN
lessen0VB
vulnerability0NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
food0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
security0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.114771554566029
WordScorePoS
major0.0214106369326177JJ
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
generate0VB
significant0JJ
national0.0055149369084567JJ
regional0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
lessen0VB
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related0.0123650647908625JJ
food0NN
energy0NN
security0NN

Such investments need to be done with proper impact assessments and in collaboration with other countries whenever relevant

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.489194839765757
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
proper0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
country0NN
relevant0.0277064208763707JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.434868629066562
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
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impact0NN
country0NN
relevant0.0249900578719309JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.357318266606585
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
proper0JJ
impact0.0285977592242194NN
country0NN
relevant0.0548954478802642JJ

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.356281750169494
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
proper0JJ
impact0NN
country0NN
relevant0.0832510082312742JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.327873942455394
WordScorePoS
investment0.0182713919265625NN
proper0.0583416713841148JJ
impact0NN
country0NN
relevant0JJ

These investments are not panacea however and need to be accompanied by Chapter smaller scale investments in relation to irrigation power generation crop diversification institutional development better access to markets by farmers and rural artisans and capacity development

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.620028276115265
WordScorePoS
investment0.0182713919265625NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
relation0NN
irrigation0NN
power0NN
generation0NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
diversification0NN
institutional0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
access0.00749031153171887NN
market0.0913569596328122NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
capacity0.0179281831452421NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.487113458545633
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
relation0NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
crop0NN
diversification0.0454743001434393NN
institutional0JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
market0.0377086395700813NN
farmer0NN
rural0JJ
capacity0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.42702339997916
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
scale0NN
relation0NN
irrigation0NN
power0.036961556179878NN
generation0NN
crop0NN
diversification0NN
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
market0.030649619577211NN
farmer0NN
rural0JJ
capacity0.0451108483130998NN

A diversified investment strategy is required to make good progress in reducing poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.667547662955759
WordScorePoS
diversified0JJ
investment0.0376648791150643NN
strategy0.0442083771593746NN
require0VB
progress0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.536480163703547
WordScorePoS
diversified0JJ
investment0.0252035516550537NN
strategy0.0295821503613099NN
require0.104282800328615VB
progress0.0591643007226199NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Targeting gender equality Improved gender equality is key to boosting water management and access

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.63977256298983
WordScorePoS
target0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
equality0.18624433894234NN
improve0VB
key0NN
water0NN
management0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.543584075166644
WordScorePoS
target0NN
gender0NN
equality0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
key0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
access0.00731085509381114NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.184468967876496
WordScorePoS
target0NN
gender0NN
equality0NN
improve0VB
key0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
access0.00232174891244877NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.384432803203383
WordScorePoS
target0.0499016491051341NN
gender0.10561808200669NN
equality0.0832510082312742NN
improve0.0305306222517556VB
key0NN
water0NN
management0NN
access0.00697628678506322NN

The past two decades have seen significant increase in gender awareness and the role women play to promote improved access to and management of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.662937124331457
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
significant0JJ
increase0.00905621749519576NN
gender0NN
awareness0NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
promote0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.426267650044162
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
significant0JJ
increase0.00402768349408688NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
awareness0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
promote0.00624783747184187VB
improve0VB
access0.00780347258345989NN
management0NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321549645951503
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
significant0JJ
increase0.00958677785775002NN
gender0NN
awareness0.0819583881728876NN
woman0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
improve0VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN

However in spite of big push to mainstream gender in national development plans and policies results on the ground remain rather limited

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.49662917641956
WordScorePoS
gender0.196902218579822NN
national0.0124956749436837JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
plan0NN
policy0.0341506708422088NN
result0NN
remain0VB
limited0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.48535100893171
WordScorePoS
gender0.0519476926891779NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
plan0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
result0NN
remain0VB
limited0.120266261535276JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.359719646218906
WordScorePoS
gender0NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
plan0.0344256159926965NN
policy0.0848203862485078NN
result0NN
remain0.0396106020715138VB
limited0JJ

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.355818892765388
WordScorePoS
gender0.10561808200669NN
national0JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN
plan0NN
policy0NN
result0NN
remain0.0499016491051341VB
limited0JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.307753017812431
WordScorePoS
gender0.0211360962287062NN
national0.0134132459226336JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
result0NN
remain0VB
limited0JJ

Women have considerable knowledge about the location and quality of local water resources and how to store water but this knowledge is seldom tapped and inclusion of women in decision making on water development and management at all levels is still lagging

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.81997504728429
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
knowledge0NN
location0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
inclusion0NN
decision0NN
development0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
level0.00647010760354177NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.318506107385652
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
knowledge0NN
location0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
inclusion0NN
decision0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
level0.00513687014008325NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.246724615332246
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
knowledge0NN
location0NN
quality0NN
local0JJ
water0NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
inclusion0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
development0.0124956749436837NN
management0NN
level0.0172651853471334NN

A study in South Asia for example attributed the workforce gender disparity to women broader challenges of participating in the labour market e

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.768398412060429
WordScorePoS
study0NN
south0RB
asia0IN
workforce0NN
gender0NN
disparity0NN
woman0.0452169560888236NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
labour0.563335368206862NN
market0.0252035516550537NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.48146573977482
WordScorePoS
study0NN
south0RB
asia0IN
workforce0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
disparity0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
challenge0NN
labour0NN
market0NN

lack of access to childcare or work schedule flexibility and to their educational opportunities which do not necessarily favour engineering education currently demanded by many parts of the water sector UN Women

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.694256768261961
WordScorePoS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
flexibility0NN
educational0.0683326727248364JJ
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
engineering0NN
education0NN
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.414106141193925
WordScorePoS
lack0.0255262687343935NN
access0.00697628678506322NN
flexibility0NN
educational0JJ
opportunity0NN
engineering0.0815069365350084NN
education0.244244978014045NN
demand0NN
water0NN
sector0NN
woman0.0610612445035112NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.35412551178515
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
flexibility0NN
educational0JJ
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
engineering0NN
education0.0512260062633133NN
demand0NN
water0NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
woman0.221979360474357NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.213681331039623
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
flexibility0NN
educational0JJ
opportunity0NN
engineering0NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
woman0NN

The current limited water access by the poor can result not only from economic pressures but also from socio political and environmental pressures such as armed conflicts and droughts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.647401594688877
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
limited0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
result0.0683326727248364NN
economic0JJ
pressure0NN
political0JJ
environmental0JJ
arm0NN
conflict0NN
drought0.041835863322702NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.494293254054387
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
limited0.120266261535276JJ
water0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
result0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
pressure0NN
political0JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
arm0NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN
drought0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315365801852481
WordScorePoS
current0.0332151194779746JJ
limited0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
result0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
pressure0NN
political0JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
arm0NN
conflict0NN
drought0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.141647900276992
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
limited0JJ
water0NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
poor0JJ
result0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
pressure0NN
political0JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
arm0NN
conflict0NN
drought0NN

Thus women and children may have to walk even longer distances to access water which can result in an increased exposure to violence in politically volatile areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732481286798357
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
child0.0255958462813622NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
exposure0NN
violence0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.370829031463145
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
water0NN
result0NN
increase0.00402768349408688NN
exposure0NN
violence0.0931221694711702NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.250068696780704
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
child0.0603953832457135NN
access0.00690021170452351NN
water0NN
result0NN
increase0NN
exposure0NN
violence0.164686343640793NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.214305001573793
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
child0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
result0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
exposure0NN
violence0NN

Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is human right yet its limited realization throughout the world often has disproportionate impacts on women

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901680533161861
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.219136673629474
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
woman0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.190549094623906
WordScorePoS
access0.00780347258345989NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
limited0JJ
world0.00585260443759492NN
impact0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN

The fact that many women and children are carrying water as daily chore has number of social and economic implications

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.637833951822965
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
child0.0255958462813622NN
water0.556409482163189NN
daily0RB
social0JJ
economic0JJ

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.364999846531319
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN
water0NN
daily0RB
social0.0285529457667019JJ
economic0.0727679293221751JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.288787541130934
WordScorePoS
woman0.0452169560888236NN
child0.0452169560888236NN
water0NN
daily0RB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.265070597099417
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
child0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
daily0RB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.320719466612538
WordScorePoS
woman0.0450489732120807NN
child0.0450489732120807NN
water0NN
daily0RB
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ

A estimate suggests that cutting just minutes off the walking time to water source could reduce under five child mortality by and the prevalence of nutrition depleting diarrhoea by

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.643217501998215
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
suggest0VB
cut0NN
minute0NN
time0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
child0.0255958462813622NN
mortality0NN
prevalence0NN
nutrition0NN
deplete0VB

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.544173427927005
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN
suggest0VB
cut0NN
minute0NN
time0.0127591822694525NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
source0NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
child0.10682408961305NN
mortality0.276962203701274NN
prevalence0.0407408489778079NN
nutrition0NN
deplete0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.265103113344031
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
suggest0VB
cut0NN
minute0NN
time0.0182713919265625NN
water0NN
source0.0130963126055467NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
child0.0546336178945768NN
mortality0NN
prevalence0NN
nutrition0.175025014152344NN
deplete0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242550249026765
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
suggest0VB
cut0NN
minute0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
child0NN
mortality0NN
prevalence0NN
nutrition0NN
deplete0VB

In Ghana minute reduction in water collection time increased girls school attendance from to

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.643695709408183
WordScorePoS
minute0NN
reduction0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
collection0NN
time0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
school0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.531151479162449
WordScorePoS
minute0NN
reduction0NN
water0NN
collection0NN
time0NN
increase0.00402768349408688NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
school0.0931221694711702NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.393104473427116
WordScorePoS
minute0NN
reduction0NN
water0NN
collection0NN
time0NN
increase0.0144029596227568NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
school0.208127520578185NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.252527198959315
WordScorePoS
minute0NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
collection0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
girl0NN
school0NN

A Bangladesh school sanitation project that provided separate facilities for boys and girls boosted girls school attendance by an annual average of UNWomen Nauges and Strand

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.7286053460561
WordScorePoS
school0.0931221694711702NN
sanitation0NN
project0NN
facility0NN
boy0.206598579091335NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
average0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.595072896832503
WordScorePoS
school0.208127520578185NN
sanitation0NN
project0NN
facility0.0815069365350084NN
boy0.184698660975968NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.268835100319732
WordScorePoS
school0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
project0.041835863322702NN
facility0NN
boy0NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
average0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.122956285527582
WordScorePoS
school0NN
sanitation0NN
project0.0335649154577099NN
facility0NN
boy0NN
girl0NN
average0.1656430212089NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.0904907921632449
WordScorePoS
school0NN
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project0NN
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boy0NN
girl0NN
average0.146608885563018NN

WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Economic development UNDESA UN DPAC | Josefina Maestu UNDESA UN DPAC Carlos Mario Gómez Universidad de Alcalá Colin Green University of Middlesex With contributions from Alan Hall Global Water Partnership Xavier Leflaive OECD Jack Moss Aquafed and Diego Rodriguez World Bank

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729877634386878
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
economic0JJ
green0JJ
university0NN
contribution0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
partnership0NN
oecd0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.418392074660024
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
green0.0332151194779746JJ
university0NN
contribution0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
partnership0NN
oecd0.108503934593034NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.361139383674594
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
economic0JJ
green0JJ
university0NN
contribution0NN
global0.0201198688839505JJ
partnership0.3914644359026NN
oecd0NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
bank0.036961556179878NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.20599223572752
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
green0JJ
university0NN
contribution0NN
global0JJ
partnership0NN
oecd0NN
world0.00257343720272548NN
bank0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.11010188377319
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
green0JJ
university0NN
contribution0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
partnership0NN
oecd0NN
world0.00172202218602071NN
bank0NN

Expanding economic opportunities through water infrastructure Developed and developing economies require water resources and water infrastructure to support activities and services needed for all three dimensions of sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784361927407455
WordScorePoS
expand0.0251182378961834VB
economic0JJ
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
develop0VB
economy0NN
require0VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
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dimension0NN
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development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351613299424405
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
opportunity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
develop0VB
economy0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
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dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.286898017768974
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
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opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
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develop0VB
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require0.0260040237236563VB
resource0.0185001613201543NN
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dimension0NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.204675870004798
WordScorePoS
expand0.0295821503613099VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
develop0VB
economy0.0821985033584295NN
require0.104282800328615VB
resource0.0123650647908625NN
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activity0.0295821503613099NN
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dimension0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.186121722418829
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
opportunity0NN
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
develop0VB
economy0NN
require0VB
resource0.0739147683583536NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
activity0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN

Economic development and water are intimately connected in many ways

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824418635108138
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.374129438975125
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.198513125243775
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
water0NN

Water is an essential resource for economic production and an enabler of trade for most types of goods and services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.670294510196088
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
economic0JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
trade0NN
type0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.428459998873606
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
trade0NN
type0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.291246354084646
WordScorePoS
water0NN
essential0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
production0.0504071033101074NN
trade0.0591643007226199NN
type0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN

Water is as an essential input for the production of food and electricity as well as for many manufactured products

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.624295252159799
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
input0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
manufacture0NN
product0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.485504253238052
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
essential0JJ
input0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
food0.186896403054502NN
electricity0NN
manufacture0NN
product0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.412228124467444
WordScorePoS
water0NN
essential0JJ
input0.0583416713841148NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
food0.292342270824999NN
electricity0.0297950283197006NN
manufacture0NN
product0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.370504129105975
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
essential0JJ
input0NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
product0.0442597400933733NN

Investments in water infrastructure are therefore fundamental to unlocking the full potential of economic growth Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.601045767291025
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
fundamental0JJ
unlock0NN
full0JJ
potential0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.421903324733711
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
fundamental0JJ
unlock0NN
full0.0410992516792148JJ
potential0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.420382072371181
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
fundamental0JJ
unlock0NN
full0.030745604615229JJ
potential0.0454743001434393NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.270993058793076
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
fundamental0JJ
unlock0NN
full0JJ
potential0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

Water supply quantity and quality at the place where the user needs it must be reliable and predictable to support financially sustainable investments in economic activities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.701415696626191
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.0209983814716066NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
investment0NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359044534199397
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.00833571598658786NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
investment0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.265722892278954
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
quality0NN
user0NN
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.0188084899376888NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
investment0.0383371018038178NN
economic0JJ
activity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.240783905812821
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
user0NN
reliable0JJ
predictable0JJ
support0.024730129581725NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
investment0.0252035516550537NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

This requires both hard and soft infrastructure that is financed operated and reliably maintained

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.671166545781157
WordScorePoS
require0.0260040237236563VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.399815379552725
WordScorePoS
require0.0468670845659596VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
finance0NN
operate0.0542519672965169VB
maintain0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.320755743152285
WordScorePoS
require0.104282800328615VB
infrastructure0NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.3188352163859
WordScorePoS
require0VB
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
finance0NN
operate0VB
maintain0.0881366997038154VB

In addition infrastructure to reduce risk of water scarcity and to manage water related disasters such as floods and droughts can make country development efforts more sustainable by reducing the vulnerability and or increasing the resilience of economies to extreme events Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.782904459485887
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
risk0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
manage0VB
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
drought0.041835863322702NN
country0NN
development0NN
effort0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
vulnerability0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
resilience0NN
economy0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.357631186453435
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
infrastructure0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
risk0.0519476926891779NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
manage0VB
related0.0184786920895884JJ
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
flood0NN
drought0NN
country0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
effort0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
increase0NN
resilience0.0614198493690006NN
economy0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242140089231988
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
risk0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
manage0VB
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
flood0NN
drought0NN
country0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
effort0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
vulnerability0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
resilience0NN
economy0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.223459573117268
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
risk0.0631828116343571NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
scarcity0NN
manage0VB
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
flood0NN
drought0NN
country0NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
effort0.0229054731708393NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
vulnerability0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
resilience0.0373517915079663NN
economy0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.187732001960283
WordScorePoS
addition0.0368585655748969NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
reduce0VB
risk0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
scarcity0NN
manage0VB
related0.00925008066007716JJ
disaster0NN
flood0NN
drought0NN
country0NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
effort0.0188543197850406NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
vulnerability0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
resilience0NN
economy0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Facilitating structural change Over the long term water development benefits spill over into the entire economy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.616543473977808
WordScorePoS
facilitate0VB
change0NN
term0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
development0NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.539145178026284
WordScorePoS
facilitate0VB
change0.402565546215053NN
term0NN
water0NN
development0NN
benefit0NN
economy0.0839946104936743NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.24142279689931
WordScorePoS
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
change0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
water0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.231812912224122
WordScorePoS
facilitate0VB
change0NN
term0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
development0.022306853314744NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.328085781059099
WordScorePoS
facilitate0.0528748274225028VB
change0.105749654845006NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
water0NN
development0NN
benefit0NN
economy0.0625160381065121NN

Wise investment in water infrastructure and sound water management are both essential to facilitate the structural changes that are Water development benefits spill over into the entire economy over the long term necessary in many developing and intermediate economies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842065547148859
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
sound0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
facilitate0VB
development0NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN
term0NN
develop0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321066064556747
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
sound0.0234335422829798NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
essential0JJ
facilitate0VB
development0.022306853314744NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN
term0NN
develop0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.230293684560186
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
sound0.0520080474473126NN
management0NN
essential0JJ
facilitate0.0260040237236563VB
development0.0330049940546426NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
economy0NN
term0NN
develop0VB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.157662158813451
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
water0NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
sound0.0211360962287062NN
management0NN
essential0JJ
facilitate0.0211360962287062VB
development0.0469463607292177NN
benefit0NN
economy0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
develop0VB

In rural areas irrigation can be pre condition for modernized agriculture paving the way for industry by facilitating the accumulation of capital that allows surplus investments Box

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.660028974365668
WordScorePoS
rural0.148975141598503JJ
irrigation0NN
condition0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN
facilitate0.0252000451111224VB
investment0.0182713919265625NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.562717515728525
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
condition0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
facilitate0.0260040237236563VB
investment0.0377086395700813NN

When favoured by enabling social and political conditions better living conditions can translate into new and heightened income opportunities

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.580399053187219
WordScorePoS
enable0VB
social0.101310366625194JJ
political0.0792212041430275JJ
condition0NN
live0.0159075630937118VB
income0.166475342664294NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.502839021890885
WordScorePoS
enable0VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
political0JJ
condition0.121575732851624NN
live0.00989353561471291VB
income0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.342245894911281
WordScorePoS
enable0VB
social0.112994637345193JJ
political0JJ
condition0NN
live0.0739258553811849VB
income0.0442083771593746NN
opportunity0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.306838047634368
WordScorePoS
enable0.0465610847355851VB
social0.0285529457667019JJ
political0.111637082206855JJ
condition0NN
live0VB
income0NN
opportunity0.02046578088155NN

These in turn generate the savings required to foster capital accumulation with further improvements in infrastructure health and education Opportunities for water investments to facilitate economic growth The expansion of irrigated agriculture in the and in Asia saw doubling of cereal production and increase in calories available per person

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.415415857053667
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
health0NN
education0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
person0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.40499201671347
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0.104282800328615VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0NN
health0NN
education0.0150723186962745NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
water0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
facilitate0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
person0.0295821503613099NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.386498806112091
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0.0260040237236563VB
foster0.0454743001434393JJ
improvement0.0454743001434393NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
health0.0377086395700813NN
education0.022550656390892NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
facilitate0.0260040237236563VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
person0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.339024097557412
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0.0468670845659596VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
opportunity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
person0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.262872748042071
WordScorePoS
generate0.0440683498519077VB
require0VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
health0NN
education0NN
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN
water0NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
facilitate0.0252000451111224VB
economic0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
person0.0214456704626236NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.193255345931505
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0NN
health0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
opportunity0NN
water0NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0NN
increase0.0144029596227568NN
person0.0299609328954485NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.173646152116361
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
require0VB
foster0JJ
improvement0NN
infrastructure0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
opportunity0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN
expansion0NN
agriculture0NN
asia0IN
double0RB
cereal0NN
production0NN
increase0.0143984997539974NN
person0NN

Investment in water supply and irrigation can produce high economic rates of return as measured by benefit cost ratios and compare well with those in other sectors of infrastructure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.61334628994568
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
produce0VB
economic0JJ
rate0NN
return0NN
measure0NN
benefit0NN
cost0NN
ratio0NN
compare0VB
sector0.0214003646985842NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.371231295729584
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
supply0NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
produce0VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
rate0NN
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measure0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
cost0NN
ratio0NN
compare0VB
sector0.0565629593551219NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353508951697023
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
irrigation0NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
rate0NN
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measure0NN
benefit0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
ratio0NN
compare0VB
sector0.0169905820958638NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.185428349378508
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
supply0NN
irrigation0NN
produce0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
rate0NN
return0NN
measure0.0347609334428716NN
benefit0NN
cost0NN
ratio0NN
compare0VB
sector0.0252035516550537NN
infrastructure0NN

Groundwater development has brought major socio economic benefits to rural communities and in many countries has helped to alleviate agrarian poverty through increasing food security

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.650932684171744
WordScorePoS
development0.0159922815774215NN
bring0VB
major0JJ
economic0JJ
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
community0.0182713919265625NN
country0NN
help0NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.395623238055545
WordScorePoS
development0.0164833460638534NN
bring0VB
major0JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN
rural0JJ
community0NN
country0NN
help0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
increase0NN
food0NN
security0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.357419896637449
WordScorePoS
development0.022306853314744NN
bring0VB
major0JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
benefit0NN
rural0JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN
country0NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.242851053935091
WordScorePoS
development0.0055149369084567NN
bring0VB
major0.0214106369326177JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
rural0JJ
community0NN
country0NN
help0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
food0NN
security0NN

According to the GWP In South Asia the groundwater boom has also largely been pro poor with marginal farmers of holdings smaller than two hectares increasing their groundwater irrigated area by three times more proportionally than farmers with more than ten hectares of land

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.72944742491495
WordScorePoS
south0RB
asia0IN
poor0.016202004209163JJ
farmer0NN
hectare0.206935959588465NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
time0.016202004209163NN
land0.123873694868802NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.610084201897154
WordScorePoS
south0RB
asia0IN
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
farmer0.175025014152344NN
hectare0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
time0.0182713919265625NN
land0.0465651203624806NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.230912792091073
WordScorePoS
south0RB
asia0IN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
farmer0NN
hectare0NN
increase0NN
time0NN
land0.0319966432858631NN

Smallholder farmers in sub Saharan Africa and South Asia are increasingly using small scale irrigation to cultivate their land and examples show it is leading to improved yields and reduced risks from climate variability Giordano et al

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.617245205759607
WordScorePoS
smallholder0.0583416713841148NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
africa0IN
south0RB
asia0IN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
irrigation0NN
cultivate0.0583416713841148VB
land0.0465651203624806NN
lead0NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
yield0NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
risk0.0252000451111224NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.492660018000347
WordScorePoS
smallholder0NN
farmer0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
south0RB
asia0IN
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
cultivate0VB
land0NN
lead0NN
improve0.0102677744436108VB
yield0.0828215106044499NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
risk0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN

Irrigated systems will increasingly require greater storage capacity to respond to variability in rainfall and more frequent and intense droughts

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.613561978666762
WordScorePoS
system0.0756001353333673NN
require0VB
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Quick and Winpenny have found that In Madhya Pradesh incomes of farmers who constructed on farm ponds to irrigate pulses and wheat have risen by over as result they have also been able to improve and expand their livestock herds

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.849471460959143
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.271706218316759
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
farmer0NN
farm0NN
wheat0NN
rise0.0237821918091848NN
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improve0.0121171980355011VB
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In Tanzania half of the dry season cash incomes of smallholders come from growing irrigated vegetables

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.705754600273421
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
smallholder0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.48056236252983
WordScorePoS
income0.0643370113878709NN
smallholder0.0583416713841148NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.441536407507859
WordScorePoS
income0.110649350233433NN
smallholder0NN
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WWDR Economic development that widen the potential opportunities for production and reinforce the gains of progress

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.513852575025947
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
potential0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
reinforce0VB
gain0NN
progress0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.461107497057876
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
potential0NN
opportunity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.303173173439324
WordScorePoS
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
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production0.0188543197850406NN
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economic benefits of investing in basic water services have direct correlation with poverty alleviation see Chapters and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.623355736762853
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
direct0JJ
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.50714854520215
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
water0NN
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direct0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28172194401442
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
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basic0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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direct0JJ
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.258672230882094
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
water0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
direct0JJ
poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Basic provision of water and sanitation services is required to unlock the potential of economic growth particularly to break the vicious cycle of low productivity linked to poor health and lack of educational opportunities that maintains poverty and economic stagnation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.558676601982571
WordScorePoS
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
provision0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
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require0VB
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
cycle0NN
productivity0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
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lack0.0214003646985842NN
educational0.0683326727248364JJ
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
maintain0VB
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.435980380016679
WordScorePoS
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
provision0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
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potential0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
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cycle0NN
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poor0.150659516460257JJ
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opportunity0NN
maintain0VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.403821420337886
WordScorePoS
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
provision0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
require0.104282800328615VB
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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productivity0.0410992516792148NN
poor0JJ
health0NN
lack0.0252035516550537NN
educational0JJ
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
maintain0VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.272470496498304
WordScorePoS
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
provision0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
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productivity0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
lack0NN
educational0JJ
opportunity0NN
maintain0VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.153534653429512
WordScorePoS
basic0JJ
provision0.0249430985430622NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
require0VB
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
cycle0NN
productivity0NN
poor0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
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educational0JJ
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poverty0.00914534810831654NN

Gains in terms of time saving improved health and more effective learning demonstrate that improve access to water and sanitation is one of the more labour saving solutions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.741412595934781
WordScorePoS
gain0.041835863322702NN
term0NN
time0NN
save0IN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
health0NN
effective0JJ
learn0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
labour0NN
solution0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.437319277560414
WordScorePoS
gain0NN
term0NN
time0NN
save0IN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
health0NN
effective0.0180650490434051JJ
learn0VB
access0.00344404437204141NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
labour0.563335368206862NN
solution0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.248281622258477
WordScorePoS
gain0NN
term0NN
time0NN
save0IN
improve0.0305306222517556VB
health0NN
effective0.0365927233505197JJ
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access0.00697628678506322NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
labour0NN
solution0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.218037843443348
WordScorePoS
gain0.0664302389559493NN
term0NN
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health0.0339811641917276NN
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access0.00232174891244877NN
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sanitation0NN
labour0NN
solution0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.200967962088503
WordScorePoS
gain0NN
term0NN
time0.0127591822694525NN
save0IN
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health0.191387734041787NN
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access0.00610236075888593NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
labour0NN
solution0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.15044161720038
WordScorePoS
gain0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
time0NN
save0IN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
health0NN
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
learn0VB
access0.00314118376811005NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
labour0NN
solution0NN

It has the twin effect of freeing resources for the production of food and other goods and services and expanding the productive potential of the economy by indirectly enhancing human capital

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.596019258627556
WordScorePoS
effect0.0440683498519077NN
free0JJ
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indirectly0RB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.438994837405807
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
free0.0332151194779746JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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potential0NN
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indirectly0RB
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human0.0101607690729067JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.353708222831403
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
free0JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
food0NN
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indirectly0RB
enhance0.0123650647908625VB
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Not surprisingly the demonstrated Using Albert Hirschman terms one can say that the backward linkages of increased water supplies at affordable prices serve to foster further economic advances in many productive areas of the economy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.639634558385094
WordScorePoS
term0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
price0NN
serve0VB
foster0JJ
economic0JJ
advance0NN
productive0JJ
economy0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.344755922068592
WordScorePoS
term0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
affordable0JJ
price0NN
serve0VB
foster0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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productive0.0985415302158139JJ
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.291542153957771
WordScorePoS
term0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
affordable0JJ
price0NN
serve0VB
foster0JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
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productive0JJ
economy0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.208259343834178
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
affordable0JJ
price0NN
serve0VB
foster0.036961556179878JJ
economic0JJ
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productive0JJ
economy0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.319209632507565
WordScorePoS
term0.0749457204978913NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
affordable0.0766742036076356JJ
price0NN
serve0VB
foster0JJ
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advance0.0625160381065121NN
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economy0.0625160381065121NN

In turn higher production means more income opportunities that enhance expenditure in health and education and many other goods and services reinforcing self sustained dynamic of economic development

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.45602657644005
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.274738931022869
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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education0.244244978014045NN
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development0.0279277626235394NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.270264814659082
WordScorePoS
production0.0504071033101074NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.227162975305401
WordScorePoS
production0NN
means0NNS
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development0.00837573444202498NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.426003487628019
WordScorePoS
production0.0188543197850406NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.365722627292736
WordScorePoS
production0NN
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BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Investment challenges Success of water investments can be measured by the sustainable economic progress and development to which it Investing in water infrastructure When damages avoided become main benefits In Kenya the floods cost the country at least US million of GDP and the drought cost at least US

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.734812301469232
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
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flood0.041835863322702NN
cost0NN
country0NN
gdp0NN
drought0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.32623858451083
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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benefit0NN
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cost0.0277064208763707NN
country0NN
gdp0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.281100101400767
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
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cost0NN
country0NN
gdp0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.193326467452037
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
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invest0VB
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billion year of GDP

Label: 14, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
gdp0.0531983120572613NN

On average the country experiences flood that costs about

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.697232321895919
WordScorePoS
average0.1656430212089NN
country0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.65269039047027
WordScorePoS
average0.146608885563018NN
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of GDP every seven years and drought that costs it about of GDP every five years

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.603139015918068
WordScorePoS
gdp0.0531983120572613NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.404966188742204
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.3746067703017
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
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cost0.0660824365173543NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.359100386053857
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.311190196948785
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
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cost0.0548954478802642NN

This translates to direct long term fiscal liability of about

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.729918872987601
WordScorePoS
direct0.0299586785922821JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.584412578336604
WordScorePoS
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fiscal0.064698038783335JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.304331935472155
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
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GDP per annum

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.834209666218442
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
annum0.0804764811724088NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.55144739802425
WordScorePoS
gdp0.0531983120572613NN
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This means that Kenya GDP annually should grow at rate of at least to in order to start reducing poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.884513579164264
WordScorePoS
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rate0.0639932865717261NN
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In good year in Kenya real GDP growth was

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.832036872441293
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.445936941726253
WordScorePoS
gdp0NN
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SIWI

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

In Pakistan three years of repeated floods in and inflicted serious damage on the national economy halving its potential economic growth

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.742152911931746
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
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economy0.0821985033584295NN
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potential0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.391266807114619
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
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The economy grew on average at rate of

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.701395944653017
WordScorePoS
economy0.0839946104936743NN
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average0.1656430212089NN
rate0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.537194546906447
WordScorePoS
economy0NN
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per year during this period

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.732307881624328
WordScorePoS
period0.0440683498519077NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.680973690028395
WordScorePoS
period0.0409791940864438NN

That is less than half the rate of

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.596643111610239
WordScorePoS
rate0.0639932865717261NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.533263939475719
WordScorePoS
rate0.0571955184484387NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.404232186042173
WordScorePoS
rate0.0433561464459019NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.303645839941113
WordScorePoS
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that Pakistan could potentially have achieved if it had not faced economic and human losses associated with flooding

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.423217081281257
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.466770746763298
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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human0.011275328195446JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.324270339060207
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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face0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
human0JJ
loss0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.308507421684841
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308503061715208
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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Pakistan lost total of lives and US billion to the floods

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.569936693762569
WordScorePoS
lose0.0781544824456958VB
total0NN
life0.00794883334420673NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.508046976230207
WordScorePoS
lose0.0440683498519077VB
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flood0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347808318328913
WordScorePoS
lose0VB
total0.0468670845659596NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
flood0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.346884456183419
WordScorePoS
lose0VB
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flood0NN

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An initial estimate made by the National Disaster Management Authority of the floods impact shows agriculture sector losses at US billion due to damages to

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.425859354334273
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.387644273026317
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396071465788502
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.389852856235712
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.364923459592532
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million acres of standing crops

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.612066265221509
WordScorePoS
crop0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.575154876981113
WordScorePoS
crop0.0335649154577099NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.542744649409493
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Consecutive years of flooding have also pushed up the country inflation and unemployment rate because the flooding has disrupted supply chains damaged major crops like sugarcane rice and cotton and hampered industrial production Government of Pakistan

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.624844870883321
WordScorePoS
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industrial0.318320101004075JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.425051969253713
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BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Investing in water wise policy option that good for business Analysis of Africa irrigation needs demonstrates an attractive internal rate of return ranging from in central Africa for large scale irrigation to for small scale irrigation in the Sahel

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.766803460381563
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267581279273511
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.417150407708649
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The average economic rates of return for both water supply and irrigation projects compare well with those in infrastructure investments in other sectors according to Foster and BriceñoGarmendia who present this table showing economic rates of return for infrastructure projects in sub Saharan Africa percentages Railway rehabilitation Irrigation Road rehabilitation Road upgrades Road maintenance Power generation Water supply

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.63771201858729
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.464914079887628
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.384880735652948
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.176268011522893
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.147849663384138
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.11849887747794
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Source Table extracted from Foster and Briceño Garmendia Table

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

World Bank

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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.375629786620639
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https openknowledge

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worldbank

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org handle License CC BY

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

IGO

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chapter WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Dhay the first recipient of an urban micro credit scheme PPAF for women in Pakistan Photo Caroline Suzman World Bank contributes overall but water challenges are context specific

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.768598909331965
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.357757648279275
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.349244092650832
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.170461433470591
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.165903794914281
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Some countries may give priority to investments in infrastructure for hydropower and irrigation for economic growth

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.572125014230319
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.526622498506786
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.371675808075475
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However poor attention to water availability and protection of critical water sources may mean that these investments perform BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.887685023281816
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.282745988526245
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.234477119633568
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below expectations

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

In other cases technologies and financial resources to invest in water infrastructure might be available while the institutional capability is lacking leading to poor or non existent service provision

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.579503432317565
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.491829162271972
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.325235071807571
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297135392221868
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In other instances the social benefits of water infrastructure might be self evident but the Still many opportunities to do more with less Agriculture which accounts for of global freshwater withdrawals offers some of the best opportunities to take advantage of enhanced water efficiency to improve productivity and reduce poverty

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732157115503036
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.31243361785142
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.288668288246562
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.247337198523133
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.21698389887547
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.200061756582007
WordScorePoS
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On farm water balance analysis indicates that in savannah farming systems in sub Saharan Africa less than of rainfall is used as productive transpiration by crops

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.783000229006946
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.553146226543771
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.185800284535555
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Thus crop failures commonly blamed on drought might be prevented in many cases through better farm level water management Rockström et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.737921250535506
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.494804536623218
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.25757017474793
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In sub Saharan Africa agricultural productivity can improve with little impact on water resources FAO through combination of sound agricultural practices and links to inputs credit and markets combined with weather insurance schemes

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.646452824959876
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.484237130299281
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324129826307403
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.312202432510744
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These measures are ways of producing more with less

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.596748160244179
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.494645683134097
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.408040965563036
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.374147636786758
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They offer outstanding opportunities to reconcile economic growth with the recovery and adequate protection of water resources Quick and Winpenny

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.605735998208157
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.381726280088059
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.292399989896981
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.392731966998557
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.307131981753485
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water0NN
resource0NN

More radical improvements in crop per drop can be realized by the adoption of aerobic rice production in place of paddy field rice and the use of System of Rice Intensification cultivation and other agro ecological methods not only for rice but also for other crops Africare Oxfam America and WWF ICRISAT

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWDR Economic development potential beneficiaries of these services might not have the ability to pay for their provision or policymakers may not be willing to charge for them

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.56510586146892
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
potential0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
ability0.0607878664258118NN
pay0.0695218668857431NN
provision0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.481922361541527
WordScorePoS
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
potential0NN
service0.022416649027415NN
ability0NN
pay0.078760887431929NN
provision0.0558185411034276NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.312139709443484
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
potential0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
ability0NN
pay0.02794560829783NN
provision0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.311976387711115
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
potential0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
ability0NN
pay0NN
provision0NN

Scarcity of capital in some contexts forces reliance on low capital cost

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.890468768506613
WordScorePoS
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
context0NN
force0NN
cost0NN

On the other hand high running cost solutions might make water unaffordable for the poor

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.870379338267798
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
solution0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348628230589232
WordScorePoS
cost0.0277064208763707NN
solution0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.211293418540957
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
solution0NN
water0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ

Water management can be highly capital intensive

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.900387485975037
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
highly0RB
intensive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.331895875010605
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
highly0RB
intensive0JJ

Capital intensity results in economies of scale and low running costs

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.688337620514652
WordScorePoS
intensity0.122412709674631NN
result0NN
economy0.0625160381065121NN
scale0NN
cost0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.41685713023335
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
result0NN
economy0.0839946104936743NN
scale0NN
cost0.0279982034978914NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.30595741814338
WordScorePoS
intensity0NN
result0NN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
scale0NN
cost0NN

Many countries face very practical problems with the lack of availability of capital and the cost of capital

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.486865462534151
WordScorePoS
country0NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
availability0NN
cost0NN

That availability is in turn dependent upon the ability to recover that capital

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.68966320249576
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
ability0.0607878664258118NN

Economic opportunities from improved water efficiency BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79739922336506
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.319920767304927
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
opportunity0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.252158523029063
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.247861373650526
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
water0NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN

Water challenges and water development priorities change over time

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832073005998599
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
challenge0NN
development0NN
priority0NN
change0NN
time0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.339515170327388
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
challenge0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
change0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.318711035455324
WordScorePoS
water0NN
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
development0NN
priority0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
time0NN

The outstanding benefits of water as means to pave the way out of poverty suggest placing Trade offs in water and production To avoid solving one problem by worsening another it is essential to understand how different areas of the economy are linked through water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.877145642844767
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
means0NNS
poverty0NN
suggest0VB
trade0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
avoid0VB
worsen0.0683326727248364VB
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
economy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340125338961555
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
means0NNS
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
suggest0VB
trade0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
avoid0VB
worsen0VB
essential0JJ
economy0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.191859813534258
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
water0NN
means0.120266261535276NNS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
suggest0VB
trade0NN
production0NN
avoid0VB
worsen0VB
essential0JJ
economy0NN

In spite of outstanding advances in water provision in the last decades over of wastewater worldwide and or more in developing countries is not collected or treated and urban settlements are the main source of pollution WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.78798200473253
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
provision0NN
decade0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
worldwide0RB
develop0VB
country0NN
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.529466969993398
WordScorePoS
advance0.0373517915079663NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
provision0NN
decade0.055245183797332NN
wastewater0NN
worldwide0RB
develop0VB
country0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN
source0NN
pollution0.0315914058171786NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.212712039411375
WordScorePoS
advance0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
provision0NN
decade0NN
wastewater0NN
worldwide0RB
develop0VB
country0NN
urban0JJ
settlement0NN
source0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Effluent from industry is causing pollution to downstream surface waters and aquifers and major health threats to people Bahri

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.799724287792127
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
cause0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
surface0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
major0JJ
health0NN
threat0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.300774989538075
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
cause0NN
pollution0NN
surface0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
aquifer0NN
major0.0160169090870187JJ
health0.0377086395700813NN
threat0NN
people0.0186171553883251NNS

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.271467721535113
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
cause0NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
surface0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
aquifer0NN
major0.0108390366114755JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
threat0NN
people0.00539943740774902NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.264043105229685
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
cause0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
surface0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
aquifer0NN
major0JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
threat0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS

Small scale industries such as agro processors textile dyeing and tanneries can release toxic pollutants into local waters WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.826907881418869
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
industry0NN
agro0IN
textile0NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.418161866925716
WordScorePoS
scale0.0368585655748969NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
agro0IN
textile0.0602029956716497NN
release0NN
local0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.319971319236125
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
industry0NN
agro0IN
textile0NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Land use change from urban and rural development can exacerbate soil erosion reduce soil water holding capacity and decrease the recharge of groundwater and existing surface water storage capacity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.692469944971102
WordScorePoS
land0NN
change0NN
urban0JJ
rural0JJ
development0NN
soil0NN
erosion0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
hold0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
decrease0NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
exist0VB
surface0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.369334856282418
WordScorePoS
land0.0389167984372011NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
soil0NN
erosion0NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
hold0NN
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
decrease0.0731385760866977NN
recharge0VB
exist0.04477822029736VB
surface0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.339258718149666
WordScorePoS
land0.0144336476662975NN
change0NN
urban0JJ
rural0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
erosion0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
hold0NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
exist0.0332151194779746VB
surface0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.280315810894565
WordScorePoS
land0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
urban0JJ
rural0JJ
development0NN
soil0NN
erosion0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
water0NN
hold0NN
capacity0.025270503924109NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
exist0VB
surface0.0335649154577099NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.257302478375406
WordScorePoS
land0.0465651203624806NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
urban0JJ
rural0.148975141598503JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
soil0.0595900566394012NN
erosion0NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
water0NN
hold0NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
exist0VB
surface0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.125228431994816
WordScorePoS
land0.024255976440725NN
change0NN
urban0JJ
rural0JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
soil0NN
erosion0NN
reduce0VB
water0NN
hold0.18234260265061NN
capacity0NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
exist0VB
surface0NN

It does so through siltation and sedimentation of rivers and reservoirs that subsequently results in water scarcity over time

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.970445891278254
WordScorePoS
river0.206460189193271NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
time0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.215140127119449
WordScorePoS
river0.0409791940864438NN
result0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN

Land use change may involve the loss of wetlands yet the importance of wetlands in regulating flood and drought risk is well understood WWAP

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.564666028285538
WordScorePoS
land0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
involve0VB
loss0.0236803262479443NN
wetland0NN
regulate0VB
flood0NN
drought0NN
risk0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.571128699608391
WordScorePoS
land0.123873694868802NN
change0.0446918591208085NN
involve0VB
loss0.0670377886812128NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
regulate0VB
flood0.0316735178673487NN
drought0.0633470357346975NN
risk0.0223459295604043NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.337176480596898
WordScorePoS
land0.0465651203624806NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
involve0VB
loss0NN
wetland0NN
regulate0VB
flood0.0357189919948307NN
drought0.0714379839896614NN
risk0.0252000451111224NN

There is also link between deforestation and increasing flood risk which has been observed at the micro level and over particular catchments

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.713307665773478
WordScorePoS
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN
risk0.0223459295604043NN
micro0.0390772412228479JJ
level0.00489845440032415NN

Deforestation results in degradation and desertification of watersheds and catchment areas and reduces the amount of usable safe water available downstream FAO

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.697769729208418
WordScorePoS
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
result0NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
desertification0.41387191917693NN
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
amount0NN
safe0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.61956843887093
WordScorePoS
deforestation0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
degradation0NN
desertification0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
amount0NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.282686497358722
WordScorePoS
deforestation0NN
result0NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
desertification0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
amount0NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Water development might come along with other costs too

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.88194628329666
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
development0NN
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375517700581714
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
development0.022306853314744NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN

It may increase the exposure of economic assets to drought events and may lower reserves in rivers and aquifers to compensate for rainfall deficits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.669066321251843
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
exposure0NN
economic0JJ
asset0NN
drought0.041835863322702NN
event0NN
reserve0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.230213486389671
WordScorePoS
increase0.00711043475673939NN
exposure0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
asset0NN
drought0NN
event0NN
reserve0NN
river0NN
aquifer0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.52147354657096
WordScorePoS
increase0NN
exposure0.120266261535276NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
asset0NN
drought0NN
event0.0908430554521382NN
reserve0NN
river0NN
aquifer0NN

This exposure has been recognized in recent reports in the United States where drought in had an impact on of farms and ranches resulting in crop losses in excess of US billion and wide range of ripple effects

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.701459810905396
WordScorePoS
exposure0NN
recognize0VB
report0NN
unite0VB
drought0.0714379839896614NN
impact0NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
result0NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
loss0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
effect0.0440683498519077NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.409852241830157
WordScorePoS
exposure0NN
recognize0VB
report0NN
unite0.0828215106044499VB
drought0NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
farm0NN
result0NN
crop0.0335649154577099NN
loss0.0236803262479443NN
wide0.0414107553022249JJ
range0.0335649154577099NN
effect0NN

According to the National Drought Forum Corn crops were greatly reduced due to lack of rainfall affecting food and livestock feed supplies and prices as well as corn ethanol production

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.702063896913661
WordScorePoS
national0.00399807039435538JJ
drought0.0714379839896614NN
forum0NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
due0JJ
lack0NN
affect0VB
food0.292342270824999NN
livestock0.0583416713841148NN
supplies0NNS
price0.0583416713841148NN
production0.0548141757796873NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.452408214306659
WordScorePoS
national0.00743561777158133JJ
drought0NN
forum0NN
crop0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
due0.0234335422829798JJ
lack0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
food0.186896403054502NN
livestock0NN
supplies0NNS
price0NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Power plants had to scale back operations or even shut down because the water temperatures of many rivers lakes and estuaries had increased to the point where they could not be used for cooling

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882646837032067
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0NN
scale0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
temperature0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
lake0.103230094596636NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280824875678594
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0NN
scale0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
temperature0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
lake0.0409791940864438NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.22348203304604
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0NN
scale0NN
water0NN
temperature0.207053776511125NN
river0NN
lake0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.182358511700611
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
water0NN
temperature0NN
river0NN
lake0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN

Household municipal and farm wells in the Midwest had to be extended deeper into aquifers to make up for the lack of rainfall draining groundwater supplies and demanding more electricity to run the pumps

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.750158227302975
WordScorePoS
household0.0297950283197006NN
municipal0JJ
farm0.291708356920574NN
extend0VB
aquifer0NN
lack0NN
supplies0NNS
demand0.0297950283197006NN
electricity0.0297950283197006NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.379835665334537
WordScorePoS
household0NN
municipal0JJ
farm0NN
extend0VB
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
supplies0NNS
demand0NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.333025248854231
WordScorePoS
household0NN
municipal0.0731385760866977JJ
farm0NN
extend0VB
aquifer0NN
lack0.0229054731708393NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
demand0NN
electricity0NN

The full costs are estimated to be as high as US billion

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.507986177638192
WordScorePoS
full0.020806307400253JJ
cost0NN
estimate0.059903311017139NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.415922723879904
WordScorePoS
full0JJ
cost0.0660824365173543NN
estimate0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.345511839669693
WordScorePoS
full0JJ
cost0.0548954478802642NN
estimate0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.332798132254874
WordScorePoS
full0.030745604615229JJ
cost0NN
estimate0.0221298700466866NN

BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Investing in protecting water resources Measures of improved water resource management have shown considerable economic gains

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.797466485655543
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protect0.0153390539205676VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
measure0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
economic0JJ
gain0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.380455366992586
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protect0.0121782716594324VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
measure0NN
improve0VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
gain0.0664302389559493NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.13721071041016
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protect0.0180650490434051VB
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
measure0.0347609334428716NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
management0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
gain0NN

A US to US billion investment in improved water resources management in developing countries can have direct annual income returns in the range of US billion

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729895595576421
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
develop0VB
country0NN
direct0JJ
income0NN
return0NN
range0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289965589266437
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
develop0VB
country0NN
direct0JJ
income0NN
return0NN
range0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.263359695241642
WordScorePoS
investment0.0202620733250388NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
direct0.0396106020715138JJ
income0.166475342664294NN
return0NN
range0NN

Every US invested in watershed protection can save anywhere from US

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.769839936862013
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protection0.122839698738001NN
save0IN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.414140536641272
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protection0.0660824365173543NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.365628938170595
WordScorePoS
invest0.0583416713841148VB
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save0IN

to nearly US in costs for new water treatment and filtration facility SIWI

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898038952502431
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
facility0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.325924987332028
WordScorePoS
cost0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
treatment0NN
facility0NN

global economic assessment of million hectares of wetlands estimated their value at US

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.691490433947824
WordScorePoS
global0.00354525553489471JJ
economic0JJ
hectare0.206935959588465NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
estimate0.0190167691930804NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.387547317504456
WordScorePoS
global0.0220597476338268JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
hectare0NN
wetland0NN
estimate0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.30014853026336
WordScorePoS
global0.0133009891881297JJ
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hectare0NN
wetland0NN
estimate0NN

billion per year Brander and Schuyt

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

In eastern Uganda more than one third of the District of Pallisa is occupied by wetlands

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.69108804427896
WordScorePoS
eastern0JJ
occupy0.0731385760866977VB
wetland0NN

The annual value of their goods and services has been estimated to be US million for the local economy which is equivalent to US per hectare Emerton and Bos

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.675731170617873
WordScorePoS
service0.0127200410376242NN
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local0.0275274877486226JJ
economy0NN
equivalent0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.43830332588777
WordScorePoS
service0.0197870712294258NN
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local0.0214106369326177JJ
economy0.0821985033584295NN
equivalent0.049270765107907JJ
hectare0NN

Chapter WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT an emphasis on infrastructure to unlock the economic growth potential of water in the early stages of country economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.695049288597298
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337641697066521
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.330441591527538
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.29669422201062
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.284613157201949
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
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unlock0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
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Once the marginal benefits of further development decrease emphasis must gradually shift towards building human and institutional capabilities to enhance water efficiency and sustainability and secure economic and social development gains

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.549851962710632
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
development0NN
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building0.0348974218717993NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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gain0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387196087172051
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
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building0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
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capability0.0409791940864438NN
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efficiency0.039884692535803NN
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economic0.0433009429988926JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.298474662084616
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
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efficiency0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.291044140248709
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
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human0.0150723186962745JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.121474231141016
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
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human0JJ
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water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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gain0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.34405235097815
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
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human0.0273960270556257JJ
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economic0.0389167984372011JJ
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Many benefits may be gained through promotion and application of best available technologies management systems in water provision use and allocation Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.763736624211904
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334296869916178
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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and in isolation from each other can lead to water scarcity unsustainable use of resources and conflicts between users and local communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.873494865154673
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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local0.0181797964452808JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.328860601695348
WordScorePoS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
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local0.0144336476662975JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.219587977868412
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
unsustainable0JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN
user0NN
local0JJ
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For example energy options such as biofuels and hydraulic fracturing and agricultural options such as crop choice or irrigation impact directly on water scarcity and or water pollution

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.855431577795673
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
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crop0NN
choice0.0516150472983178NN
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impact0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356230309778647
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
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pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.267465198696172
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
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impact0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
pollution0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.161602774904229
WordScorePoS
energy0.0130963126055467NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
crop0.0357189919948307NN
choice0NN
irrigation0NN
impact0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
pollution0NN

This is one reason that an integrated approach to managing water resources has been adopted by the United Nations and governments in many countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.757697739649389
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
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water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
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nation0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.409240412663885
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
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water0.186896403054502NN
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adopt0.0169905820958638VB
unite0VB
nation0NN
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That approach will need to be extended Box

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.766255124003228
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
extend0.064698038783335VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.642536446389462
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
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Protecting water resources Fortunately wider adoption of best practices offers substantial efficiency gains particularly in industry where greater efficiency in water use often results in increased profitability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.802222309218057
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
adoption0NN
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offer0NN
substantial0JJ
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
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result0.0683326727248364NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.405702558541194
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
adoption0NN
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increase0.00958677785775002NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.287005371224728
WordScorePoS
protect0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
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increase0.0159575617614215NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.16902968312225
WordScorePoS
protect0VB
water0NN
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adoption0NN
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substantial0JJ
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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This emphasizes the need to increase learning as well as improve the rate of adoption and diffusion of appropriate technologies

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.685610270312149
WordScorePoS
increase0.0144029596227568NN
learn0.244520809605025VB
improve0.0305306222517556VB
rate0.0216847879059514NN
adoption0NN
diffusion0NN
technology0.0182963616752599NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.37800778532115
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
learn0VB
improve0.0229264916384433VB
rate0.0325677023224526NN
adoption0NN
diffusion0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.377583402095962
WordScorePoS
increase0.00432344066632653NN
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improve0.0183291958415182VB
rate0NN
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diffusion0.048933054487825NN
technology0.109843026967392NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.327253824802602
WordScorePoS
increase0.0159575617614215NN
learn0VB
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rate0NN
adoption0.0602029956716497NN
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Capacity for rapid learning and innovation is now key requirement for water management organizations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.749916352431763
WordScorePoS
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
rapid0JJ
learn0VB
innovation0NN
key0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
organization0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.300750083469422
WordScorePoS
capacity0NN
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learn0.244520809605025VB
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water0NN
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organization0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.281922484126903
WordScorePoS
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
rapid0JJ
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innovation0NN
key0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Intersectoral trade offs Water is an essential input to production activities and availability must be taken into account by decisionmakers in sectors such as energy and industry if not their investments by both private and public sector will be put at risk

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.514784792856305
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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input0NN
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account0.0181797964452808NN
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energy0.0153390539205676NN
industry0NN
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private0JJ
public0NN
risk0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.434904695055228
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0NN
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production0.0383371018038178NN
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account0NN
sector0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
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investment0.0383371018038178NN
private0JJ
public0NN
risk0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.40951993238974
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
essential0JJ
input0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
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availability0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
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energy0.133960988253756NN
industry0NN
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private0JJ
public0.028867295332595NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.361481797244665
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
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input0NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
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account0.0160169090870187NN
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industry0.181897200573757NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
private0.0368585655748969JJ
public0.0160169090870187NN
risk0NN

Projects in hydropower irrigation energy or urban development that are carried out simultaneously WWDR Water investments are crucial in emergent economies to ensure abundant and affordable water supplies to the economic system

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.708733617498969
WordScorePoS
project0.041835863322702NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
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urban0JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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ensure0.00936547854413134VB
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.374199154805264
WordScorePoS
project0NN
hydropower0NN
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energy0.494617163780726NN
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economy0.0625160381065121NN
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affordable0.0766742036076356JJ
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economic0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347322832120733
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
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ensure0.00743561777158133VB
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economic0.0433009429988926JJ
system0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.333567846632337
WordScorePoS
project0NN
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energy0.0492535935240667NN
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ensure0.00501208088147356VB
affordable0.0458109463416786JJ
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economic0.0389167984372011JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.129532621193418
WordScorePoS
project0NN
hydropower0NN
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energy0NN
urban0JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
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There is need however to increasingly shift the focus of such investments towards changing the way in which water and the environment more generally are valued managed and used

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.659724736836137
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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manage0VB

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.510511710487426
WordScorePoS
focus0.0279982034978914NN
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change0.402565546215053NN
water0NN
environment0NN
value0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316180838994222
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
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Water investments can help to reconcile the continuous increase in water use with the need to preserve the critical environmental assets on which the provision of water and the economy depend

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.899047825560734
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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increase0.00905621749519576NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337542710961883
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
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Any possibility of sustaining the gains of economic progress relies on investing in the protection of water related ecosystems see Chapter for maintaining the essential and varied environmental services they provide and upon which the economy depends Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.574882814169263
WordScorePoS
sustain0VB
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progress0NN
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service0.0084006124696649NN
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economy0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387670430681286
WordScorePoS
sustain0.0332151194779746VB
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water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
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environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
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provide0.0200087191734851VB
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.306726030148612
WordScorePoS
sustain0.049270765107907VB
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progress0.0591643007226199NN
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environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
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economy0.0821985033584295NN
depend0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.258984012748089
WordScorePoS
sustain0VB
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progress0NN
rely0.0316735178673487VB
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water0.016202004209163NN
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essential0.0190167691930804JJ
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service0.0127200410376242NN
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depend0.0633470357346975VB

Economic development Ecosystems UNEP | Thomas Chiramba Eric Hoa Annie Von Burg UNEP Rob Sinclair Salim Kombo Nottawasaga Institute Contributions from Peter Koefoed Bjørnsen Maija Bertule UNEP DHI Isabelle Fauconnier IUCN and Glenn Benoy International Joint Commission

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.482239961591469
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
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contribution0.0316735178673487NN
international0.00228545753063677JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.371210951448446
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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international0.00355521737836969JJ
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Context Aquatic ecosystems are at the centre of all life and all forms of development

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.511514636419628
WordScorePoS
context0NN
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centre0NN
life0NN
form0.158049144643351NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.40069722633836
WordScorePoS
context0NN
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life0.00794883334420673NN
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development0.0106357666046841NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.333461487036918
WordScorePoS
context0NN
ecosystem0NN
centre0NN
life0.0140083044329373NN
form0.100540298425703NN
development0.0124956749436837NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323840446168002
WordScorePoS
context0NN
ecosystem0NN
centre0NN
life0.0184786920895884NN
form0.0884167543187491NN
development0.0164833460638534NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.31445393460561
WordScorePoS
context0NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
centre0.0357189919948307NN
life0NN
form0.0428913409252473NN
development0.0159922815774215NN

However while economic and population growth are set to increase strain on existing water resources most economic models are yet to value the essential services provided by freshwater ecosystems mistake that often leads to unsustainable use of water resources and degradation of aquatic ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.638209756602979
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
growth0NN
set0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
strain0NN
exist0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
lead0NN
unsustainable0JJ
degradation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.4010188501135
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
set0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
strain0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
essential0JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
degradation0.0996453584339239NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.333331960105443
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
population0.0137637438743113NN
growth0NN
set0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
strain0NN
exist0VB
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
essential0.0190167691930804JJ
service0.0127200410376242NN
freshwater0.0316735178673487NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
lead0.016202004209163NN
unsustainable0JJ
degradation0.221714625071441NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.320470352570149
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
set0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
strain0NN
exist0VB
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
essential0JJ
service0.0197870712294258NN
freshwater0NN
ecosystem0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
unsustainable0JJ
degradation0.049270765107907NN

There is need to shift towards environmentally sustainable economic policies where ecosystem based management EBM takes into consideration the interconnection of ecological systems to address human impacts and meet the needs for healthy productive ecosystems

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.443112860898141
WordScorePoS
environmentally0RB
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
economic0JJ
policy0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
system0NN
human0.0193783617722719JJ
impact0.0137637438743113NN
meet0VB
healthy0JJ
productive0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.347099888626921
WordScorePoS
environmentally0RB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
policy0.0452169560888236NN
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
system0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
impact0NN
meet0VB
healthy0JJ
productive0.0985415302158139JJ

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.393732173507444
WordScorePoS
environmentally0RB
sustainable0.0068299711135629JJ
economic0.0141533244035107JJ
policy0NN
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
base0.058665107245718NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
system0.0229784274580034NN
human0.0199268631468397JJ
impact0.042459973210532NN
meet0VB
healthy0.0401833161726777JJ
productive0.0325700316331562JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.341362551596274
WordScorePoS
environmentally0RB
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
economic0JJ
policy0NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
base0NN
management0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
human0JJ
impact0NN
meet0.0881366997038154VB
healthy0JJ
productive0.0714379839896614JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327331327528177
WordScorePoS
environmentally0RB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
system0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
meet0VB
healthy0JJ
productive0JJ

EBM needs to be part of the solution to ensure green economy and sustainable development

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.585514375789373
WordScorePoS
solution0.0671298309154199NN
ensure0VB
green0.0335649154577099JJ
economy0.0839946104936743NN
sustainable0JJ
development0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.311192677031613
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
ensure0.0251662980592747VB
green0JJ
economy0.0625160381065121NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN

UNEP has developed working definition of green economy as one that results in improved human well being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.575667941768578
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
definition0NN
green0JJ
economy0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
human0.0127979231406811JJ
social0JJ
significantly0RB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
environmental0JJ
risk0NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.479794858510765
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
definition0.120266261535276NN
green0JJ
economy0NN
result0NN
improve0VB
human0JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
significantly0RB
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
risk0.0519476926891779NN
scarcity0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.391689257465416
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
definition0NN
green0.04477822029736JJ
economy0NN
result0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
human0.0273960270556257JJ
social0.0458109463416786JJ
significantly0RB
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
risk0.0631828116343571NN
scarcity0NN

In its simplest expression green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon resource efficient and socially inclusive

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.452206064427678
WordScorePoS
green0.04477822029736JJ
economy0NN
carbon0.0373517915079663NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
efficient0JJ
socially0RB
inclusive0.0583751976558017JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.447187908609284
WordScorePoS
green0.0332151194779746JJ
economy0NN
carbon0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
socially0RB
inclusive0JJ

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.423190381396666
WordScorePoS
green0.0335649154577099JJ
economy0.0839946104936743NN
carbon0.0559964069957828NN
resource0NN
efficient0JJ
socially0RB
inclusive0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.304872159199041
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
economy0.0625160381065121NN
carbon0.0625160381065121NN
resource0NN
efficient0JJ
socially0RB
inclusive0JJ

BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Healthy ecosystems are required for continuous supply of water and other services vital for human well being and development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.767568998381424
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
require0VB
supply0.0590310971343993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
vital0JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.422450763618706
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
supply0.0703006268489394NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
vital0JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.24814339404088
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
require0VB
supply0.0223459295604043NN
water0.016202004209163NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
vital0JJ
human0.0193783617722719JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN

According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MEA ecosystem services comprise four main categories provisioning e

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.772298633114597
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
provision0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.465809252661721
WordScorePoS
millennium0.0911713013253052JJ
ecosystem0NN
service0.022416649027415NN
provision0.0558185411034276NN

clean water regulating e

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901455540667422
WordScorePoS
clean0.0348974218717993JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
regulate0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284926147343484
WordScorePoS
clean0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
regulate0VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.190613126777753
WordScorePoS
clean0.125032076213024JJ
water0NN
regulate0VB

flow regulation and flood control cultural e

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.66184349997482
WordScorePoS
flow0.0488696285210061NN
regulation0.0977392570420122NN
flood0NN
control0NN
cultural0JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.366534057282809
WordScorePoS
flow0.0811931365363091NN
regulation0NN
flood0NN
control0NN
cultural0JJ

recreation and supporting e

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.619053233684122
WordScorePoS
support0.0451108483130998NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.380814763538609
WordScorePoS
support0.0277502419802315NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.339369957770192
WordScorePoS
support0.024730129581725NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.308425953972059
WordScorePoS
support0.0224752180723703NN

habitat for aquatic species

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.945872473360394
WordScorePoS
habitat0.0390772412228479NN
species0.285061660806139NNS

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.307345044945343
WordScorePoS
habitat0.0401833161726777NN
species0.0651400632663124NNS

Different ecosystems provide different services

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.791974090577998
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
service0.0127200410376242NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.306024770065746
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
service0.0443555132287109NN

Wetlands for instance attenuate floods store water and provide other direct economic benefits such as fisheries and tourism

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.728498452871502
WordScorePoS
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
water0.556409482163189NN
provide0VB
direct0JJ
economic0JJ
benefit0NN
fishery0NN
tourism0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.378399758321239
WordScorePoS
wetland0NN
flood0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
provide0.00654003986398914VB
direct0JJ
economic0.0141533244035107JJ
benefit0.0229784274580034NN
fishery0.227990221432093NN
tourism0.0325700316331562NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317717307995803
WordScorePoS
wetland0NN
flood0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
direct0JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
benefit0NN
fishery0NN
tourism0.0332151194779746NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.199241826203021
WordScorePoS
wetland0NN
flood0NN
water0NN
provide0VB
direct0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
fishery0NN
tourism0.049270765107907NN

As Box

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

illustrates healthy ecosystem provides key services to maintain environmental economic and social well being

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.36807947025184
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
key0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
maintain0VB
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.321950964306975
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
key0.0528409850971592NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
maintain0VB
environmental0JJ
economic0JJ
social0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.479851946843867
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
key0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
maintain0VB
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.381114870313182
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
key0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
maintain0VB
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.35594682985141
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
key0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
social0.0458109463416786JJ

Another example is forested highlands which have key role in recharging aquifers and ensuring clean water flows for agriculture hydropower and other uses

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.809092924943419
WordScorePoS
forest0.041835863322702NN
key0NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
clean0.0348974218717993JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
flow0NN
agriculture0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.449723371347063
WordScorePoS
forest0.380082214408185NN
key0.0528409850971592NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
clean0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
flow0NN
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
hydropower0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.203617577027477
WordScorePoS
forest0.0357189919948307NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
ensure0.0159922815774215VB
clean0JJ
water0NN
flow0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
hydropower0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.196158653042636
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
key0NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
clean0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
flow0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
hydropower0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.187921390075772
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
ensure0.0251662980592747VB
clean0.125032076213024JJ
water0NN
flow0NN
agriculture0NN
hydropower0NN

They are also critical for conserving biological diversity water and soil and providing major habitats for wildlife

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.745164463071265
WordScorePoS
critical0JJ
conserve0VB
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
soil0NN
provide0VB
major0JJ
habitat0NN
wildlife0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351306063339728
WordScorePoS
critical0JJ
conserve0VB
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
major0JJ
habitat0NN
wildlife0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.344472450041131
WordScorePoS
critical0JJ
conserve0.0390772412228479VB
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
soil0.0528409850971592NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
major0.0137637438743113JJ
habitat0.0390772412228479NN
wildlife0.0517339898971162NN

see also Box

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Reconnecting lakes in the Central Yangtze River Basin In the last years Hubei Province wetland ecosystem with its lakes has played major role in summer flood attenuation along the Yangtze River basin home to million people

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.924454288234413
WordScorePoS
lake0.103230094596636NN
central0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
major0JJ
flood0.041835863322702NN
people0.024149913320522NNS

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.240118689298373
WordScorePoS
lake0NN
central0JJ
river0NN
basin0NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
major0.0137637438743113JJ
flood0.0316735178673487NN
people0.0159982027144574NNS

However of the lakes were converted to polders and disconnected from each other which resulted in massive flood damage from to causing hundreds of deaths costing billions of dollars and resulting in pollution from aquaculture fertilizer

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.419060642105791
WordScorePoS
lake0NN
result0NN
flood0NN
cause0NN
hundred0CD
death0.193573191943949NN
cost0NN
dollar0NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
aquaculture0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.734803051714599
WordScorePoS
lake0.103230094596636NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
cause0NN
hundred0CD
death0.0295155485671997NN
cost0NN
dollar0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
aquaculture0NN

In WWF sustainable lake programme demonstrated good example of the role of natural infrastructure by reestablishing the natural flood protection provided by the river basin

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.733671234256708
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
lake0.103230094596636NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
protection0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.296659136822885
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
lake0NN
programme0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
river0NN
basin0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.355600577617276
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
lake0.0409791940864438NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.33955068444025
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
lake0NN
programme0.0269969049497485NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
infrastructure0NN
flood0NN
protection0.122839698738001NN
river0NN
basin0NN

Sluice gates were seasonally opened around three lakes Hong Tian Zhou and Zhangdu and illegal uneconomic aquaculture facilities and other infrastructure were removed reducing pollution

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.469148907134894
WordScorePoS
lake0NN
illegal0JJ
aquaculture0NN
facility0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
remove0VB
reduce0VB
pollution0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.471413883900172
WordScorePoS
lake0NN
illegal0.0803666323453555JJ
aquaculture0.0401833161726777NN
facility0NN
infrastructure0NN
remove0VB
reduce0.0036456034155327VB
pollution0.0689352823740101NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.463299420762378
WordScorePoS
lake0.103230094596636NN
illegal0JJ
aquaculture0NN
facility0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
remove0VB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414560384897639
WordScorePoS
lake0.0409791940864438NN
illegal0JJ
aquaculture0NN
facility0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
remove0.0542519672965169VB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

This resulted in an increase in fish and wildlife and return of species

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.877373131008311
WordScorePoS
result0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
fish0.0390772412228479NN
wildlife0.0517339898971162NN
return0NN
species0.285061660806139NNS

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.34433629474446
WordScorePoS
result0NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN
fish0.0803666323453555NN
wildlife0NN
return0NN
species0.0651400632663124NNS

Before the programme Lake Hong supported only herons and egrets since its restoration wintering water birds and breeding birds are now found

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.908951165586452
WordScorePoS
programme0.0153390539205676NN
lake0.103230094596636NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
restoration0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
breed0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324398649193228
WordScorePoS
programme0.0121782716594324NN
lake0.0409791940864438NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
restoration0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
breed0NN

To strengthen the effectiveness of wetland conservation efforts Nature Reserve Network was established linking reserves

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.541157631085557
WordScorePoS
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
wetland0NN
conservation0NN
effort0NN
nature0.162755901889551NN
reserve0NN
establish0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.579933772972303
WordScorePoS
strengthen0VB
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
effort0.032404008418326NN
nature0NN
reserve0NN
establish0VB

In the Hubei provincial government adopted wetlands conservation master plan and allocated resources to protect km by

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.618209714353201
WordScorePoS
government0NN
adopt0VB
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
plan0.0137637438743113NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
protect0.046452183350325VB

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.407488446439982
WordScorePoS
government0NN
adopt0VB
wetland0NN
conservation0.0803666323453555NN
plan0.0141533244035107NN
resource0.0572167664438909NN
protect0.0119417512090511VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.396007465939111
WordScorePoS
government0NN
adopt0.0229054731708393VB
wetland0NN
conservation0NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
protect0.0328357290160445VB

The local population benefited from cleaner water supplies and increase in fish catches within six months of reconnection of Lake Zhangdu

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.856493309485086
WordScorePoS
local0.0181797964452808JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
benefit0NN
cleaner0JJR
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
fish0NN
lake0.103230094596636NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315401664536776
WordScorePoS
local0.0144336476662975JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
benefit0NN
cleaner0JJR
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
fish0NN
lake0.0409791940864438NN

The development of certified eco fish farming adopted by households increased income of fisheries dependent households by to

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.689819277477993
WordScorePoS
development0.0159922815774215NN
fish0NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
adopt0.0182713919265625VB
household0.0297950283197006NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
income0.0643370113878709NN
fishery0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.438245751844879
WordScorePoS
development0.0036456034155327NN
fish0.0803666323453555NN
farm0NN
adopt0VB
household0NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN
income0NN
fishery0.227990221432093NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.378341973446987
WordScorePoS
development0.0177346522508396NN
fish0NN
farm0NN
adopt0.0202620733250388VB
household0.0330412182586772NN
increase0.00285817158600878NN
income0.166475342664294NN
fishery0NN

Sources WWF Pittock and Xu ICPDR and Scholz et al

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chapter WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Tourism and ecosystems conservation Napo Wildlife Center Yasuni National Park Ecuador Photo Peter Prokosch http grida

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.719166374094065
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
tourism0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
conservation0NN
wildlife0NN
national0JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.41635949661044
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
tourism0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
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wildlife0.0517339898971162NN
national0.00354525553489471JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354497462471049
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
tourism0.0332151194779746NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
conservation0NN
wildlife0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.269111306100998
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
tourism0NN
ecosystem0NN
conservation0NN
wildlife0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ

no photolib detail napo wildlife center yasuni national park ecuador

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Ecosystem based management Ecosystem based management is described by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity CBD as strategy for the integrated management of land water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way CBD

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.535528732395258
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
unite0VB
nation0NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
strategy0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
live0.0252018374089947VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
promote0VB
conservation0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.513912034779487
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
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unite0VB
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biological0JJ
diversity0NN
strategy0.0190167691930804NN
integrate0.0190167691930804VB
land0.123873694868802NN
water0.016202004209163NN
live0.00636002051881212VB
resource0.0317953333768269NN
promote0.0106357666046841VB
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sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
equitable0.0190167691930804JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.301902065976166
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
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unite0VB
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biological0JJ
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strategy0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
live0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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conservation0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.353236755011942
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
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unite0VB
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biological0.0531983120572613JJ
diversity0NN
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integrate0VB
land0.0141533244035107NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
live0.00654003986398914VB
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The interconnected network of ecosystems can be seen in the quantity of water required to maintain water related ecosystem services and the ecosystems that serve to maintain this quantity such as wetlands and forests WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.77079240227436
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
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related0.0524959536790166JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
serve0VB
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
forest0.041835863322702NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.492655499021931
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
water0.016202004209163NN
require0VB
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service0.0127200410376242NN
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wetland0.0390772412228479NN
forest0.380082214408185NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.287667503774477
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
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related0.00833571598658786JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
serve0VB
wetland0NN
forest0NN

Such ecosystem interrelationship is often referred to as natural infrastructure NI

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.648431723497137
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.506988950926987
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
infrastructure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348408980401667
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN

It is nature equivalent to human built infrastructure providing for the maintenance of healthy ecosystems and many of the same services

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.574738588366158
WordScorePoS
nature0.162755901889551NN
equivalent0.0664302389559493JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
build0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.462980352229586
WordScorePoS
nature0NN
equivalent0JJ
human0.011275328195446JJ
build0.030745604615229VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.380408851821997
WordScorePoS
nature0NN
equivalent0JJ
human0.0193783617722719JJ
build0VB
infrastructure0NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN

Natural infrastructure uses the natural environment and natural processes to create healthier environments and may present economic benefits since the destruction of NI requires investment in built infrastructure to perform some of the same services

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.593833397266785
WordScorePoS
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
environment0.0221298700466866NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
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investment0.0377086395700813NN
build0.030745604615229VB
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.383103329101349
WordScorePoS
natural0JJ
infrastructure0NN
environment0.0591643007226199NN
process0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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service0.0197870712294258NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.403568983606242
WordScorePoS
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
process0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
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require0.0468670845659596VB
investment0NN
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service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.332733118142455
WordScorePoS
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
infrastructure0NN
environment0NN
process0NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
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benefit0NN
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investment0.0376648791150643NN
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service0.0443555132287109NN

EBM demonstrates that opportunities can be missed when the interlinkages between ecosystems and their collective provision of services are not taken into account

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.567609067766914
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0116130458375813NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
provision0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
account0.0137637438743113NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.330019685858779
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN
ecosystem0NN
provision0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
account0NN

Ecosystem services remain under valued under recognized and under utilized within economic and resource management approaches

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.4277535530298
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
remain0VB
value0.0390772412228479NN
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resource0.0317953333768269NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.337170441152764
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
remain0.049270765107907VB
value0NN
recognize0VB
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.405941842656653
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
remain0VB
value0NN
recognize0VB
utilize0.0731385760866977VB
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
resource0.0449504361447405NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.344196188671307
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
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value0NN
recognize0VB
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economic0.0959899298575892JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326614599027157
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
remain0VB
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recognize0VB
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economic0.0433009429988926JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN

The MDG framework did not WWDR fully recognize water interlinkages with other areas and an emphasis on sustainability was not included UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.911354637358159
WordScorePoS
framework0NN
fully0RB
recognize0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainability0NN
include0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.363323004239535
WordScorePoS
framework0.028867295332595NN
fully0RB
recognize0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
include0VB

more holistic focus on ecosystems for water and development can ensure that benefits are maintained

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.777963191901564
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
development0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
benefit0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313741778944535
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
development0.022306853314744NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
benefit0NN
maintain0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.277964182842667
WordScorePoS
holistic0JJ
focus0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
water0.016202004209163NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
ensure0.00709051106978941VB
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maintain0VB

As noted in the UN Water report on global goal for water the difficulty of balancing water supply between multiple users and uses will become worse unless attention is paid to the sustainable use and development of water resources and the ecosystems that provide them

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.885360460206283
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
report0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
goal0NN
difficulty0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
multiple0JJ
user0NN
attention0.041835863322702NN
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
provide0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369633207708691
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
goal0NN
difficulty0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
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attention0NN
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.117111133492854
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
report0NN
global0.00354525553489471JJ
goal0NN
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supply0.0223459295604043NN
multiple0JJ
user0NN
attention0NN
pay0NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB

The EBM approach addresses these shortfalls

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.766255124003228
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
address0.064698038783335NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.642536446389462
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
address0NN

Incorporating ecosystem based thinking into water management will play important roles in addressing the proposed target areas for the post Sustainable Development Goals which include WASH water quality water efficiency integrated water resources management and water related ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.879088705589119
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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quality0.0255958462813622NN
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integrate0.0251182378961834VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.363610252230883
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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post0.0409791940864438NN
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development0.022306853314744NN
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quality0.0203215381458133NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.151669713182152
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
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water0.016202004209163NN
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integrate0.0190167691930804VB
resource0.0317953333768269NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0413573956291256
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
water0NN
management0NN
address0NN
target0NN
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sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
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goal0NN
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efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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related0JJ

Challenges Ecosystems across the world particularly wetlands are in decline in terms of the services they provide

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.566838962173767
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
decline0NN
term0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.357274648866708
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
ecosystem0NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
wetland0NN
decline0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
service0NN
provide0.00601568197638796VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.416621073012696
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
ecosystem0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
wetland0NN
decline0.0315914058171786NN
term0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.392086602874811
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
ecosystem0NN
world0.00261936653839306NN
wetland0NN
decline0NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
provide0VB

Increasing population and economic growth are accelerating strain on the natural world

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.598060511137543
WordScorePoS
increase0.00711043475673939NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
accelerate0VB
strain0NN
natural0JJ
world0.00172202218602071NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.474595048884444
WordScorePoS
increase0NN
population0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
strain0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
world0.00257343720272548NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.471991730824594
WordScorePoS
increase0.00285817158600878NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
accelerate0VB
strain0NN
natural0JJ
world0.00276879546803864NN

Direct drivers of ecosystem degradation include infrastructure development land conversion water withdrawal eutrophication and pollution overharvesting and overexploitation and the introduction of invasive alien species MEA

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.70666194332216
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
include0VB
infrastructure0NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
land0.123873694868802NN
water0.016202004209163NN
withdrawal0NN
pollution0NN
introduction0.0517339898971162NN
invasive0.0517339898971162JJ
alien0.0517339898971162NN
species0.285061660806139NNS

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.545965321095446
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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include0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
introduction0NN
invasive0JJ
alien0NN
species0NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.29782447278798
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
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infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
withdrawal0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
introduction0NN
invasive0JJ
alien0NN
species0NNS

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.196239886744868
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
ecosystem0NN
degradation0NN
include0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
land0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
withdrawal0NN
pollution0NN
introduction0NN
invasive0JJ
alien0NN
species0NNS

Ecosystems

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.935065958316272
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Environmental challenges The WWF Living Planet Index shows decline in biodiversity health since WWF

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.487252565346786
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
challenge0NN
live0.0300513417930436VB
planet0NN
decline0.0351951258079907NN
biodiversity0NN
health0.191387734041787NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.475455207749737
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
live0.00636002051881212VB
planet0NN
decline0NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
health0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.436712749690497
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
live0.0269743071558856VB
planet0NN
decline0.0315914058171786NN
biodiversity0NN
health0.0229054731708393NN

Poor water management approaches can be driver of this decline for example through poorly designed or operated dams disrupting water flows or degradation of soil water retention

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.850897869783611
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
approach0NN
decline0NN
poorly0RB
operate0VB
disrupt0VB
flow0NN
degradation0NN
soil0NN
retention0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.438638096395193
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
decline0.0234335422829798NN
poorly0RB
operate0.0542519672965169VB
disrupt0VB
flow0NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
retention0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.185855711099592
WordScorePoS
poor0.016202004209163JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
approach0NN
decline0NN
poorly0RB
operate0VB
disrupt0VB
flow0NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
soil0.0528409850971592NN
retention0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.0721729968152865
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
water0NN
management0NN
approach0NN
decline0NN
poorly0RB
operate0VB
disrupt0VB
flow0NN
degradation0NN
soil0NN
retention0NN

Pollution from untreated residential and industrial Ecosystems across the world particularly wetlands are in decline in terms of the services they provide wastewater and agricultural run off also weakens ecosystem capacity to provide services such as water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.724687483490489
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
decline0NN
term0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provide0VB
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.319726632220354
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
decline0NN
term0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
wastewater0NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
water0.016202004209163NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.309152852420061
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
ecosystem0NN
world0.00257642711761688NN
wetland0NN
decline0NN
term0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
wastewater0NN
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
capacity0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.282935861893101
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
wetland0NN
decline0NN
term0NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
wastewater0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28198689045535
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
untreated0JJ
residential0.0542519672965169JJ
industrial0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
wetland0NN
decline0.0234335422829798NN
term0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
wastewater0NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.148383442207999
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
untreated0JJ
residential0JJ
industrial0JJ
ecosystem0NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
wetland0NN
decline0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
service0NN
provide0.00601568197638796VB
wastewater0NN
agricultural0JJ
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
water0NN

Climate change also has significant impact on ecosystems

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.87933154529151
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
significant0.0343390275626203JJ
impact0.0437569550806737NN
ecosystem0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.292911070135966
WordScorePoS
climate0.032404008418326NN
change0.0446918591208085NN
significant0.032404008418326JJ
impact0.0137637438743113NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

The effect on wetlands and their multiple ecosystem services is expected to be severe

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.681960307322502
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
multiple0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
expect0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.437824787338486
WordScorePoS
effect0.0440683498519077NN
wetland0NN
multiple0JJ
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
expect0.0357189919948307VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.328486528238114
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
multiple0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
expect0VB

Rising sea levels will threaten biodiversity while increased frequency and strength of storms and tidal surges will increase damage and variation of sediment transfer in river flows Boelee

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.54657465516716
WordScorePoS
rise0.120914181920259NN
sea0.16782457728855NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
threaten0VB
biodiversity0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
transfer0NN
river0NN
flow0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.453281510079745
WordScorePoS
rise0.0251182378961834NN
sea0.041835863322702NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
threaten0VB
biodiversity0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
transfer0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
flow0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.444250740649158
WordScorePoS
rise0NN
sea0NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
threaten0.0517339898971162VB
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
transfer0NN
river0NN
flow0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.399578875388323
WordScorePoS
rise0NN
sea0.0977100948994686NN
level0.010074208709011NN
threaten0VB
biodiversity0.0651400632663124NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN
transfer0.0803666323453555NN
river0NN
flow0NN

While these environmental challenges steadily degrade the health of ecosystems and thus the quality of their services short term economic and social decisions further threaten sustainability

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.33605074899546
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
degrade0.0781544824456958VB
health0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
quality0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
term0NN
economic0JJ
social0JJ
decision0NN
threaten0.0517339898971162VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.329437953334293
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
degrade0VB
health0NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
term0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
decision0NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.243927721462796
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
health0NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0.00916459792075908NN
service0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
economic0JJ
social0JJ
decision0.0211360962287062NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0.036961556179878NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.243489201182814
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
health0.191387734041787NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0.0152605842304358NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
term0NN
economic0JJ
social0JJ
decision0NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.400658979325384
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
health0.0405241466500776NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0.0121171980355011NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
term0.0396106020715138NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ
decision0.02794560829783NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.392764722931587
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
health0NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
term0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
decision0.0519476926891779NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.33360017557506
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
degrade0VB
health0.0229054731708393NN
ecosystem0NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
term0NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
social0.0458109463416786JJ
decision0NN
threaten0VB
sustainability0NN

Over exploiting forests for timber or firewood for example compromises ecosystem health including its capacity to regulate the level of the water table

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.671023868045743
WordScorePoS
forest0.041835863322702NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
health0NN
include0VB
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
regulate0VB
level0.00647010760354177NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.573633404688603
WordScorePoS
forest0.380082214408185NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
health0NN
include0VB
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
regulate0VB
level0.00489845440032415NN
water0.016202004209163NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.268296745862409
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
include0VB
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
regulate0VB
level0.00513687014008325NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.245546638747876
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
ecosystem0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
include0VB
capacity0.00625975725959118NN
regulate0VB
level0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN

Social challenges Degraded ecosystems strain the most vulnerable populations particularly the poorest leading to food and water insecurity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.622173862659624
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
strain0NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
poorest0.0348974218717993JJS
lead0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396104435679104
WordScorePoS
social0.0169905820958638JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
strain0NN
vulnerable0JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
poorest0JJS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
food0.186896403054502NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.391730747429188
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
challenge0NN
degrade0.0440683498519077VB
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
strain0NN
vulnerable0.0182713919265625JJ
population0.0310434135749871NN
poorest0.0297950283197006JJS
lead0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
water0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.263937754379082
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
degrade0.0781544824456958VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
strain0NN
vulnerable0JJ
population0.0137637438743113NN
poorest0JJS
lead0.016202004209163NN
food0.016202004209163NN
water0.016202004209163NN

As populations increase and ecosystem services decline the risk of resource conflicts rises especially where tensions already exist along ethnic or socio economic lines

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.505661773111929
WordScorePoS
population0NN
increase0NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
decline0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN
rise0NN
exist0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
line0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.307756057810039
WordScorePoS
population0.0428212738652355NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
decline0NN
risk0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
conflict0NN
rise0NN
exist0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
line0.0410992516792148NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.303268466341794
WordScorePoS
population0.0137637438743113NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
decline0NN
risk0.0223459295604043NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
conflict0NN
rise0NN
exist0VB
economic0JJ
line0.0264204925485796NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.41253153079986
WordScorePoS
population0.0194583992186006NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
decline0.0315914058171786NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
conflict0NN
rise0.0268848280079943NN
exist0.04477822029736VB
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
line0.0373517915079663NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.308041893840315
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
increase0.00285817158600878NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
decline0.02794560829783NN
risk0NN
resource0NN
conflict0NN
rise0.0237821918091848NN
exist0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
line0NN

According to UN peacekeepers since at least violent conflicts have been fuelled by the exploitation of natural resources whether high value resources like timber diamonds gold minerals and oil or scarce ones like fertile land and water UNEP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.641374434679636
WordScorePoS
conflict0NN
fuel0NN
exploitation0NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
scarce0JJ
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.395095442904763
WordScorePoS
conflict0NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
exploitation0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
scarce0JJ
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.390682733091416
WordScorePoS
conflict0.147263166485024NN
fuel0NN
exploitation0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN
scarce0JJ
land0.0319966432858631NN
water0NN

Ecosystem degradation and climate change have significant potential to increase these tensions

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.768570777451594
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
degradation0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
significant0.0343390275626203JJ
potential0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.528591578778956
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
climate0.032404008418326NN
change0.0446918591208085NN
significant0.032404008418326JJ
potential0.0390772412228479NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN

Economic challenges While economic development may lead to ecosystem decline ecosystem services underpin economic development so the real challenge is in building awareness of the economic value of healthy ecosystems

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.474966528098095
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
ecosystem0NN
decline0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
building0NN
awareness0NN
healthy0JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.355268152876371
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
lead0.016202004209163NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
decline0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
building0NN
awareness0NN
healthy0JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.174258707008098
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
challenge0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
lead0NN
ecosystem0NN
decline0NN
service0NN
building0.149940347231585NN
awareness0NN
healthy0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.356283746469716
WordScorePoS
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
lead0NN
ecosystem0NN
decline0.0315914058171786NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
building0.0747035830159326NN
awareness0NN
healthy0JJ

Chapter In some cases human built infrastructure can cause biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services yet it often directly depends on ecosystem services to maintain performance

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.817721268938719
WordScorePoS
human0.0193783617722719JJ
build0VB
infrastructure0NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
loss0.0670377886812128NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
depend0.0633470357346975VB
maintain0VB
performance0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.24328166495339
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
build0.030745604615229VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
biodiversity0NN
loss0NN
degradation0NN
ecosystem0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
depend0VB
maintain0VB
performance0NN

Dams for example are constructed to ensure water availability flood protection hydropower and other services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.887578898180629
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
protection0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.260694540695608
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
hydropower0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

However dams can prevent nutrients and sediments from reaching oceans and alter the water cycle by increasing water residence time altering the flow of matter and energy in rivers which changes the conditions of these ecosystems entirely Vörösmarty et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.735148772067103
WordScorePoS
prevent0VB
nutrient0NN
reach0NN
ocean0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
cycle0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
time0NN
flow0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
river0.206460189193271NN
condition0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.418351604583
WordScorePoS
prevent0VB
nutrient0NN
reach0.0332151194779746NN
ocean0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
cycle0.108503934593034NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
flow0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.378534327777991
WordScorePoS
prevent0.0543366405761884VB
nutrient0.0531983120572613NN
reach0NN
ocean0.488550474497343NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
cycle0NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN
time0.0166605993001162NN
flow0NN
energy0NN
river0NN
condition0NN
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.273482842710058
WordScorePoS
prevent0VB
nutrient0NN
reach0NN
ocean0NN
water0NN
cycle0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
time0NN
flow0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
river0NN
condition0NN
ecosystem0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.135976744479356
WordScorePoS
prevent0.0528409850971592VB
nutrient0NN
reach0NN
ocean0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
cycle0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
time0.016202004209163NN
flow0NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
river0NN
condition0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

This can have direct and negative impact on other sectors such as downstream fisheries and agriculture

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.649014332802127
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
impact0.042459973210532NN
sector0NN
fishery0.227990221432093NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.487067629221691
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
impact0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
fishery0.0357189919948307NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315085226450442
WordScorePoS
direct0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
fishery0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN

At the same time dams only work effectively when supported by healthy ecosystems

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.672904114559946
WordScorePoS
time0.016202004209163NN
effectively0RB
support0.00794883334420673NN
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.342630890415946
WordScorePoS
time0.0127591822694525NN
effectively0RB
support0.00625975725959118NN
healthy0.0615471563780609JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.339467863318102
WordScorePoS
time0.0166605993001162NN
effectively0RB
support0NN
healthy0.0401833161726777JJ
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN

Unhealthy ecosystems cause dams to become clogged by siltation damaged by flood waters or degraded with pollution

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.864436732813814
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
water0.556409482163189NN
degrade0VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.327384160380529
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN
water0.016202004209163NN
degrade0.0781544824456958VB
pollution0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294228453567725
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
flood0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
degrade0VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Dams also need proper watershed management

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.536084663066894
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
management0.0687164195125178NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.455147044455876
WordScorePoS
proper0.0583416713841148JJ
management0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.389928280270845
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
management0.0499817979003487NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.379195221277295
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
management0.0486060126274891NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.333905851915328
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN

The challenge therefore is to manage water resources to maintain beneficial mix between built and natural infrastructure and provision of their respective services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.612413283173023
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
provision0NN
respective0JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.338067061204861
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
manage0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0.030745604615229VB
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
provision0NN
respective0.0454743001434393JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313814754204502
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
maintain0VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
provision0NN
respective0JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.376512115466348
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
manage0VB
water0NN
resource0NN
maintain0VB
mix0.122412709674631NN
build0VB
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
provision0NN
respective0.0924643738905717JJ
service0.0451471467893167NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.308870112430895
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
manage0VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB
mix0NN
build0VB
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
provision0NN
respective0JJ
service0.0269743071558856NN

Current food production practices are likewise responsible for nitrogen phosphorous and pesticide loading and fisheries depletion Vörösmarty et al

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.587170027601679
WordScorePoS
current0.0332151194779746JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
responsible0JJ
fishery0NN
depletion0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.585347265847104
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
practice0.0252000451111224NN
responsible0JJ
fishery0.0357189919948307NN
depletion0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.506916789715697
WordScorePoS
current0.0325700316331562JJ
food0.0166605993001162NN
production0NN
practice0.0229784274580034NN
responsible0JJ
fishery0.227990221432093NN
depletion0.0531983120572613NN

It is estimated that between US

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.765883642519583
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.383060435719248
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0299609328954485NN

trillion per year worth of ecosystem services were lost between and due to land use change Costanza et al

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.6324406169049
WordScorePoS
worth0JJ
ecosystem0NN
service0NN
lose0VB
due0.0473606524958885JJ
land0NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.584557551295819
WordScorePoS
worth0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
lose0.0781544824456958VB
due0.0223459295604043JJ
land0.123873694868802NN
change0.0446918591208085NN

Water is key resource for industrial and manufacturing processes e

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.720927834498431
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
key0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
process0.0737171311497939NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.593128927581009
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
key0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
industrial0JJ
manufacture0NN
process0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.239146869702845
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
key0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
industrial0JJ
manufacture0NN
process0NN

heating cooling cleaning rinsing etc

Label: 7, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
heating0.122412709674631NN

but generated wastewater can cause environmental damage when discharged untreated

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.945258593878387
WordScorePoS
generate0VB
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
environmental0JJ
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ

The industrial and manufacturing sector has corporate social responsibility to take action to ensure acceptable quality of discharged water and cover the costs related to any corrective clean up action

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.611726233225773
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
manufacture0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
social0JJ
responsibility0NN
action0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
quality0.0255958462813622NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
cover0NN
cost0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
clean0.0348974218717993JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.609705196520753
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
responsibility0NN
action0.0135141354781442NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
quality0.022550656390892NN
discharge0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
cover0NN
cost0NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
clean0.030745604615229JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.245991572719773
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
manufacture0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
responsibility0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
quality0.0203215381458133NN
discharge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
cover0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
clean0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.119558384003864
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
manufacture0NN
sector0NN
social0JJ
responsibility0NN
action0NN
ensure0.0251662980592747VB
quality0NN
discharge0NN
water0NN
cover0NN
cost0NN
related0JJ
clean0.125032076213024JJ

At the same time manufacturing processes can also benefit from cleaner water influent by saving costs on treating potential impurities Corcoran et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.698569422291677
WordScorePoS
time0NN
manufacture0NN
process0NN
benefit0NN
cleaner0JJR
water0.556409482163189NN
save0IN
cost0NN
potential0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.55564499978445
WordScorePoS
time0.0188543197850406NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
cleaner0JJR
water0.0377086395700813NN
save0IN
cost0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.290764404707268
WordScorePoS
time0.0169905820958638NN
manufacture0NN
process0NN
benefit0NN
cleaner0JJR
water0.186896403054502NN
save0IN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
potential0NN

Management challenges Current water management practices are often fragmented leading to lost synergies poor trade offs and sub optimal solutions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.703174245663893
WordScorePoS
management0.0428007293971684NN
challenge0NN
current0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
practice0NN
lead0NN
lose0VB
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
trade0NN
solution0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.407585410650411
WordScorePoS
management0.0339811641917276NN
challenge0NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
lose0VB
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
trade0NN
solution0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.150011450641783
WordScorePoS
management0NN
challenge0NN
current0JJ
water0NN
practice0NN
lead0NN
lose0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
trade0NN
solution0NN

This phenomenon pervades across sectors such as health leaving missed opportunities for broader strategies Boelee

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.608108238979909
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
leave0NN
opportunity0NN
strategy0.0149758277542848NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.396865297002733
WordScorePoS
sector0.0571058915334038NN
health0.0571058915334038NN
leave0NN
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
strategy0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.317620962560957
WordScorePoS
sector0.0565629593551219NN
health0.0377086395700813NN
leave0NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
strategy0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.31675192967843
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
health0NN
leave0.107490825192354NN
opportunity0NN
strategy0NN

It fails to capitalize on synergies in basinwide and cross sectoral approaches to water management to protect ecosystem services such as the flow of water needed to maintain biodiversity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.820640299107109
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
protect0.0153390539205676VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
flow0NN
maintain0VB
biodiversity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342347178130409
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
protect0.0121782716594324VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
flow0NN
maintain0VB
biodiversity0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.336689077624316
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
protect0.046452183350325VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
flow0NN
maintain0VB
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN

Poor water management especially wastewater management leads to the degradation of ecosystems through pollution and contamination resulting in social WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and economic costs it is more expensive to rehabilitate an ecosystem than to preserve it

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.756620807346178
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
lead0NN
degradation0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
contamination0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
social0JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
economic0JJ
cost0NN
expensive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385505870346987
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
wastewater0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
contamination0NN
result0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN
expensive0.0542519672965169JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.305835238574585
WordScorePoS
poor0.016202004209163JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
wastewater0NN
lead0.016202004209163NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
pollution0NN
contamination0NN
result0NN
social0JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
economic0JJ
cost0NN
expensive0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.257296038235849
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
water0NN
management0NN
wastewater0NN
lead0NN
degradation0NN
ecosystem0NN
pollution0NN
contamination0NN
result0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
cost0NN
expensive0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.132976934684233
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
water0NN
management0NN
wastewater0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
degradation0.049270765107907NN
ecosystem0NN
pollution0NN
contamination0NN
result0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
cost0NN
expensive0JJ

In short there is basic failure to recognize the economic and social value of healthy ecosystems

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.383850992467296
WordScorePoS
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
recognize0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.283342458794045
WordScorePoS
basic0.0137637438743113JJ
recognize0VB
economic0JJ
social0JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.52317756627775
WordScorePoS
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
recognize0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.392103020621247
WordScorePoS
basic0JJ
recognize0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.301166619170898
WordScorePoS
basic0JJ
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
social0.0285529457667019JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN

The water management sphere is beset by lack of ecosystem knowledge among decision makers and lack of resources and technical know how to empower communities to take the lead in EBM

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.655760138710878
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
sphere0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
knowledge0NN
decision0NN
maker0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
technical0JJ
empower0VB
community0.0214003646985842NN
lead0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.33649117070672
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
sphere0NN
lack0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
knowledge0NN
decision0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
technical0JJ
empower0VB
community0.0169905820958638NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.245255778964041
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
sphere0NN
lack0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
knowledge0NN
decision0NN
maker0NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
technical0JJ
empower0VB
community0.016202004209163NN
lead0.016202004209163NN

Lack of resources skills and capacity affects related approaches such as watershed management or other conservation programmes

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.650483022995971
WordScorePoS
lack0.0255262687343935NN
resource0NN
skill0.407534682675042NN
capacity0NN
affect0.0125233923809486VB
related0JJ
approach0NN
management0NN
conservation0NN
programme0.0182963616752599NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.355158174644521
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
skill0NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
affect0.0397441667210336VB
related0JJ
approach0NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
programme0NN

Management practices have emphasized water quantity requirements for human and environmental needs at the expense of water quality

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.86541088953157
WordScorePoS
management0.0428007293971684NN
practice0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
environmental0JJ
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.411959889095527
WordScorePoS
management0.0339811641917276NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
water0.186896403054502NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
quality0.0203215381458133NN

Moreover they prioritize human uses over environmental needs and fail to recognize the symbiotic relationship between the two

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.467051072336667
WordScorePoS
human0.0273960270556257JJ
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
recognize0VB

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.419452678880562
WordScorePoS
human0.0170753354211044JJ
environmental0JJ
recognize0.0558185411034276VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.404318241345902
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
recognize0.0368585655748969VB

Responses Responses that mitigate reverse and most of all prevent ecosystem degradation are required to address threats to ecosystems

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.869598633979731
WordScorePoS
response0NN
reverse0.0517339898971162NN
prevent0.0528409850971592VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
require0VB
threat0NN

The nature of these responses has implications for the quality and quantity of water supply especially since restored ecosystems do not always perform the same range of ecosystem services as the original sites Boelee

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.734658571746735
WordScorePoS
nature0NN
response0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
restore0.041835863322702VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
range0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.483514120157011
WordScorePoS
nature0.162755901889551NN
response0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
restore0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
range0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.374784680406705
WordScorePoS
nature0NN
response0NN
quality0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
restore0.0633470357346975VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
range0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN

The adoption of EBM is essential to ensure water sustainability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.884360897045516
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352178765294183
WordScorePoS
adoption0NN
essential0JJ
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Ecosystems valuation Using economic arguments for preserving ecosystems can make them relevant to decision makers and planners

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.582329024834788
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
economic0JJ
relevant0JJ
decision0NN
maker0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.278977772939812
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
relevant0JJ
decision0NN
maker0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.391096015334588
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
relevant0JJ
decision0.02794560829783NN
maker0.0488696285210061NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344973665466812
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
relevant0.0277064208763707JJ
decision0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.321267948901553
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
relevant0JJ
decision0.0519476926891779NN
maker0NN

An economic perspective is also important in assessing BOX

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.578572746873978
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
perspective0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.465136167373418
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
perspective0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.432317493751113
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
perspective0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.327730720052543
WordScorePoS
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
perspective0NN

trade offs in the conservation of ecosystems and can be used to better inform development plans Farber et al

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.725916676721666
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
development0.0106357666046841NN
plan0.0137637438743113NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.421937685870394
WordScorePoS
trade0.0391100714971453NN
conservation0.0803666323453555NN
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
development0.0036456034155327NN
plan0.0141533244035107NN

Ecosystem valuation can be broadly described as what users would be willing to pay directly for the services or what it would cost to replace the same services with built infrastructure Boelee

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.521915481375478
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
user0NN
pay0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
cost0NN
build0.030745604615229VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.329648122908205
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
user0NN
pay0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
cost0NN
build0VB
infrastructure0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.305540713199461
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
user0NN
pay0.078760887431929NN
service0.022416649027415NN
cost0NN
build0VB
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Such valuations can be incorporated into national income accounts or used to clarify comparative options in land use planning payment Ecosystem valuation has demonstrated that benefits far exceed costs of water related investments in ecosystem conservation for ecosystem services PES and common asset trusts Costanza et al

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WordScorePoS
national0JJ
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.541600829292274
WordScorePoS
national0.00354525553489471JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.285235628728434
WordScorePoS
national0.00743561777158133JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.268005313096674
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national0.00886732612541978JJ
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Valuations help in building the case for green economy in the post development agenda

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.647226145476066
WordScorePoS
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Ecosystem valuation has demonstrated that benefits far exceed costs of water related investments in ecosystem conservation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.75970603237466
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.47118113848935
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ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284862080923165
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According to the study Changes in the Global Value of Ecosystem Services the economic value of ecosystems has been globally estimated at US

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.689902706988325
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.330823816064932
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Global GDP was estimated at US

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.624792036614796
WordScorePoS
global0.0182280170776635JJ
gdp0.0531983120572613NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.507234993119281
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trillion in the same year Costanza et al

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Box

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illustrates the application of this approach at the micro level

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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.468732980067772
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level0.0610668815653026NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.455852764065734
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Wastewater treatment in the Fynbos Ecosystem South Africa The Fynbos Ecosystem of Western Cape South Africa contains numerous wetlands whose function and value until recently were unknown

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.694037663963194
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.608281834931509
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wastewater0NN
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Many of these wetlands have been degraded or lost due to farming practices and other land use changes

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.749914801897375
WordScorePoS
wetland0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.567248605553907
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wetland0.0390772412228479NN
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Both wetlands and land use play role in determining water quality emanating from sub catchments in the biome

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875518328912966
WordScorePoS
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306271761633108
WordScorePoS
wetland0NN
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Water quality amelioration by wetlands benefits both ecology and humans downstream

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.895838738532433
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.301254265127249
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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For example preventing contamination protects downstream fisheries from pollutants and reduces the impact on human health such as from extensive growth of algae or aquatic macrophytes due to nutrient loading

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.597192228731279
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.358217352784374
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.343213278984475
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The economic benefits of the water treatment capacity of wetlands in the Fynbos Biome were estimated on the basis of the cost of performing the same service i

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.761094537883502
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.336778900254351
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.184708234808107
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removal of nitrogen with man made water treatment plants

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.911476201280483
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258249549437099
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.182678178515391
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removal0NN
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The study calculated the value of the wetlands service as US per hectare per year high enough to compete with alternative land uses

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.923545033384171
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Highlighting the economic value of critical wetlands builds case for investing in natural infrastructure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.631557785909553
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.270030074565615
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.410045597924352
WordScorePoS
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While policy changes have not directly been impacted by this study an increased number of these studies globally show growing demand for improved understanding of the value of nature

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.683629563917653
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.363828520207305
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.306233584592595
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Source Turpie

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
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source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
WordScorePoS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
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source0.0269969049497485NN

WWDR Ecosystems BOX

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.935065958316272
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Transboundary collaboration for healthy ecosystems and community engagement The International Joint Commission IJC was established by the Boundary Waters Treaty of between the USA and Canada and serves to resolve and prevent transboundary water disputes between the two countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.905887547519406
WordScorePoS
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289550103162675
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.16527865689764
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The Commission adopted the Lake Erie Ecosystem Priority LEEP for

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.642835972175826
WordScorePoS
commission0NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.492822902177042
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.454349412711225
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In August it released collaborative report between scientists of both countries entitled Lake Erie Ecosystem Priority Scientific Findings and Policy Recommendations to Reduce Nutrient Loadings and Harmful Algal Blooms

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.353045624199775
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.676055421242014
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The study focused on lake wide changes resulting from phosphorus enrichment climate change and invasive species

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.795458029566716
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.484889080124965
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The report contained policy proposals to reduce phosphorus inputs to the lake for implementation by federal state and provincial governments including setting phosphorus load targets below average loads of the past five years

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.564569583041087
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.586674180517518
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The report was then opened up to the public for comment through the internet and open house events held in Michigan Ohio and Ontario and scientific panel discussion at the Great Lakes Week held in Milwaukee Wisconsin

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.833211074948221
WordScorePoS
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Public engagement helped in shaping the outcomes of the report

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.587710594059146
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.565123270639251
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Source IJC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
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Natural infrastructure solutions In order to effectively address the myriad environmental challenges water managers need to recognize and incorporate NI into their planning and implementation activities Dini

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.690633343615121
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.407054108465818
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.348143954287344
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.315372086963282
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For example the creation of green corridors along rivers floodplains and streams can link ecosystems thus absorbing nutrients and reducing water pollution

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861955379126177
WordScorePoS
creation0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.330714934883173
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.166694860354025
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.1575826471332
WordScorePoS
creation0NN
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Conservation programmes are often reactive and fail to fully consider the interconnected nature of ecosystem processes for sustainability

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.693746578601988
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.586775105469312
WordScorePoS
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The NI perspective places emphasis on connectivity EPA creating sustainability framework for environmental decisions

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.539801413324503
WordScorePoS
perspective0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.458896317701338
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.425382010543302
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perspective0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.314167494298031
WordScorePoS
perspective0NN
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NI solutions should be seen as cost effective long term infrastructure solutions that utilize water related ecosystem services to augment replace and or strengthen performance of built infrastructure to provide wide array of benefits that support livelihoods

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.561622019356889
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.463002208127894
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266743482388881
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.247623870062479
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.235318881144996
WordScorePoS
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It has higher capacity to adapt to climate change impacts

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WordScorePoS
capacity0.025270503924109NN
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Hence investments yield benefits across number of policy areas as illustrated in Table

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.522078928379992
WordScorePoS
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benefit0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.389705962260308
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policy0.0848203862485078NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.345228400182127
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investment0NN
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policy0.0102677744436108NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.306750351526047
WordScorePoS
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For example in the table the rows which refer to Water purification and biological control Reconnecting rivers to floodplains and Wetland restoration conservation are shown as NI alternatives for Water treatment plant as illustrated in the Yangtze example in Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.900950323554185
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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wetland0.0516150472983178NN
restoration0NN
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treatment0.0348974218717993NN
plant0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.265821023362131
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.0847281917535024
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Policy responses The major decisions in EBM over the next decades must address trade offs between agricultural production and water quality land use and biodiversity water use and aquatic biodiversity MEA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.708761664201301
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.384792233563382
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334762126600915
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.32184166303402
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
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Chapter The emphasis on access to water and sanitation in the MDGs has focused policy priorities on urgent human needs but addressing broader sustainability issues that underpin access to water resources must move to the forefront

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.877880516012534
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338956935669231
WordScorePoS
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The post development agenda focuses on higher attention to ecosystems water quality and disaster management and needs to be supported by further evidence of the necessity of an integrated ecosystem based management of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.758374149222022
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348580947514726
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.346848218795215
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.255952190783133
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.104690047478597
WordScorePoS
post0NN
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Coordination and collaboration between natural resource managers and sectors such as health agriculture and industry are needed to foster synergy and integrate responses to environmental economic and social challenges and eliminate compartmentalization

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.393759553484567
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.295790299342821
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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eliminate0VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.193565353651104
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
natural0JJ
resource0.0358563662904843NN
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environmental0JJ
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challenge0NN
eliminate0VB

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.182400322486413
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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health0.191387734041787NN
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challenge0NN
eliminate0VB

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.378761470074179
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
natural0.0285529457667019JJ
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eliminate0.078760887431929VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.360061352793701
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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eliminate0VB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.347643169078362
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.309533142345464
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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eliminate0.0558912165956601VB

Collaboration is vital for policy formulation and compliance and for stakeholder engagement in planning and monitoring as in the example in Box

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.669457242188103
WordScorePoS
vital0JJ
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plan0.0130185595639838NN
monitor0.0599173571845643NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.50399076869697
WordScorePoS
vital0JJ
policy0.0848203862485078NN
stakeholder0NN
plan0.0344256159926965NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.345654763158821
WordScorePoS
vital0JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
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Policies should provide incentives and reduce operational bottlenecks for the implementation of EBM tools such as PES in combination with Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation REDD and landscape planning among others

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.821930830757835
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.258719709923538
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.323167695821915
WordScorePoS
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Coordination among international environmental bodies can reduce compartmentalization and create conducive framework for enforcement

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.432631872566852
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.429633809996448
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.392533600199686
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.392049145061937
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.357770946814432
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.345895721711925
WordScorePoS
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
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The Ramsar Convention for instance is already working with the World Heritage Convention Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and the CBD in developing wise use concepts for an integrated approach to wetland conservation Boelee

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.835410763888668
WordScorePoS
convention0NN
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WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Policies should seek to increase participation of all stakeholders local regional and national including rural women in developing countries who already act as grassroots ecosystem managers

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.566400152705401
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.464816029290156
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.29216792968888
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.287007845776007
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.261815168032461
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.198319954041628
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
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Involving them more substantively in decision making would benefit all integrate indigenous knowledge in the process and help Sustainable wastewater treatment is also key to maintaining sustainable ecosystem services particularly water provision and purification

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.742252583641779
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.333869977893014
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.302495727853485
WordScorePoS
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Protected areas can be utilized to preserve Overview of natural infrastructure solutions for water resources management Table Coastal Urban Location Natural infrastructure solution Watershed Water management issue Primary service to be provide Floodplain

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.668014076651737
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.404775319668844
WordScorePoS
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management0.0687164195125178NN
coastal0JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ
location0NN
issue0NN
primary0JJ
service0.0269743071558856NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347276763108821
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
utilize0VB
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
solution0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
coastal0JJ
urban0JJ
location0NN
issue0NN
primary0JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.30057679993348
WordScorePoS
protect0VB
utilize0VB
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
solution0.0368585655748969NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
coastal0JJ
urban0JJ
location0NN
issue0NN
primary0.0160169090870187JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.266045404706064
WordScorePoS
protect0.0119417512090511VB
utilize0VB
natural0JJ
infrastructure0NN
solution0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
resource0.0572167664438909NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
urban0JJ
location0NN
issue0NN
primary0.0141533244035107JJ
service0NN
provide0.00654003986398914VB

capitalize on the increasing global concern for international environmental issues

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.449914599326624
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
international0.0023966944644375JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
issue0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.444247878979388
WordScorePoS
increase0.0145316075945746NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
international0.00726580379728728JJ
environmental0JJ
issue0.0335649154577099NN

Corresponding built infrastructure solution at the primary service level Re afforestation and forest conservation Reconnecting rivers to floodplains Water supply regulation including drought mitigation Wetland restoration conservation Constructing wetlands Water harvesting Green spaces bio retention infiltration Dams and groundwater pumping Water distribution systems Permeable pavements Water quality regulation Water purification and biological control Re afforestation and forest conservation Riparian buffers Reconnecting rivers to floodplains Wetland restoration conservation Water treatment plant Constructing wetland Green spaces bio retention infiltration Erosion control Re afforestation and forest conservation Riparian buffers Reinforcement of slopes Reconnecting rivers to floodplains Moderation of extreme events floods Riverine flood control Re afforestation and forest conservation Riparian buffers Reconnecting rivers to floodplains Wetland restoration conservation Dams and levees Constructing wetland Establishing flood bypasses Coastal flood storm control Protecting restoring mangroves coastal marshes and dunes Sea walls Protecting restoring reefs coral oyster Built elements that interact with natural features to enhance water related ecosystem services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.747887686190632
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
solution0NN
primary0JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
afforestation0NN
forest0.041835863322702NN
conservation0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0.041835863322702NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
restoration0NN
harvest0.041835863322702NN
green0JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
biological0JJ
control0NN
buffer0NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0.0153390539205676VB
restore0.041835863322702VB
sea0.041835863322702NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
feature0NN
enhance0VB
related0.0524959536790166JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.492414700205424
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0NN
solution0NN
primary0JJ
service0.0127200410376242NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
afforestation0.0517339898971162NN
forest0.380082214408185NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
river0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0.0633470357346975NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
restoration0.0390772412228479NN
harvest0NN
green0JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0NN
quality0NN
biological0JJ
control0.0264204925485796NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0.117231723668544NN
erosion0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0.046452183350325VB
restore0.0633470357346975VB
sea0NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
feature0NN
enhance0.0158976666884135VB
related0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.279562461933995
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0NN
solution0NN
primary0.0141533244035107JJ
service0NN
level0.010074208709011NN
afforestation0NN
forest0NN
conservation0.0803666323453555NN
river0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
supply0NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0NN
restoration0.0401833161726777NN
harvest0.0325700316331562NN
green0JJ
space0.0325700316331562NN
retention0NN
system0.0229784274580034NN
quality0NN
biological0.0531983120572613JJ
control0NN
buffer0.0531983120572613NN
treatment0.0271683202880942NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
flood0NN
establish0VB
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
protect0.0119417512090511VB
restore0.0651400632663124VB
sea0.0977100948994686NN
natural0JJ
feature0.0531983120572613NN
enhance0.0245214713330961VB
related0.0081738237776987JJ
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.235747267864367
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
solution0NN
primary0JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
afforestation0NN
forest0NN
conservation0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0NN
restoration0NN
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
green0.0332151194779746JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
biological0JJ
control0NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
flood0NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0.0121782716594324VB
restore0VB
sea0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
feature0NN
enhance0VB
related0.00833571598658786JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.124945532736493
WordScorePoS
build0.0614198493690006VB
infrastructure0NN
solution0NN
primary0JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
afforestation0NN
forest0NN
conservation0NN
river0NN
water0NN
supply0NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0NN
restoration0NN
harvest0NN
green0JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
quality0NN
biological0JJ
control0.0614198493690006NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN
flood0NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0VB
restore0VB
sea0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
feature0NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
related0.0184786920895884JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.106472739580019
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
solution0.0357189919948307NN
primary0.0155217067874935JJ
service0.0143446978608332NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
afforestation0NN
forest0.0357189919948307NN
conservation0NN
river0NN
water0NN
supply0NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0.0714379839896614NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0NN
restoration0NN
harvest0NN
green0JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
quality0.0109267235789154NN
biological0JJ
control0NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
erosion0NN
extreme0.0714379839896614JJ
event0NN
flood0.0357189919948307NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0.0130963126055467VB
restore0VB
sea0NN
natural0JJ
feature0NN
enhance0.0268922747178632VB
related0.00896409157262106JJ
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.0828804820092745
WordScorePoS
build0.030745604615229VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
solution0.0368585655748969NN
primary0.0160169090870187JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN
level0NN
afforestation0NN
forest0NN
conservation0NN
river0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
supply0NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0NN
mitigation0NN
wetland0NN
restoration0NN
harvest0NN
green0JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0NN
quality0.022550656390892NN
biological0JJ
control0NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
flood0NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0VB
restore0VB
sea0NN
natural0JJ
feature0NN
enhance0.0185001613201543VB
related0.00925008066007716JJ
ecosystem0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.0700841090124337
WordScorePoS
build0VB
infrastructure0NN
solution0.0671298309154199NN
primary0.0145856516935579JJ
service0NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
afforestation0NN
forest0NN
conservation0NN
river0NN
water0NN
supply0NN
regulation0NN
include0VB
drought0NN
mitigation0.0828215106044499NN
wetland0NN
restoration0NN
harvest0NN
green0.0335649154577099JJ
space0NN
retention0NN
system0NN
quality0NN
biological0JJ
control0NN
buffer0NN
treatment0NN
plant0NN
erosion0NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN
flood0NN
establish0VB
coastal0JJ
protect0VB
restore0VB
sea0.16782457728855NN
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
feature0NN
enhance0VB
related0.0168470026160727JJ
ecosystem0NN

Source Extracted from UNEP UNEP DHI IUCN TNC Table p

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWDR Ecosystems specific ecosystems that provide services vital to the health of much larger landscapes that may shelter specific endangered species

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.845955897586991
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
specific0JJ
provide0.0445201436316848VB
service0.0127200410376242NN
vital0JJ
health0NN
shelter0.0517339898971162NN
species0.285061660806139NNS

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.270095393335399
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
specific0JJ
provide0.0100171139310145VB
service0.0100171139310145NN
vital0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
shelter0NN
species0NNS

This requires collaboration with local populations and balancing trade offs between conservation and economic activities

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.668162713632168
WordScorePoS
require0.104282800328615VB
local0.0214106369326177JJ
population0.0428212738652355NN
trade0.0591643007226199NN
conservation0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.369177266950622
WordScorePoS
require0VB
local0JJ
population0.0860640399817412NN
trade0.0237821918091848NN
conservation0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
activity0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.30753886595207
WordScorePoS
require0VB
local0.0275274877486226JJ
population0.0137637438743113NN
trade0NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
economic0JJ
activity0.0190167691930804NN

The drivers of ecosystem and biodiversity degradation must be addressed through policies with actionable goals limination of perverse subsidies that deplete ecosystem services and the reallocation of funds towards their preservation Promotion of water efficiency technologies and increased water productivity in agriculture Chapter eduction of nutrient loading through wiser fertilizer use Improved mitigation of destructive environmental impacts in extractive industries orrection of market failures that cause environmental degradation and reater involvement and capacity building of stakeholders and greater accountability and transparency in decisionmaking regarding ecosystem conservation Boelee

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.51373498452335
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
biodiversity0NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0NN
goal0NN
subsidy0NN
deplete0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0NN
nutrient0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
industry0NN
market0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.484331490257643
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
address0NN
policy0NN
goal0NN
subsidy0NN
deplete0VB
service0.0127200410376242NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
efficiency0NN
technology0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
nutrient0NN
improve0VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0.0137637438743113NN
industry0NN
market0NN
capacity0.0158976666884135NN
building0NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.398949139500938
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
biodiversity0NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
address0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
goal0NN
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
deplete0VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
technology0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
nutrient0NN
improve0VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
industry0NN
market0.0169905820958638NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
building0NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.281332905389306
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
biodiversity0.0651400632663124NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0NN
goal0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
deplete0.0531983120572613VB
service0NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
efficiency0NN
technology0.0238835024181023NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0NN
nutrient0.0531983120572613NN
improve0.00996343157341984VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0.0531983120572613JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0.042459973210532NN
industry0.0401833161726777NN
market0.0333211986002325NN
capacity0.0081738237776987NN
building0NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0.0803666323453555NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.225780241882529
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
biodiversity0NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
goal0NN
subsidy0NN
deplete0VB
service0.0148023490369527NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
agriculture0NN
nutrient0NN
improve0VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
impact0.0160169090870187NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
market0.0377086395700813NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.209359752467964
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
biodiversity0NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
goal0NN
subsidy0NN
deplete0VB
service0NN
fund0NN
promotion0.0249900578719309NN
water0NN
efficiency0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0NN
nutrient0NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0NN
industry0NN
market0.030649619577211NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
building0.149940347231585NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
accountability0.048933054487825NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.206640419478366
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
biodiversity0.0714379839896614NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0NN
goal0NN
subsidy0.0357189919948307NN
deplete0VB
service0.0143446978608332NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0NN
efficiency0NN
technology0.0130963126055467NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
nutrient0NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0NN
industry0NN
market0.0913569596328122NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
building0NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.12087466584686
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
biodiversity0NN
degradation0NN
address0NN
policy0NN
goal0NN
subsidy0NN
deplete0VB
service0.0451471467893167NN
fund0NN
promotion0NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
productivity0NN
agriculture0NN
nutrient0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
mitigation0NN
destructive0JJ
environmental0JJ
impact0NN
industry0NN
market0NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
stakeholder0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
decisionmake0NN
conservation0NN

Ecosystem based management must be adaptive and incremental beginning with specific objective focused on few issues later these issues can be increased in number and scope

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.497277835086082
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
adaptive0JJ
specific0JJ
objective0NN
focus0NN
issue0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.4331320738594
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
adaptive0.0548233071065585JJ
specific0JJ
objective0NN
focus0.0279982034978914NN
issue0.0335649154577099NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.336667214902573
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
adaptive0JJ
specific0.0542519672965169JJ
objective0NN
focus0NN
issue0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.325054780206605
WordScorePoS
ecosystem0.0229784274580034NN
base0.058665107245718NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
adaptive0JJ
specific0JJ
objective0NN
focus0NN
issue0NN
increase0.00470029406779661NN

WATER AND THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PART ADDRESSING CRITICAL DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGES Chapters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79770012041698
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322378592783568
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dimension0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.290721819426352
WordScorePoS
water0NN
dimension0.181686110904276NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN

Water sanitation and hygiene

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.975021559129115
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.1773057083553
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN

Urbanization

Label: 11, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
urbanization0.146277152173395NN

Food and agriculture

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.88208621528619
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.428938871256807
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN

Energy

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.954096131466416
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258405227354763
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN

Industry

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.976457178276353
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN

Adapting to climate variability and change Uzbek women Khiva Uzbekistan Photo Global Water Partnership The interlinkages between water and sustainable development reach far beyond its social economic and environmental dimensions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.620628320678879
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
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Water plays vital role in various aspects and challenges related to sustainable development including human health food and energy security urbanization industrial growth and climate change

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Part of this Report defines critical challenge areas where policies and actions at the core of sustainable development can be strengthened or weakened through water

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Chapter reflects on the role of water sanitation and hygiene WASH in achieving sustainable development and outlines key challenges to achieving sustained universal coverage

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Chapter covers the challenges associated with rapid urbanization describing how cities provide opportunities for more sustainable use of water

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Chapter focuses on what is required to achieve world free from hunger and malnutrition in sustainable manner

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Chapter addresses the challenges of meeting rising energy demands without compromising the sustainability of freshwater resources

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Chapter examines water role in the pursuit of sustainable industrial development

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Finally Chapter describes how sustainable freshwater resources management is affected by climate variability and change

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Addressing critical developmental challenges Water sanitation and hygiene UNICEF and WHO | Robert Bain Richard Johnston Cecilia Scharp Rifat Hossain Bruce Gordon and Sanjay Wijesekera This chapter reflects on the role of water sanitation and hygiene WASH in achieving sustainable development and outlines key challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve and sustain universal coverage

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implications of inadequate WASH for education cognitive development and nutrition are not fully documented and inadequate WASH is one of many deprivations suffered by the world poorest and most marginalized populations

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WASH is fundamentally important to lives and livelihoods and underpins poverty alleviation and sustainable development Figure

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At basic level everyone needs access to safe water in adequate quantities for drinking cooking and personal hygiene and sanitation facilities that do not compromise health or dignity

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Lack of WASH takes huge toll on health and well being and comes at large financial cost including sizeable loss of economic activity in many countries not just least developed countries

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While the impacts are most pronounced in lower income countries challenges remain in wealthier nations where concerns regarding water safety and environmental sustainability persist alongside inequalities

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Many of the broader Access to water and sanitation is recognized as human right and has long been central aim of international development policies and targets UNCESCR UNGA

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The MDGs sought to halve the proportion of the population without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation between and UNGA

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The Figure

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The author is staff member of the World Health Organization

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The author alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the views decisions or policies of the World Health Organization

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Nothing contained herein shall be construed as waiver of any of the privileges and immunities enjoyed by WHO under national or international law and or as submitting WHO to any national court jurisdiction

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.875480346525716
WordScorePoS
national0.0294647633960925JJ
international0.0189945307832458JJ
law0.164686343640793NN

Schematic of criteria for sustainable water sanitation and hygiene services and their key impacts on sustainable development Sustainable Development Economy Environment Equity Direct Reduced burden of collecting water when on premises Lower medical expenses Affordability including for the poor Direct Reduced water wastage and avoiding overexploitation Adequate treatment of excreta and wastewater to protect the natural environment Direct isease prevention ignity chool attendance especially for adolescent girls Indirect Educated and healthy workforce Industry and commerce Indirect Sustainable environmental services Indirect ull participation in society educed poverty ender equality Underpinning Human Rights WASH criteria Normative Availability safety acceptability accessibility and affordability Cross cutting Non discrimination participation accountability impact and sustainability Source Authors and UNGA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.694684577973038
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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development0NN
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direct0JJ
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wastewater0.204998018174509NN
protect0.0153390539205676VB
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girl0.0295155485671997NN
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healthy0JJ
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human0.0127979231406811JJ
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source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338446109545553
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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development0.022306853314744NN
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direct0JJ
reduce0.022306853314744VB
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poor0.0339811641917276JJ
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treatment0NN
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natural0.0509717462875914JJ
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adolescent0JJ
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environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
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human0.0101607690729067JJ
rights0NNS
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source0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.298479068287719
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
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key0NN
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direct0JJ
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natural0.0376648791150643JJ
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human0JJ
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accountability0NN
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source0.0269969049497485NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.270290634373878
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
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key0NN
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economy0.0465610847355851NN
environment0NN
direct0JJ
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wastewater0NN
protect0VB
natural0.0285529457667019JJ
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girl0.393804437159645NN
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participation0.0465610847355851NN
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poverty0NN
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human0.0170753354211044JJ
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.208845657244436
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
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key0NN
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development0.00837573444202498NN
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wastewater0NN
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adolescent0.215415047323213JJ
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environmental0JJ
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human0JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.173849128064117
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
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hygiene0NN
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key0NN
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development0.0330049940546426NN
economy0NN
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direct0JJ
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adolescent0JJ
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source0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.10694021725428
WordScorePoS
criterion0NN
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
service0NN
key0NN
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development0.0279277626235394NN
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direct0JJ
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treatment0NN
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human0.0152653111258778JJ
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source0NN

WWDR Water sanitation and hygiene Hand washing with soap is one of the important elements of hygiene in WASH although it did not form part of MDG monitoring

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.957375170920661
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
form0NN
monitor0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.18097252304587
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
form0NN
monitor0.0332151194779746NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.129945729974808
WordScorePoS
water0NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
form0.158049144643351NN
monitor0NN

Globally the prevalence of hand washing with soap is very low with some estimates suggesting four out of five people do not wash their hands after contact with excreta Freeman et al

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Moreover many challenges remain in addressing concerns about the adequacy of WASH services and ensuring their sustainability Box

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.448096913441488
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
remain0VB
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service0.0269743071558856NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.435468767003507
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
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service0.0451471467893167NN
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sustainability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.428191915237445
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
remain0.0396106020715138VB
address0.064698038783335NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
ensure0.00886732612541978VB
sustainability0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.366997854864913
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
remain0.049270765107907VB
address0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
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sustainability0NN

Return on WASH investments Investments in water and sanitation services result in substantial economic gains

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.84419971555909
WordScorePoS
return0NN
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
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substantial0JJ
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gain0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.281364034426813
WordScorePoS
return0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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service0.00666957305782837NN
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substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
gain0.0664302389559493NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.166101562984603
WordScorePoS
return0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
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substantial0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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In developing regions the return on investment has been estimated at US to US per dollar invested WHO

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.610076835628535
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.507858918096453
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.345160203005192
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
region0NN
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investment0.0766240489430275NN
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Overall US billion year over five year period would be needed to achieve universal coverage Hutton small sum given this represented less than

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.51744337145979
WordScorePoS
period0NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
universal0JJ
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
represent0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.437136583544211
WordScorePoS
period0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
coverage0NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB

of global world product in and since the return on investment is many times higher

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.419716080232131
WordScorePoS
global0.0201198688839505JJ
world0.00418824502414673NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.405378429522044
WordScorePoS
global0.00736619084902312JJ
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return0.107490825192354NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.381705232391199
WordScorePoS
global0.0220597476338268JJ
world0.00172202218602071NN
product0.0591643007226199NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.364938747200445
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
world0.00257642711761688NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
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investment0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.342770300648861
WordScorePoS
global0.0133009891881297JJ
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product0NN
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Despite the potential for sizeable returns on investment sustainable financing has not yet been attained in many settings raising questions about who should pay and what the barriers to investment are

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.567898136549463
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.461337134630736
WordScorePoS
potential0.0454743001434393NN
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barrier0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.313744017737775
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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In many cases capital investments are made without adequate financial planning BOX

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.52816053784598
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
financial0.0112376090361851JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.429905299543245
WordScorePoS
investment0.0376648791150643NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.416336113513093
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.336116455829214
WordScorePoS
investment0.0202620733250388NN
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financial0.0298222075472138JJ
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or investment in maintenance operations and monitoring AMCOW WaterAid India Barnard et al

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.807232198169918
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
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This leads to poor levels of service e

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.688241353097505
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
level0.0113874611101829NN
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quality reliability acceptability lower usage and in some cases permanent failure

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.800920269958952
WordScorePoS
quality0.076326555629389NN

Such unsustainable financing not only reduces the benefits but also wastes available capital resulting in lower coverage per dollar spent

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.689480911360802
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.344038248627599
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
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From the user perspective the affordability of WASH services is of utmost importance and may influence access especially for the poor

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.70879430171997
WordScorePoS
user0NN
perspective0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
influence0NN
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The financing of water and sanitation including the proportion contributed by households varies greatly WHO as does willingness to pay for water and sanitation services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.9405911476056
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.248053467449623
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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include0VB
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service0.00666957305782837NN

Data on household contributions are few and generally available at the national level preventing assessments of affordability for the poorest

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.476435601206351
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
household0NN
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national0.0294647633960925JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.331660905831744
WordScorePoS
datum0.0739231123597559NN
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national0.0134132459226336JJ
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.329663741632357
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.324031371021899
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.304541617277399
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
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In most countries regressive cost structures predominate whereby low volume consumers pay premium on per volume basis

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.853658489501625
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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There are some notable exceptions such as South Africa Box

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

where basic level of service is free to the end user

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.535250289867341
WordScorePoS
basic0JJ
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free0.0898760357768464JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.419680173392905
WordScorePoS
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
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free0JJ
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.408069800112253
WordScorePoS
basic0.0433695758119029JJ
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free0.0499016491051341JJ
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.323426216858598
WordScorePoS
basic0.0583751976558017JJ
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In order to reap the full benefits of these services greater emphasis is needed on ensuring that services last

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.498949304091769
WordScorePoS
full0.0465610847355851JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.402099394255543
WordScorePoS
full0JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.315102606356133
WordScorePoS
full0.030745604615229JJ
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In many settings services are not living up to their potential with intermittency daily problem for piped supplies even in

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.561425943136983
WordScorePoS
setting0VBG
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daily0RB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.522524958802959
WordScorePoS
setting0VBG
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.356986726705035
WordScorePoS
setting0.0407408489778079VBG
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BOX WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation JMP reports impressive gains made over the last two decades with

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.895882231644933
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.36464877191952
WordScorePoS
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
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billion people gaining access to an improved drinking water source and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.930949939914119
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
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drinking0.206460189193271NN
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source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262620570061455
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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billion to an improved sanitation facility WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.935399425091636
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

Of those gaining access to drinking water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.940766160421982
WordScorePoS
gain0.041835863322702NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296182882729542
WordScorePoS
gain0.0664302389559493NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

billion now use higher level of service piped water supply on premises

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882017099108707
WordScorePoS
level0.00647010760354177NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.376426161536167
WordScorePoS
level0.00513687014008325NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN

However much still needs to be done million do not use an improved source of drinking water and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.960329245916259
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.205024534567266
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
source0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

billion do not use an improved sanitation facility

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.935399425091636
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

Moreover not all of those using improved facilities have fulfilled their rights for example an estimated

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.749656417783627
WordScorePoS
improve0.0305306222517556VB
facility0.0815069365350084NN
rights0.0352060273355634NNS
estimate0.0299609328954485NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.333194689734501
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
facility0NN
rights0.078760887431929NNS
estimate0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.327864254483205
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
facility0NN
rights0.0175975629039954NNS
estimate0.059903311017139NN

billion people drink water contaminated with Escherichia coli an indicator of faecal contamination Bain et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.93664606695718
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
water0.556409482163189NN
contaminate0.0683326727248364VB
contamination0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.287074017691092
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
water0.186896403054502NN
contaminate0VB
contamination0NN

focus on providing for the poorest leads to more equitable WASH outcomes in South Africa With the ending of apartheid the Government of South Africa prioritized the provision of basic services including water supply sanitation and energy services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.724259985790535
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
provide0VB
poorest0.0348974218717993JJS
lead0NN
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
outcome0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
government0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.451084633372971
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
provide0VB
poorest0JJS
lead0.0383371018038178NN
equitable0JJ
outcome0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
government0NN
provision0NN
basic0JJ
service0.0451471467893167NN
include0VB
water0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
sanitation0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304179787359406
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
poorest0JJS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
equitable0JJ
outcome0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
government0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN

Ambitious targets were set within policy framework that included free basic water and free basic sanitation for households with resources below the social grant amount approximately US per day

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.643972650817043
WordScorePoS
target0NN
set0NN
policy0NN
framework0NN
include0VB
free0JJ
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
household0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
social0JJ
amount0NN
approximately0RB
day0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.474657091131061
WordScorePoS
target0NN
set0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
framework0.0319966432858631NN
include0VB
free0JJ
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
household0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
amount0.0614198493690006NN
approximately0RB
day0.25973846344589NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296512468582482
WordScorePoS
target0NN
set0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
include0VB
free0.0332151194779746JJ
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
amount0NN
approximately0RB
day0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.32100251471855
WordScorePoS
target0.0898760357768464NN
set0.0978661089756501NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
framework0.0130185595639838NN
include0VB
free0.0898760357768464JJ
basic0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
household0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
social0JJ
amount0NN
approximately0RB
day0NN

million people benefitted from free services for water and sanitation respectively

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.925164660410194
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
benefit0NN
free0JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.239156908245569
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
benefit0NN
free0.0332151194779746JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN

Persistently non functioning community supplies Failure to treat wastewater or safely handle excreta Leakage and intermittency of utility piped water Increasing water scarcity and low priority given to domestic water use Inadequate investment in maintenance and operations Resources were provided to decentralized organizations charged with providing basic WASH services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.903894204555649
WordScorePoS
function0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN
supplies0NNS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
water0.556409482163189NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
priority0NN
domestic0JJ
inadequate0.0836717266454039JJ
investment0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
organization0NN
provide0VB
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.2795855851098
WordScorePoS
function0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN
supplies0NNS
wastewater0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
scarcity0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
domestic0JJ
inadequate0JJ
investment0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
organization0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN

Strong monitoring frameworks were put in place to track progress against the targets

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.666057566816738
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
framework0.0130185595639838NN
progress0.017987180284335NN
target0.0898760357768464NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.375711224964119
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
monitor0NN
framework0.0428212738652355NN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
target0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.325958018625332
WordScorePoS
strong0.0488696285210061JJ
monitor0.0396106020715138NN
framework0NN
progress0NN
target0NN

Although the time frame for reaching the targets of universal coverage have not been met major gains in access have been achieved especially for the poor and those living in rural areas

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.548870288281665
WordScorePoS
time0.0182713919265625NN
reach0NN
target0.0357189919948307NN
universal0JJ
coverage0NN
meet0.0881366997038154VB
major0JJ
gain0NN
access0.00749031153171887NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
live0.0143446978608332VB
rural0.148975141598503JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.481004961602083
WordScorePoS
time0NN
reach0NN
target0NN
universal0JJ
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
meet0VB
major0JJ
gain0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
live0.0739258553811849VB
rural0JJ

There remains however major challenge in attracting and retaining professional staff to manage operate and maintain WASH infrastructure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.61251304142343
WordScorePoS
remains0.0454743001434393NNS
major0.0160169090870187JJ
challenge0NN
attract0VB
manage0VB
operate0VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.409183167997953
WordScorePoS
remains0NNS
major0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
attract0VB
manage0VB
operate0VB
maintain0.055245183797332VB
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.363551781143502
WordScorePoS
remains0NNS
major0.0325677023224526JJ
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
attract0VB
manage0VB
operate0VB
maintain0VB
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.322206796911193
WordScorePoS
remains0NNS
major0JJ
challenge0NN
attract0VB
manage0.0297950283197006VB
operate0VB
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN

Source UNGA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
WordScorePoS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
WordScorePoS
source0.0269969049497485NN

Source WHO p

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
WordScorePoS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
WordScorePoS
source0.0269969049497485NN

Examples of unsustainable WASH Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges major cities and functionality of community sources and hygienic sanitation facilities not always assured

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.804917497136325
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
major0JJ
city0.607697021770652NN
community0NN
source0NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.478322168881585
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0JJ
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
major0JJ
city0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

The problem of non functioning supplies and unused sanitation facilities is symptomatic of unsustainable or misdirected financing and mismatch between supply and demand

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.834941436640836
WordScorePoS
function0NN
supplies0NNS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN
unsustainable0JJ
financing0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
demand0NN

This points to the need for greater accountability enhanced monitoring as well as adequate financing for continued operations and maintenance

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.702318577762623
WordScorePoS
accountability0.048933054487825NN
enhance0.0601477977507998VB
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
adequate0JJ
financing0.036961556179878NN
continue0VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.437125533126093
WordScorePoS
accountability0NN
enhance0.0112376090361851VB
monitor0NN
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
financing0NN
continue0.0537696560159885VB

This is not restricted to lower income countries

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.756711939782219
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.502955471427553
WordScorePoS
income0.110649350233433NN
country0NN

The investment deficit for ageing infrastructure in the United States has been estimated at US billion by ASCE

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.76119460477061
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
unite0VB
estimate0.0221298700466866NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.382359405898966
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
unite0.036961556179878VB
estimate0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.312499088718428
WordScorePoS
investment0.0383371018038178NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
unite0VB
estimate0NN

Water services should also be located close to or ideally within the home in order to ensure that time can be used more productively since opportunity costs are an important contributor to the overall return on investment WHO and to support good hygiene

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.789267202211822
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
time0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
cost0NN
contributor0NN
return0NN
investment0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.268344164796473
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
time0.0169905820958638NN
opportunity0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
contributor0NN
return0NN
investment0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
hygiene0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.322000357173667
WordScorePoS
water0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
ensure0.0251662980592747VB
time0NN
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN
cost0NN
contributor0.122412709674631NN
return0NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN
support0.0188084899376888NN
hygiene0NN

the risk of contamination due in part to more frequent and intense flooding WHO DFID

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.539764920905246
WordScorePoS
risk0.0703902516159815NN
contamination0.0407408489778079NN
due0JJ
flooding0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.504620976230143
WordScorePoS
risk0.0519476926891779NN
contamination0NN
due0.0519476926891779JJ
flooding0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.405762993036174
WordScorePoS
risk0.0252000451111224NN
contamination0NN
due0JJ
flooding0.0583416713841148NN

Pollution of the environment in other spheres can also influence the ability to provide adequate quantities of highquality drinking water or the costs and energy required to do so

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.682308809800505
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
environment0NN
sphere0NN
influence0NN
ability0NN
provide0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
cost0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
require0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.501687516108543
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
sphere0NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
require0.0468670845659596VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.389362050269256
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
environment0NN
sphere0NN
influence0NN
ability0NN
provide0VB
adequate0JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
cost0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
require0VB

Ensuring water safety requires focus on source protection rational use of fertilizer and pesticides and reducing industrial pollution as integral elements of comprehensive water safety planning

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.810920474717152
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
safety0NN
require0VB
focus0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
protection0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
industrial0JJ
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
integral0JJ
plan0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316268073060528
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
safety0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
focus0NN
source0NN
protection0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
industrial0JJ
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
integral0JJ
plan0.0144336476662975NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.303220936906081
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
safety0NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
focus0.030745604615229NN
source0.0135141354781442NN
protection0NN
reduce0VB
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
pollution0NN
integral0JJ
plan0NN

In many lower income countries bottled water is privilege of the wealthy who may resort to it due to lack of trust in the safety of municipal supplies exacerbating inequalities

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.711639234962729
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
water0NN
due0JJ
lack0NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS
inequality0.635305170773079NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.56524322377882
WordScorePoS
income0NN
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
lack0.0214003646985842NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS
inequality0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.186683311556198
WordScorePoS
income0NN
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
lack0NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS
inequality0NN

Environmental implications The quantities of water required for domestic uses and especially ingestion are generally very small compared to those for agriculture and industry litres per person per day for drinking and personal hygiene is considered to be basic access WHO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.741201548749813
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
domestic0JJ
compare0VB
agriculture0NN
industry0NN
person0NN
day0.0295155485671997NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
personal0JJ
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.324029990040703
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
water0NN
require0VB
domestic0JJ
compare0VB
agriculture0NN
industry0NN
person0.0442083771593746NN
day0.25973846344589NN
drinking0NN
personal0JJ
hygiene0NN
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304624418383192
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
domestic0JJ
compare0VB
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
industry0NN
person0NN
day0NN
drinking0NN
personal0.0542519672965169JJ
hygiene0NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.29559863740686
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
compare0VB
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
person0NN
day0NN
drinking0NN
personal0JJ
hygiene0NN
basic0.0480507272610562JJ
access0.0128821355880844NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.138148042232664
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
water0NN
require0VB
domestic0JJ
compare0VB
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN
person0.0214456704626236NN
day0NN
drinking0NN
personal0JJ
hygiene0NN
basic0JJ
access0.00749031153171887NN

Domestic water accounts for at most of freshwater withdrawals FAO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.907292521077916
WordScorePoS
domestic0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324131928508525
WordScorePoS
domestic0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
freshwater0NN
withdrawal0NN

Yet the availability of water and sanitation services is intimately linked to the wider policies and practices in water management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.917265390409843
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
policy0NN
practice0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309119279740819
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Unregulated abstraction can influence local availability of water and its quality with negative repercussions for water services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898355441601027
WordScorePoS
unregulated0JJ
influence0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362019089793643
WordScorePoS
unregulated0JJ
influence0.0542519672965169NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Changing climate is also expected to influence water resource availability putting more pressure on already stretched resources and increasing Strong growth of bottled and sachet water as main drinking water source in urban settings Proportion of the urban population Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771841736841441
WordScorePoS
change0NN
climate0NN
expect0VB
influence0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
availability0NN
put0VBN
pressure0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
strong0JJ
growth0NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
figure0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.344084954611583
WordScorePoS
change0.0315914058171786NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
expect0VB
influence0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
availability0NN
put0VBN
pressure0.055245183797332NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
strong0JJ
growth0NN
drinking0NN
source0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
setting0VBG
proportion0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284984629522449
WordScorePoS
change0NN
climate0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
influence0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
availability0NN
put0VBN
pressure0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
strong0JJ
growth0NN
drinking0NN
source0NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
proportion0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
figure0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.284726795453644
WordScorePoS
change0.402565546215053NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
expect0.0335649154577099VB
influence0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
availability0NN
put0VBN
pressure0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
strong0JJ
growth0NN
drinking0NN
source0.0123065238088614NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
proportion0NN
population0NN
figure0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.116339046782323
WordScorePoS
change0NN
climate0NN
expect0VB
influence0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
availability0NN
put0VBN
pressure0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
strong0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
drinking0NN
source0NN
urban0JJ
setting0VBG
proportion0.0252035516550537NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
figure0NN

As societies develop their water usage patterns change

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.699746464567629
WordScorePoS
society0NN
develop0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
pattern0NN
change0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.558349304420031
WordScorePoS
society0NN
develop0VB
water0NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338114636206464
WordScorePoS
society0NN
develop0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
change0NN

Global trends in the use of different water sources demonstrate shift towards piped water on premises especially in urban areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.897203504031006
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
urban0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30027021024781
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
urban0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.282652902282954
WordScorePoS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
source0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ

Use of piped water can be highly beneficial for societal well being however it also generates tendency to raise the quantity of water used per capita increasing stress on local water resources and wastewater Lao People Democratic Republic Indonesia Philippines Ghana Turkey Source Authors analysis based on data compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation JMP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.910624149862776
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
highly0RB
generate0VB
raise0NN
capita0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
stress0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
democratic0JJ
source0.0613562156822703NN
base0NN
datum0NN
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programme0.0153390539205676NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.332413351367617
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
highly0RB
generate0VB
raise0.0332151194779746NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
wastewater0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
democratic0JJ
source0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
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monitor0.0332151194779746NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN

WWDR Water sanitation and hygiene treatment facilities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.967601987232441
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
facility0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.170178113998062
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
treatment0NN
facility0NN

In addition household surveys show marked increase in the use of packaged waters bottles and sachets in several countries Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.857238802690364
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
household0NN
survey0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
country0NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381871163895982
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
survey0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
country0NN
figure0NN

Although globally this is small proportion of people with an estimated of people primarily relying on bottled water in WHO and UNICEF there are concerns about the environmental sustainability of packaging water especially the plastic waste and affordability of this trend

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.825891482904191
WordScorePoS
globally0RB
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
estimate0NN
primarily0RB
rely0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN
waste0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.473516853281319
WordScorePoS
globally0RB
proportion0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
primarily0RB
rely0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
waste0.138532104381853NN

In many lower income countries bottled water is privilege of the wealthy who may resort to it due to lack of trust in the safety of municipal supplies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.789334695588936
WordScorePoS
income0NN
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
lack0.0214003646985842NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.260694173233303
WordScorePoS
income0NN
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
lack0NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.206338435309169
WordScorePoS
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
water0NN
due0JJ
lack0NN
safety0NN
municipal0JJ
supplies0NNS

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.357126380292607
WordScorePoS
income0NN
country0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
due0JJ
lack0.0229054731708393NN
safety0.0731385760866977NN
municipal0.0731385760866977JJ
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS

Lack of sanitation and poor management of excreta has detrimental impact on the environment

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.710669340092525
WordScorePoS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
detrimental0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
environment0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.333708767889845
WordScorePoS
lack0.0753297582301286NN
sanitation0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
management0NN
detrimental0JJ
impact0NN
environment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.426142054938945
WordScorePoS
lack0NN
sanitation0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
detrimental0.0542519672965169JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
environment0.079769385071606NN

In many countries the demand for sewer connected sanitation coverage has meant increases in connections without due attention to treatment and disposal of wastewater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.92075403162268
WordScorePoS
country0NN
demand0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
coverage0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
attention0.041835863322702NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN

Although data are few estimates suggest that even in upper middle income countries wastewater from of households with sewer connections may not receive adequate treatment Baum et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.486481470257359
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
estimate0NN
suggest0VB
middle0JJ
income0NN
country0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
household0NN
receive0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
treatment0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.419934802653413
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
estimate0NN
suggest0VB
middle0JJ
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
wastewater0NN
household0.0330412182586772NN
receive0VB
adequate0JJ
treatment0.0330412182586772NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.539296185127474
WordScorePoS
datum0.0454743001434393NN
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suggest0.0602029956716497VB
middle0.0602029956716497JJ
income0.110649350233433NN
country0NN
wastewater0NN
household0NN
receive0VB
adequate0JJ
treatment0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.36801333379818
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
estimate0.059903311017139NN
suggest0VB
middle0JJ
income0NN
country0NN
wastewater0NN
household0NN
receive0.0814816979556159VB
adequate0JJ
treatment0.0624189222007589NN

The impact of releasing untreated human excreta to the environment is substantial with negative impacts on rivers lakes and coastal waters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.800217440056363
WordScorePoS
impact0.0181797964452808NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
environment0NN
substantial0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
lake0.103230094596636NN
coastal0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.468581809667892
WordScorePoS
impact0.0866018859977851NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
untreated0JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
environment0.079769385071606NN
substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
lake0.0409791940864438NN
coastal0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.3124168977311
WordScorePoS
impact0.042459973210532NN
release0NN
untreated0JJ
human0.0199268631468397JJ
environment0NN
substantial0JJ
river0NN
lake0NN
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
water0.0333211986002325NN

Furthermore the WHO and UNICEF JMP finds that one billion people do not use sanitation facility and instead defecate in the open WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.928788557627979
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN

In addition to the clear risk to the health of communities where open defecation takes place the consequences for water and the environment are severe

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.776484187966976
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
risk0NN
health0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN
defecation0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
environment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381712262388876
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
risk0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
community0.0169905820958638NN
defecation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
environment0.079769385071606NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.360583570047395
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
risk0.0703902516159815NN
health0.191387734041787NN
community0NN
defecation0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
environment0NN

The ideal solution from sustainability perspective is to find productive uses for wastewater especially in agriculture thus relieving stress on water resources and treatment facilities as well as avoiding loss of nutrients

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771758126439356
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
sustainability0NN
perspective0NN
productive0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
agriculture0NN
stress0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
facility0NN
avoid0VB
loss0NN
nutrient0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381074820043568
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
perspective0NN
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wastewater0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
treatment0NN
facility0NN
avoid0VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
nutrient0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.279305077453593
WordScorePoS
solution0.0357189919948307NN
sustainability0NN
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productive0.0714379839896614JJ
wastewater0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
stress0NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
treatment0NN
facility0NN
avoid0VB
loss0NN
nutrient0NN

Where wastewater is to be treated minimizing the amount of wastewater generated improves the potential for adequate and efficient treatment

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875452467665607
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
minimize0.041835863322702VB
amount0NN
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potential0NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
efficient0JJ
treatment0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306045675858612
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
amount0NN
generate0VB
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adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
treatment0NN

In countries where robust regulations and wastewater treatment exist reducing energy use is key challenge requiring innovative approaches

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.749427054219045
WordScorePoS
country0NN
regulation0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
exist0VB
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
require0VB
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352176809662214
WordScorePoS
country0NN
regulation0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
energy0.133960988253756NN
key0NN
challenge0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
approach0.0542519672965169NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.32066527421072
WordScorePoS
country0NN
regulation0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
exist0VB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
energy0.0153390539205676NN
key0NN
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Reducing disparities and enhancing services Sustainable development and human rights perspectives both call for reductions in inequalities and tackling disparities in access to services UNGA

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.867014782560081
WordScorePoS
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
enhance0.00994073584907126VB
service0.00795378154685591NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
human0JJ
rights0NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN
tackle0.064698038783335VB
access0.00138439773401932NN

The human right to water and sanitation sets normative and crosscutting criteria against which the adequacy of WASH services is to be judged Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.931485460852645
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
set0NN
criterion0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208012229445446
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
set0NN
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service0.00666957305782837NN
figure0NN

For WASH services to meet individual needs they must be aesthetically and culturally acceptable so that people are willing to and continue to use them reliable functional and physically accessible for all including the elderly and disabled

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.526816275278875
WordScorePoS
service0.0451471467893167NN
meet0VB
individual0JJ
people0.0108156764915259NNS
continue0VB
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
accessible0JJ
include0VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.5307454131608
WordScorePoS
service0.0269743071558856NN
meet0VB
individual0JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
continue0.0537696560159885VB
reliable0JJ
accessible0.110490367594664JJ
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Services must be appropriate for given population and setting and therefore must be selected and managed in such way as Chapter Public toilet in the shanty town of Ciudad Pachacutec Ventanilla District El Callao Province Peru Photo Monica Tijero World Bank to enable participation from wide range of stakeholders including the customers

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.53950292868868
WordScorePoS
service0NN
population0NN
set0.0978661089756501NN
manage0VB
public0.0390556786919513NN
toilet0NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
bank0.036961556179878NN
enable0.0499801157438617VB
participation0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
include0VB

Pronounced disparities in access to WASH services for example between regions rural and urban areas and socio economic groups are well documented WHO and UNICEF

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.559854179741117
WordScorePoS
disparity0NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
region0NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
document0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.478608128995372
WordScorePoS
disparity0NN
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region0.184259548107002NN
rural0JJ
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economic0.0959899298575892JJ
document0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.291162172387919
WordScorePoS
disparity0NN
access0.00749031153171887NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
urban0JJ
economic0JJ
document0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.220172916802701
WordScorePoS
disparity0NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
region0NN
rural0JJ
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
document0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.353268861343494
WordScorePoS
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
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region0NN
rural0.0330412182586772JJ
urban0.0488696285210061JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
document0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.34938622030666
WordScorePoS
disparity0NN
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region0.0465610847355851NN
rural0JJ
urban0JJ
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
document0.0911713013253052NN

In order to achieve universal access there is need for accelerated progress in disadvantaged groups and to ensure non discrimination in WASH service provision

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.560015093212746
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
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access0.00780347258345989NN
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discrimination0.111637082206855NN
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provision0.0558185411034276NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.539673142702375
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
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access0.00514687440545096NN
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
progress0NN
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Whereas some countries have made remarkable progress in reducing inequalities in others these gains have largely bypassed the poor and marginalized

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.884466760793785
WordScorePoS
country0NN
remarkable0JJ
progress0NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
inequality0.635305170773079NN
gain0NN
poor0JJ
marginalize0.0488696285210061VB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.355425204250148
WordScorePoS
country0NN
remarkable0.120266261535276JJ
progress0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
inequality0NN
gain0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
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Ethiopia provides an example of country that has made great progress during the period of working towards the MDGs substantially increasing sanitation coverage and doing so equitably across wealth quintiles and regions Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.617279587252475
WordScorePoS
country0NN
progress0NN
period0NN
substantially0RB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
coverage0NN
quintile0NN
region0NN
figure0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.494017798997838
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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substantially0RB
increase0NN
sanitation0NN
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
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region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.430767419681753
WordScorePoS
country0NN
progress0.0449274832628543NN
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substantially0RB
increase0.0143984997539974NN
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coverage0.0307735781890304NN
quintile0NN
region0.124837844401518NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.308884010641125
WordScorePoS
country0NN
progress0.0221298700466866NN
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substantially0RB
increase0.0159575617614215NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
coverage0NN
quintile0NN
region0NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

In years Ethiopia reduced open defecation from to WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.810321146898617
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
defecation0.0683326727248364NN

Coverage alone does not fully reflect inequalities disparities are evident in the levels of service related to the safety accessibility and reliability of water services WHO and UNICEF

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.666540154859244
WordScorePoS
coverage0NN
fully0RB
reflect0VB
inequality0.635305170773079NN
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
level0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
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safety0NN
water0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.601888040230894
WordScorePoS
coverage0NN
fully0RB
reflect0VB
inequality0NN
disparity0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
safety0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242484800486631
WordScorePoS
coverage0NN
fully0RB
reflect0.0409791940864438VB
inequality0NN
disparity0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
safety0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Even in countries where the majority of the population uses piped water on premises certain minority groups may be neglected

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.888136297714217
WordScorePoS
country0NN
majority0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
water0.556409482163189NN
neglect0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.301649551892653
WordScorePoS
country0NN
majority0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
neglect0NN

For example an analysis of data from Bosnia and Herzegovina found only of the poorest Roma use an improved source of drinking water compared with of the general population WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.933947266781977
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
poorest0.0348974218717993JJS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
compare0VB
population0.0363595928905615NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.19862331968265
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
poorest0JJS
improve0VB
source0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
compare0VB
population0.0144336476662975NN

In order to ensure sustainability the type of service needs to be appropriate to the context and carefully chosen based on the available infrastructure human and financial resources

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.474057134096298
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
sustainability0NN
type0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
context0NN
base0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
financial0.0185001613201543JJ
resource0.0185001613201543NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.375877945829119
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
sustainability0NN
type0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
context0NN
base0.0442083771593746NN
infrastructure0NN
human0JJ
financial0.0184786920895884JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.341982749909507
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
sustainability0NN
type0.0688661930304451NN
service0.022416649027415NN
context0NN
base0NN
infrastructure0.024255976440725NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
financial0.0140083044329373JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN

For example the suggestion that everyone should aspire to sewer connected sanitation facility flush toilet can create great difficulties for achieving sustainable systems with adequate financing and especially suitable management of wastewater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.853046122354669
WordScorePoS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN
toilet0.0683326727248364NN
create0VB
difficulty0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
system0NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
financing0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN

Similarly in Addressing critical developmental challenges remote rural areas community sources such as boreholes can be more affordable than piped system and easier to maintain

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.641795009975845
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
community0.0182713919265625NN
source0.0130963126055467NN
affordable0JJ
system0.0756001353333673NN
maintain0.0881366997038154VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.493869150668148
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
community0NN
source0NN
affordable0.0458109463416786JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB

In these settings safe household storage is essential to avoid contamination and creating potential breeding grounds for disease vectors

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.758557624316935
WordScorePoS
setting0.0407408489778079VBG
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
household0NN
essential0.059903311017139JJ
avoid0VB
contamination0.0407408489778079NN
create0VB
potential0NN
breed0NN
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.351300717837037
WordScorePoS
setting0VBG
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
household0NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
avoid0VB
contamination0NN
create0VB
potential0NN
breed0NN
disease0.103230094596636NN

will shift towards attaining the additional benefits of higher levels of service as well as achieving environmental sustainability

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.429207043478753
WordScorePoS
attain0.048933054487825VB
additional0.036961556179878JJ
benefit0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
service0NN
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.388633038234759
WordScorePoS
attain0VB
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.337984926005352
WordScorePoS
attain0VB
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.31862129626819
WordScorePoS
attain0VB
additional0JJ
benefit0.0393804437159645NN
level0.0172651853471334NN
service0.022416649027415NN
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.304127171289604
WordScorePoS
attain0VB
additional0.0440683498519077JJ
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Globally key targets for sustainable WASH identified by wide stakeholder consultation include universal access to basic water sanitation and hygiene elimination of open defecation reduction of inequalities progressive improvement of service levels and safe management of water and excreta WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832542324457144
WordScorePoS
globally0RB
key0NN
target0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
identify0VB
wide0JJ
stakeholder0NN
include0VB
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
elimination0NN
defecation0.0683326727248364NN
reduction0NN
inequality0NN
improvement0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.337779656044968
WordScorePoS
globally0RB
key0NN
target0NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
identify0VB
wide0JJ
stakeholder0NN
include0VB
universal0.0145231653596925JJ
access0.00138439773401932NN
basic0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
elimination0NN
defecation0NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN
improvement0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
level0NN
safe0.0202620733250388JJ
management0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.238136302362693
WordScorePoS
globally0RB
key0NN
target0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
identify0VB
wide0JJ
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
include0VB
universal0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
elimination0NN
defecation0NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
inequality0NN
improvement0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
safe0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN

In order to achieve these goals there is need to focus on service delivery and not solely on capital costs ensure that services are financially viable enhance accountability and transparency in financing strengthen independent regulatory agencies and build capacity to monitor progress and assess inequalities in service

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.759457427141829
WordScorePoS
achieve0.018377882320743VB
goal0NN
focus0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN
ensure0.00886732612541978VB
enhance0.00994073584907126VB
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
financing0NN
strengthen0.00795378154685591VB
agency0NN
build0VB
capacity0NN
monitor0.0396106020715138NN
progress0NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.317899628143953
WordScorePoS
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
goal0NN
focus0NN
service0NN
cost0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
enhance0.0601477977507998VB
accountability0.048933054487825NN
transparency0NN
financing0.036961556179878NN
strengthen0.0120313639527759VB
agency0NN
build0.0499801157438617VB
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
progress0.017987180284335NN
inequality0NN

Creation of new infrastructure while essential will not suffice to increase sanitation and hygiene coverage

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.798423075630377
WordScorePoS
creation0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
increase0.00905621749519576NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
coverage0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.429739902488065
WordScorePoS
creation0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
essential0JJ
increase0.0159575617614215NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
hygiene0NN
coverage0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.256223081866765
WordScorePoS
creation0.160952962344818NN
infrastructure0NN
essential0JJ
increase0.00711043475673939NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
coverage0NN

A renewed focus on changing social norms is paramount

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.856992234396697
WordScorePoS
focus0.0279982034978914NN
change0.402565546215053NN
social0JJ

Household surveys and national censuses also indicate that there are disparities within households including gender

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.711970687651081
WordScorePoS
household0.0465610847355851NN
survey0NN
national0.0124956749436837JJ
disparity0NN
include0VB
gender0.196902218579822NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.443669364950595
WordScorePoS
household0.0330412182586772NN
survey0.064698038783335NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
include0VB
gender0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.393462574076894
WordScorePoS
household0NN
survey0NN
national0JJ
disparity0.0615662203253227NN
include0VB
gender0.10561808200669NN

Women and girls are often responsible for collecting water especially in rural sub Saharan Africa where many must spend at least half an hour to do so WHO and UNICEF and some make multiple trips taking up two to four hours day Pickering and Davis

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.597384747810156
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
responsible0JJ
water0NN
rural0JJ
saharan0.0335134328085675JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.578009703026002
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
responsible0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
rural0JJ
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.321092970136294
WordScorePoS
woman0.0450489732120807NN
girl0NN
responsible0JJ
water0NN
rural0JJ
saharan0.0442083771593746JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0.25973846344589NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.230246179202487
WordScorePoS
woman0.0546336178945768NN
girl0.0252000451111224NN
responsible0JJ
water0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.213309758677419
WordScorePoS
woman0.0610612445035112NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
responsible0JJ
water0NN
rural0JJ
saharan0.0299609328954485JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.171953699123647
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
girl0NN
responsible0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
rural0JJ
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
multiple0JJ
trip0NN
day0NN

At school lack of sanitation is more likely to hinder girl educational attainment than boy s

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.681017078366716
WordScorePoS
school0.0931221694711702NN
lack0NN
sanitation0NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
educational0JJ
boy0.206598579091335NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.54909150348216
WordScorePoS
school0.208127520578185NN
lack0.0255262687343935NN
sanitation0NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
educational0JJ
boy0.184698660975968NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.445748516827984
WordScorePoS
school0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
educational0.0683326727248364JJ
boy0NN

Women involvement in local management of water supplies improves the chances of successful outcomes UNEP illustrating the importance of inclusive and participatory approaches in sustainable water resource management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.7882535564045
WordScorePoS
woman0.0127979231406811NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
chance0NN
successful0JJ
outcome0NN
inclusive0JJ
participatory0JJ
approach0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.34661753734992
WordScorePoS
woman0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
improve0VB
chance0NN
successful0JJ
outcome0NN
inclusive0JJ
participatory0JJ
approach0.0542519672965169NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.183232749778515
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
local0JJ
management0NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
improve0VB
chance0NN
successful0JJ
outcome0.0465610847355851NN
inclusive0JJ
participatory0JJ
approach0NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
resource0.0280166088658745NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.331047046167732
WordScorePoS
woman0.0273960270556257NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
management0.0687164195125178NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
improve0.0273960270556257VB
chance0NN
successful0JJ
outcome0NN
inclusive0.0583751976558017JJ
participatory0.055245183797332JJ
approach0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
resource0.0449504361447405NN

Towards sustainable WASH services Many challenges remain in securing sustainable WASH services for present and future generations and ensuring that these services are within environmental limits

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.456172703135146
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
service0.0197870712294258NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
remain0.049270765107907VB
secure0.121575732851624JJ
future0NN
generation0NN
ensure0VB
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
limit0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.425330497268235
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
service0.0269743071558856NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
remain0VB
secure0JJ
future0.0373517915079663NN
generation0NN
ensure0.00501208088147356VB
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
limit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.339459663388757
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
service0.00666957305782837NN
challenge0NN
remain0VB
secure0JJ
future0.0277064208763707NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
limit0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.320320768486545
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN
challenge0NN
remain0VB
secure0JJ
future0NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
limit0.0368585655748969NN

The types of challenges vary considerably between countries with attaining basic access the priority in some and enhancing services and meeting environmental targets in others

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.501197202213135
WordScorePoS
type0NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
country0NN
attain0VB
basic0.0583751976558017JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
priority0NN
enhance0.0112376090361851VB
service0.0269743071558856NN
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
target0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.402922069977606
WordScorePoS
type0NN
challenge0NN
country0NN
attain0.048933054487825VB
basic0JJ
access0.00314118376811005NN
priority0NN
enhance0.0601477977507998VB
service0NN
environmental0JJ
target0.0898760357768464NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.351254789621052
WordScorePoS
type0NN
challenge0NN
country0NN
attain0VB
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
priority0NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
service0.0443555132287109NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
target0NN

As coverage continues to increase globally the emphasis Sanitation coverage in Ethiopia by province Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.7781675051701
WordScorePoS
coverage0NN
continue0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
globally0RB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.339293905349879
WordScorePoS
coverage0NN
continue0VB
increase0.0159575617614215NN
globally0RB
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

National Afar Somali Tigray Oromia Unimproved facilities BenishangulGumuz Dire Dawa Amhara Open defecation Gambela Improved and shared facilities Harar Southern Nations Nationalities and People's Region Addis Ababa Source WHO and UNICEF Fig

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.54356123354025
WordScorePoS
national0.0164833460638534JJ
facility0NN
defecation0NN
improve0VB
share0NN
southern0.0614198493690006JJ
nation0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
source0.0269969049497485NN

Reproduced with the permission of the publisher

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWDR Water sanitation and hygiene Urbanization UN Habitat | Bhushan Tuladhar Andre Dzikus and Robert Goodwin At the same time as centres for innovation cities provide opportunities for more sustainable use of water including treating used water to standards that enable it to be used again

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.849095508862022
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
urbanization0NN
habitat0NN
time0NN
centre0NN
innovation0NN
city0NN
provide0VB
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
include0VB
standard0NN
enable0VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.400396637505793
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
habitat0NN
time0NN
centre0NN
innovation0.0373517915079663NN
city0.607697021770652NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
opportunity0.0164178645080222NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
include0VB
standard0NN
enable0.0373517915079663VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.257761307599403
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
urbanization0NN
habitat0NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
centre0NN
innovation0NN
city0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
opportunity0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
include0VB
standard0.0409791940864438NN
enable0VB

They are well positioned to rapidly adopt conservation measures and the concentration of people in compact settlements can reduce the cost of providing services such as water supply and sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.813717847362602
WordScorePoS
rapidly0RB
adopt0VB
conservation0NN
measure0NN
concentration0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
settlement0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
cost0NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297635958467989
WordScorePoS
rapidly0RB
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
conservation0NN
measure0NN
concentration0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
settlement0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.250294017484236
WordScorePoS
rapidly0RB
adopt0.0229054731708393VB
conservation0NN
measure0NN
concentration0NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
settlement0.146277152173395NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
cost0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
service0.0269743071558856NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN

Furthermore cities can connect with their hinterlands and support the protection of water resources in their surrounding areas by actively engaging in watershed management or providing PES

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.698187753618441
WordScorePoS
city0.607697021770652NN
support0.0224752180723703NN
protection0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
engage0VB
management0.0687164195125178NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.539235024376729
WordScorePoS
city0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
protection0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
engage0VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
provide0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.318782518985403
WordScorePoS
city0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
protection0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
engage0.0819583881728876VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB

Challenges

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.799666530083443
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.446136416745782
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN

Access to water supply and sanitation Rapid urbanization increased industrialization and improving living standards generally combine to increase the overall demand for water in cities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.758064192402493
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
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rapid0JJ
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.447781796113862
WordScorePoS
access0.00626002771693937NN
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supply0NN
sanitation0NN
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industrialization0NN
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standard0NN
demand0NN
city0.607697021770652NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.372313497808597
WordScorePoS
access0.0128821355880844NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
supply0NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
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improve0VB
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demand0.030745604615229NN
city0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.238760285741757
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
rapid0JJ
urbanization0NN
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industrialization0NN
improve0VB
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standard0.0409791940864438NN
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city0NN

As shown in Figure

Label: 9, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
figure0.0602029956716497NN

by global water demand is projected to increase by mainly due to growing demand from manufacturing thermal electricity generation and domestic use all of which mainly results from growing urbanization in developing countries Chapter Although the MDG target on access to safe drinking water as measured by the proportion of population using an improved drinking water source see Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.871675873044602
WordScorePoS
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demand0NN
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grow0VB
manufacture0NN
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country0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.290659126653592
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
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domestic0JJ
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urbanization0NN
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drinking0NN
measure0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.229068528966348
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
project0NN
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due0JJ
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domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
result0NN
urbanization0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
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source0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.175976303055332
WordScorePoS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
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demand0NN
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due0JJ
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domestic0.0315914058171786JJ
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urbanization0.146277152173395NN
develop0VB
country0NN
target0NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
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was met in the progress in urban areas has not been able to keep up with the rapid pace of urbanization Figure

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.903749939621254
WordScorePoS
meet0VB
progress0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
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Between and the number of urban residents who did not have access to an improved drinking water source decreased by percentage point

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.865056335157164
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.42024634973957
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.185430031085663
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
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drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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However in absolute terms the number of people in urban areas without access to an improved drinking water source increased from million to million WHO and UNICEF indicating that

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.853329497325545
WordScorePoS
term0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
urban0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.349442170369394
WordScorePoS
term0NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
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increase0.00323105002784081NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.196380798387832
WordScorePoS
term0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.177847090274348
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
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drinking0NN
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Global water demand in and km Cities impact the hydrological cycle in several ways by extracting significant amounts of water from surface and groundwater sources extending impervious surfaces thus preventing recharge of groundwater and exacerbating flood risks and polluting water bodies through the discharge of untreated wastewater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.851458207338699
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
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source0.0613562156822703NN
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wastewater0.204998018174509NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.320856242102048
WordScorePoS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.320690839765533
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
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extend0VB
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pollute0.0542519672965169VB
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Since much of the water consumed by cities generally comes from outside the city limits and the pollution they generate also tends to flow downstream the impact of cities on water resources goes beyond their boundaries

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.816889244175333
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
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city0.607697021770652NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.487737021648617
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.230145367044356
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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city0NN
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flow0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
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Cities also import significant amounts of food consumer goods and energy from outside the city which requires large amounts of water at the point of production transportation and sale

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.680185912676018
WordScorePoS
city0.607697021770652NN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
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transportation0.04477822029736NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.518096607640482
WordScorePoS
city0NN
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significant0JJ
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food0.186896403054502NN
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production0.118934074671047NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.308438902989452
WordScorePoS
city0NN
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food0.0214003646985842NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.286728001386049
WordScorePoS
city0NN
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food0.0383371018038178NN
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water0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.225044208150267
WordScorePoS
city0.0440683498519077NN
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food0.292342270824999NN
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This virtual demand of cities greatly exceeds direct water use Hoekstra and Chapagain

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.728761324879938
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
city0.607697021770652NN
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direct0.04477822029736JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.634560398021069
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.195053077901323
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN

OECD

Label: 12, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
oecd0.108503934593034NN

As easily available surface water and groundwater sources have been depleted in many urbanized areas cities will have to go further or dig deeper to access water or will have to depend on innovative solutions or more advanced technologies such as reverse osmosis for desalination or reclaimed water to meet their water demands see WWAP Chapter Case study Towards sustainable groundwater management in Asian cities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784866302079109
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
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access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.492126354077343
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
source0NN
deplete0VB
city0.607697021770652NN
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management0.0687164195125178NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.268243221886899
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
deplete0VB
city0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
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advance0.0277064208763707NN
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Figure

Label: 9, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Water in rapidly urbanizing world Cities have become the place where development challenges and opportunities increasingly come face to face

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.765480672592363
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.564698008724051
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.209601614145473
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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billion people or of the global population lived in cities and by two thirds of the global population will be living in cities UNDESA

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.929877962637152
WordScorePoS
people0.0161552501392041NNS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
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Furthermore most of this growth is happening in developing countries which have limited capacity to deal with this rapid change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.728143558486055
WordScorePoS
growth0NN
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capacity0.025270503924109NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.376006745728276
WordScorePoS
growth0.208565600657229NN
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capacity0.0123650647908625NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.301505035116209
WordScorePoS
growth0.0260040237236563NN
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OECD BRIICS ROW World Irrigation Domestic Manufacturing Electricity Livestock Note BRIICS Brazil Russia India Indonesia China South Africa OECD Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development ROW rest of the world

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.673058637426348
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.317112650871341
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
world0.00172202218602071NN
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
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This graph only measures blue water demand and does not consider rainfed agriculture

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.800782999645941
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.413786382764614
WordScorePoS
measure0.0504000902222448NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308855795217113
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
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Source OECD Fig

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.792237489264932
WordScorePoS
source0NN
oecd0.108503934593034NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.447990153032111
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN
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output from IMAGE

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

OECD Environmental Outlook to OECD

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.958523024485742
WordScorePoS
oecd0.108503934593034NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ

Addressing critical developmental challenges in Cambodia Access to urban in sanitation Figure the access to drinking water is actually deteriorating where

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.891657096377749
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.344203946589688
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.153561630974138
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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most rapid urbanization is outpacing public services see different wealth quintiles Type Uneven progress Rural Pakistan Type Type progress Rural Type Type Uneven Uneven progress Rural Pakistan Pakistan Type EqE Section

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.432291103267089
WordScorePoS
rapid0JJ
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.35709560113173
WordScorePoS
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
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rural0.0373517915079663JJ

The situation is worse in sub Saharan Africa Type Uneven progress Rural Pakistan Type Equitable progress Rural Peru where urbanization is happening most rapidly

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.552793387576836
WordScorePoS
situation0.0252000451111224NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.429141660301965
WordScorePoS
situation0.0631828116343571NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.315517682454201
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
saharan0.0221298700466866JJ
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In this region Type Uneven progress Rural Pakistan Type Equitable progress Rural Peru Poorest Poorest Poor PP Middle Rich Richest the percentage of people who enjoyed piped water on their Poorest Poorest Poorest Poorest Poor Poor Poo Middle Middle Rich Rich Richest Richest Poorest Poorest Poor Poor Middle Middle Rich Rich Richest Riches premises which is the preferred option for urban areas Middle Poor Poorest Poor Middle Rich Rich Richest Riche Poorest actually decreased from to WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.547915476460188
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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people0.024149913320522NNS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.489216266947939
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.427449666243132
WordScorePoS
region0.0297950283197006NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.247805106243577
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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rural0.0373517915079663JJ
equitable0JJ
poorest0JJS
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
middle0JJ
richest0JJS
percentage0NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
water0.0458109463416786NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
decrease0.0731385760866977NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.167439636028814
WordScorePoS
region0NN
type0NN
uneven0JJ
progress0NN
rural0JJ
equitable0JJ
poorest0JJS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
middle0JJ
richest0JJS
percentage0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
water0.186896403054502NN
urban0JJ
decrease0NN

This clearly indicates that access to safe drinking water sources continues to be major problem in cities in the developing world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.707828420088055
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
continue0VB
major0JJ
city0NN
develop0VB
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.653613471267312
WordScorePoS
access0.00626002771693937NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
source0NN
continue0.0537696560159885VB
major0JJ
city0.607697021770652NN
develop0VB
world0.00626002771693937NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.172223072767026
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
major0JJ
city0NN
develop0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN

Similar to trends in drinking water the number of urban residents without access to improved sanitation increased by from to million between and WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.928391646562552
WordScorePoS
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
urban0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.285999165314321
WordScorePoS
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
sanitation0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.158412501594256
WordScorePoS
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
urban0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
sanitation0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

Therefore although sanitation coverage is generally higher in urban areas because of rapid urbanization increasing numbers of urban residents particularly the poor are unable to access improved sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.670029230805984
WordScorePoS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
coverage0NN
urban0JJ
rapid0JJ
urbanization0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.665629761091542
WordScorePoS
sanitation0NN
coverage0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.206285598129676
WordScorePoS
sanitation0NN
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
urban0JJ
rapid0JJ
urbanization0NN
increase0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
improve0VB

Also due to higher population densities in urban areas the health consequences of poor sanitation can be Type Cambodia Type Type Levelling Levelling upup Urban Urban Cambodia Type Sta pervasive

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.777164182726312
WordScorePoS
due0JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
density0.0731385760866977NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
health0.0229054731708393NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
sanitation0NN
type0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.397209578423328
WordScorePoS
due0.0590310971343993JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
density0NN
urban0JJ
health0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
type0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.173846618167775
WordScorePoS
due0JJ
population0NN
density0NN
urban0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
poor0JJ
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
type0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.162818113840639
WordScorePoS
due0.0519476926891779JJ
population0NN
density0NN
urban0JJ
health0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
sanitation0NN
type0NN

In urban Cambodia for example ofType the Levelling up Urban Cambodia Type Levelling up Urban Cambodia Type Type Stagnation Rural Burkina Faso Type Levelling up Urban Cambodia Type Stagnation Rural Burkina Faso people in the poorest quintile still defecate in the open Improved Improved Shared Shared Unimproved Unimproved Open Open defecation defecation while among the richest of the population this has Improved Shared Unimproved Open defecation Improved Shared Unimproved Open defecation Improved Shared Unimproved Open defecation gone down to zero Figure

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.676539947874195
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
type0NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
poorest0JJS
quintile0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
share0NN
defecation0NN
richest0JJS
population0.0194583992186006NN
figure0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.338491625687094
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
type0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
people0.0257736572183839NNS
poorest0.0297950283197006JJS
quintile0NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
share0.0365427838531249NN
defecation0NN
richest0JJS
population0.0310434135749871NN
figure0NN

Source Extracted from WHO and UNICEF Fig

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Reproduced with the permission of the publisher

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The increase in the number of people without access to water and sanitation in urban areas is directly related to the rapid Trends in urban water supply coverage Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.854964253944184
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
urban0JJ
related0.0524959536790166JJ
rapid0JJ
supply0.0590310971343993NN
coverage0NN
figure0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.383938574131189
WordScorePoS
increase0.00323105002784081NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
access0.00626002771693937NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
related0.0112376090361851JJ
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
supply0NN
coverage0NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.254595091423169
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
urban0JJ
related0.00833571598658786JJ
rapid0JJ
supply0.0703006268489394NN
coverage0NN
figure0NN

SubSaharan Africa Southern Asia Piped on premises SouthEastern Asia Oceania Caucasus and Central Asia Other improved Northern Africa Western Asia Latin America Caribbean Unimproved Eastern Asia Least Developing Developed developed regions regions countries World Surface water Source WHO and UNICEF Fig

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.636082517312457
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
southern0JJ
asia0IN
oceania0NN
central0JJ
improve0.0511916925627245VB
northern0JJ
western0JJ
eastern0JJ
develop0VB
region0NN
country0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
surface0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.434081043828237
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
southern0.0614198493690006JJ
asia0IN
oceania0NN
central0JJ
improve0VB
northern0JJ
western0JJ
eastern0JJ
develop0VB
region0.184259548107002NN
country0NN
world0.00257343720272548NN
surface0NN
water0NN
source0.0269969049497485NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.180940499632185
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
southern0JJ
asia0IN
oceania0NN
central0JJ
improve0VB
northern0JJ
western0JJ
eastern0JJ
develop0VB
region0NN
country0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
surface0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN

reproduced with the permission of the publisher

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWDR Urbanization growth of slum populations in the developing world and the inability or unwillingness of local and national governments to provide adequate water and sanitation facilities in these communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.799195194068896
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
growth0NN
slum0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
develop0VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
national0JJ
government0NN
provide0VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.382225146221821
WordScorePoS
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
growth0NN
slum0.146277152173395NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
develop0VB
world0.00626002771693937NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
national0.00501208088147356JJ
government0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN
community0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.230172571150108
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
growth0NN
slum0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
develop0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
government0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.223592427636813
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
slum0NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
develop0VB
world0.00172202218602071NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
national0.0055149369084567JJ
government0NN
provide0VB
adequate0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
facility0NN
community0NN

While there has been some progress in moving people out of slum conditions it has not been enough to counter population growth in informal settlements

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.707768173214434
WordScorePoS
progress0.0591643007226199NN
move0NN
people0.0106656521351091NNS
slum0NN
condition0.121575732851624NN
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
settlement0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.524549990134027
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
move0NN
people0.0161552501392041NNS
slum0.146277152173395NN
condition0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
growth0NN
settlement0.146277152173395NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.325378733968596
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
move0NN
people0.00571634317201755NNS
slum0NN
condition0NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
growth0.11178243319132NN
settlement0NN

The world's slum population is expected to reach million by UN Habitat

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.66577048151769
WordScorePoS
slum0.146277152173395NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
expect0VB
reach0NN
habitat0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.345724842128041
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
expect0VB
reach0NN
habitat0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324835488111727
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
reach0.0332151194779746NN
habitat0NN

As slum dwellers are generally more likely to suffer inadequate access to safe water and sanitation and are also more vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather events water management in cities particularly slum settlements will be major challenge in the future

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.690154444688654
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
suffer0.041835863322702VB
inadequate0.0836717266454039JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
city0NN
settlement0NN
major0JJ
challenge0NN
future0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.6078615040124
WordScorePoS
slum0.146277152173395NN
suffer0VB
inadequate0JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
impact0.0194583992186006NN
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
city0.607697021770652NN
settlement0.146277152173395NN
major0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
future0.0373517915079663NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.2335479705825
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
suffer0VB
inadequate0.0736315832425121JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
impact0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
weather0NN
event0.0908430554521382NN
management0NN
city0NN
settlement0NN
major0JJ
challenge0NN
future0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.212206689989673
WordScorePoS
slum0NN
suffer0VB
inadequate0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
vulnerable0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
city0NN
settlement0NN
major0JJ
challenge0NN
future0.0277064208763707NN

In some informal settlements however local communities and the private sector have come up with innovative solutions

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.485870990017997
WordScorePoS
settlement0.146277152173395NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
community0NN
private0JJ
sector0NN
solution0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.437203019899752
WordScorePoS
settlement0NN
local0JJ
community0.0188543197850406NN
private0.0368585655748969JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
solution0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.436425014486814
WordScorePoS
settlement0NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
community0NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
solution0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.34022585546393
WordScorePoS
settlement0NN
local0.0145856516935579JJ
community0.0343390275626203NN
private0JJ
sector0NN
solution0.0671298309154199NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.331049707933259
WordScorePoS
settlement0NN
local0JJ
community0NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
sector0.0571058915334038NN
solution0NN

In Mombasa for example where only about of the people have access to piped water supply more than have access to an improved water source because they receive water from kiosks Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.920793691597856
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
receive0VB
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317263305117825
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
improve0VB
source0NN
receive0VB
figure0NN

Pollution and wastewater management Many cities in developing countries do not have the necessary infrastructure to collect and treat wastewater

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.775139813609617
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0315914058171786NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
city0.607697021770652NN
develop0VB
country0NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.564743360355827
WordScorePoS
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
city0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.204799524712271
WordScorePoS
pollution0NN
wastewater0NN
management0NN
city0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

In the absence of proper drainage systems sewage mixes with stormwater causing further pollution

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.604638490476259
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN
sewage0.0731385760866977NN
mix0NN
cause0.04477822029736NN
pollution0.0315914058171786NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.447192419196657
WordScorePoS
proper0.0583416713841148JJ
system0.0756001353333673NN
sewage0NN
mix0NN
cause0NN
pollution0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.415614712543628
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
system0.0229784274580034NN
sewage0NN
mix0NN
cause0.0325700316331562NN
pollution0.0689352823740101NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.408700144647753
WordScorePoS
proper0JJ
system0NN
sewage0NN
mix0.122412709674631NN
cause0NN
pollution0NN

It is estimated that up to of all wastewater in developing countries is discharged untreated directly into rivers lakes or the oceans causing major environmental and health risks Corcoran et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.65818569618224
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
develop0VB
country0NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
lake0.103230094596636NN
ocean0NN
cause0NN
major0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0NN
risk0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.563182040272417
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0195550357485727NN
wastewater0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
discharge0NN
untreated0JJ
river0NN
lake0NN
ocean0.488550474497343NN
cause0.0325700316331562NN
major0JJ
environmental0JJ
health0.0166605993001162NN
risk0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.336008139246223
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN
wastewater0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
discharge0NN
untreated0JJ
river0NN
lake0NN
ocean0NN
cause0NN
major0.0108390366114755JJ
environmental0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
risk0.0703902516159815NN

This has huge social and economic impacts due to increased health care costs and lower labour productivity

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.737882907060943
WordScorePoS
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
impact0NN
due0JJ
increase0.00711043475673939NN
health0NN
care0NN
cost0NN
labour0.563335368206862NN
productivity0.0410992516792148NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.289226487431866
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
economic0JJ
impact0NN
due0JJ
increase0.0143984997539974NN
health0.191387734041787NN
care0.104031537001265NN
cost0NN
labour0NN
productivity0NN

There is clearly need to expand wastewater treatment systems and improve efficiency of existing treatment plants

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.667015129349082
WordScorePoS
expand0.0251182378961834VB
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
system0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
exist0VB
plant0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.381686503938756
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
efficiency0NN
exist0VB
plant0.132205049555723NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.337241015423594
WordScorePoS
expand0.0449973847138318VB
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
exist0VB
plant0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.306501335456698
WordScorePoS
expand0.0268848280079943VB
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
efficiency0.0537696560159885NN
exist0.04477822029736VB
plant0NN

While some developing countries such as Chile have been successful in treating almost all their wastewater Bartone experience from most developing countries indicates that wastewater management can be expensive and most cities do not have or allocate the necessary resources for this

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.806238596315962
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
successful0JJ
wastewater0NN
experience0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
expensive0JJ
city0.607697021770652NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.517806745417786
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
successful0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
experience0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
expensive0JJ
city0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Moreover the cost of the wastewater collection is often underestimated

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.887524008581461
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
collection0NN

There is need for more innovative options for such as decentralized wastewater treatment solutions and biogas production for reusing and recycling wastewater and reducing the cost of wastewater management Lüthi et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.905909168589052
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
solution0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
cost0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317452730079726
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
solution0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Institutional capacity and water governance Given the rapid pace of urbanization the institutional capacity of local and national governments and water utilities to increase investments and manage the delivery of services is becoming critical especially in cities with old and poorly maintained water and sanitation infrastructure and cities in the developing world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.715551482912338
WordScorePoS
institutional0JJ
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
rapid0JJ
pace0NN
urbanization0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
national0JJ
government0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
investment0NN
manage0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
critical0JJ
city0NN
poorly0RB
maintain0VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
develop0VB
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.582085701626348
WordScorePoS
institutional0JJ
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
governance0NN
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
pace0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
national0.00501208088147356JJ
government0NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
investment0NN
manage0VB
service0.0269743071558856NN
critical0JJ
city0.607697021770652NN
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maintain0.055245183797332VB
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
develop0VB
world0.00626002771693937NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.222930769353079
WordScorePoS
institutional0JJ
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
rapid0JJ
pace0NN
urbanization0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
government0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
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manage0VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
critical0JJ
city0NN
poorly0RB
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infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
develop0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.182205156722744
WordScorePoS
institutional0JJ
capacity0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
governance0NN
rapid0.030745604615229JJ
pace0NN
urbanization0NN
local0JJ
national0.00412562425683033JJ
government0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
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manage0VB
service0.0148023490369527NN
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city0NN
poorly0RB
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High rates of unaccountedfor water mainly due to leakages unsustainable tariffs and weak systems of governance are typical manifestations of the growing capacity gaps in many urban areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.688479920461279
WordScorePoS
rate0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
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system0NN
governance0NN
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capacity0.0104991907358033NN
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urban0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.426515142981054
WordScorePoS
rate0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
due0JJ
unsustainable0JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN
governance0NN
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grow0.0229054731708393VB
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
gap0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337562280878578
WordScorePoS
rate0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
system0NN
governance0NN
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grow0.0339811641917276VB
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
gap0NN
urban0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316945647463718
WordScorePoS
rate0.0639932865717261NN
water0NN
due0.0519476926891779JJ
unsustainable0JJ
system0.0519476926891779NN
governance0NN
manifestation0.120266261535276NN
grow0VB
capacity0NN
gap0NN
urban0JJ

Leakage results in loss of revenue higher chances of drinking water Access to water in Mombasa's informal settlements Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.92507522115757
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
loss0NN
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chance0NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280510051934571
WordScorePoS
result0NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
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drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.18287030399205
WordScorePoS
result0NN
loss0.0315914058171786NN
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drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
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Wastewater also has impacts on the global environment as wastewater related emissions of methane powerful global warming gas and nitrous oxide could rise by and respectively between and Corcoran et al

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.725782116440668
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
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related0.0168470026160727JJ
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warm0.207053776511125JJ
gas0.0671298309154199NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.523765915369763
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
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warm0JJ
gas0NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.307505352180179
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
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global0.022306853314744JJ
environment0.079769385071606NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
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warm0JJ
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Drinking water coverage Other unimproved Cart with small tank drum Other improved Water kiosk Neighbour's tap public tap Piped on premises Kenya Urban Mombasa Informal areas Low Medium High Wealth Source WHO and UNICEF Fig

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901620217026996
WordScorePoS
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
coverage0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
public0NN
urban0JJ
medium0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.285643500497718
WordScorePoS
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
coverage0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.253554704855524
WordScorePoS
drinking0NN
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Reproduced with the permission of the publisher

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges contamination and outbreaks of waterborne diseases which will further reduce water service quality and the consumers' willingness to pay

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.789352399079849
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.362568439806304
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.254520474957139
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
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disease0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
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Climate change and water related disasters Because the impacts of climate change are complex and unpredictable see Chapter the availability of and demand for water are highly likely to be affected

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.69347136521083
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
water0NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
availability0NN
demand0NN
highly0RB
affect0.0336940052321454VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.581480943820982
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
availability0NN
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highly0RB
affect0.0209983814716066VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.22338465827989
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
availability0NN
demand0NN
highly0RB
affect0.0166714319731757VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.184315251648246
WordScorePoS
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
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availability0NN
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highly0RB
affect0.0112376090361851VB

Water and sanitation infrastructure may be at risk because of extreme events and sea level rise

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.78103132861571
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
risk0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
sea0.041835863322702NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.356621720009951
WordScorePoS
water0NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN
sea0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.322078665609604
WordScorePoS
water0NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0NN
risk0NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN
sea0.16782457728855NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
rise0.120914181920259NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.258906615400631
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
risk0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
sea0NN
level0NN
rise0.0221298700466866NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.175567513333624
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
risk0NN
extreme0JJ
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sea0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
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With increased urbanization encroaching upon natural drainage paths and changed land use caused by urbanization resulting in increased runoff there is also an urgent need for more sustainable urban drainage systems to address the issues of inundation and water contamination

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.614640598238542
WordScorePoS
increase0.00323105002784081NN
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change0.0315914058171786NN
land0.0389167984372011NN
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result0NN
urgent0JJ
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urban0.27622591898666JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN
issue0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
contamination0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.512328085233913
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
urbanization0NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
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land0NN
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urgent0JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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system0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.39705221415252
WordScorePoS
increase0.0145316075945746NN
urbanization0NN
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
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urgent0.0335649154577099JJ
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issue0.0335649154577099NN
water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.221431779662079
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
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natural0.0509717462875914JJ
change0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
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urgent0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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water0.186896403054502NN
contamination0NN

As the urban poor tend to live in concentrated and highly vulnerable areas such as river banks they are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.647855157769422
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
poor0JJ
live0VB
highly0RB
vulnerable0.0171695137813101JJ
river0NN
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impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.412325495083813
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
live0.0269743071558856VB
highly0RB
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river0NN
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impact0.0194583992186006NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.409437904657075
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
live0.0739258553811849VB
highly0RB
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
river0NN
bank0NN
impact0NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.299249256266455
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
live0.0252018374089947VB
highly0RB
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
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Coping with the effects of climate change will therefore require cities to strengthen planning and management capacities related to water and integrate water management with overall urban development

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.599840442249018
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.583980953772277
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
require0VB
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strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
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integrate0.0251182378961834VB
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.394298630685776
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
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water0NN
integrate0.0201523636533764VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.259452041810034
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
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water0.186896403054502NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
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development0.022306853314744NN

Responses The dedicated goal for water and its five targets proposed by UN Water as part of the post agenda for sustainable development see Chapter are very relevant for the sustainable use of water in the urban context

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.857565679753188
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350885741604241
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.22531248100785
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
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The targets provide an appropriate framework for responding to the challenges of managing water in cities

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.764696940417764
WordScorePoS
target0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
framework0.0194583992186006NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.535392796769975
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.226866827553374
WordScorePoS
target0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
framework0.028867295332595NN
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Pro poor policies for safe water supply and sanitation Rapid urbanization is outpacing public service provisions in the developing world and the overall number of people without access to safe water and sanitation in urban areas is increasing

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.850571706529106
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
policy0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.369705826518056
WordScorePoS
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
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water0.0458109463416786NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.234022719570949
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
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access0.00232174891244877NN
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increase0.00958677785775002NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.118567922691017
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
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The proposed target on universal access to Many cities in developing countries do not have the necessary infrastructure to collect and treat wastewater safe water sanitation and hygiene should stimulate action to address this critical issue

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.803061679036198
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.480270427568272
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.237316979663903
WordScorePoS
target0NN
universal0.0135141354781442JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.140472004852916
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Furthermore as the target also includes an element of progressively eliminating inequalities in access it would encourage policy makers to address the needs of the urban poor

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.869492577010572
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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progressively0RB
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.307219780257398
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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inequality0NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.193383842760186
WordScorePoS
target0NN
include0VB
progressively0RB
eliminate0VB
inequality0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
encourage0VB
policy0.0450489732120807NN
maker0NN
urban0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ

In doing so governments and service providers can learn from experiences of successful and innovative initiatives that focus on the needs of urban poor and create an enabling environment for service delivery Box

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.610506786708243
WordScorePoS
government0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
provider0NN
learn0VB
experience0NN
successful0JJ
initiative0NN
focus0.0373517915079663NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
create0.0315914058171786VB
enable0.0373517915079663VB
environment0.0268848280079943NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.365754585108578
WordScorePoS
government0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provider0NN
learn0VB
experience0NN
successful0JJ
initiative0NN
focus0NN
urban0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
create0.0519476926891779VB
enable0VB
environment0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.344616105610442
WordScorePoS
government0NN
service0NN
provider0NN
learn0.244520809605025VB
experience0NN
successful0JJ
initiative0NN
focus0NN
urban0JJ
poor0JJ
create0VB
enable0VB
environment0.0299609328954485NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.350319387189786
WordScorePoS
government0.048933054487825NN
service0NN
provider0.048933054487825NN
learn0VB
experience0.0299586785922821NN
successful0.048933054487825JJ
initiative0.036961556179878NN
focus0NN
urban0JJ
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
create0VB
enable0.0499801157438617VB
environment0NN

Integrated urban water management The proposed target on sustainable use and development of water resources can benefit from experiences of BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.802811143717049
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
target0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
benefit0NN
experience0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.372316606614517
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
target0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
benefit0NN
experience0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341906067775731
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
target0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
benefit0NN
experience0NN

WWDR Pro poor policies in Kampala BOX

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.754181891526612
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.326863691238016
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
policy0.0848203862485078NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.306272409023863
WordScorePoS
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Forest conservation by water utility in Costa Rica In the Government of Uganda set target of coverage of water supply and sanitation services in urban areas by

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.860508791382955
WordScorePoS
forest0.041835863322702NN
conservation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
government0NN
set0NN
target0NN
coverage0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
urban0JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.312185133819565
WordScorePoS
forest0.380082214408185NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
water0.016202004209163NN
government0NN
set0NN
target0NN
coverage0NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
urban0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.24915990894045
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
conservation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
government0NN
set0NN
target0NN
coverage0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
urban0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.218238501965477
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
conservation0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
government0NN
set0NN
target0NN
coverage0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ

In response the National Water and Sewerage Corporation NWSC which is responsible for water and sanitation services in Kampala introduced series of measures such as affordable connection pro poor tariff and special projects targeted at the poor

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.880253123787365
WordScorePoS
response0NN
national0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
responsible0JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
introduce0VB
measure0NN
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
special0.0348974218717993JJ
project0.041835863322702NN
target0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.273262206296996
WordScorePoS
response0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
responsible0JJ
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
introduce0VB
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affordable0JJ
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
special0JJ
project0.0664302389559493NN
target0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.243838881260813
WordScorePoS
response0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
water0NN
responsible0JJ
sanitation0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
introduce0VB
measure0.103895385378356NN
affordable0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
special0JJ
project0NN
target0NN

It set up an urban propoor branch in and provided variety of service options including household connections prepaid public water points kiosks and shared yard taps

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.669838457221963
WordScorePoS
set0NN
urban0JJ
variety0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
household0NN
public0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
share0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.483141254487022
WordScorePoS
set0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
variety0NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
include0VB
household0NN
public0.0583751976558017NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
share0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.329512545150991
WordScorePoS
set0NN
urban0JJ
variety0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
household0.0554128417527413NN
public0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN
share0NN

As result NWSC was able to significantly expand its services to the urban poor while increasing its revenue

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.721987926489985
WordScorePoS
result0NN
significantly0RB
expand0.0268848280079943VB
service0.0269743071558856NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
increase0.00323105002784081NN
revenue0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.395255385614919
WordScorePoS
result0NN
significantly0RB
expand0VB
service0.0443555132287109NN
urban0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
increase0NN
revenue0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.354909619463978
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
significantly0RB
expand0.0251182378961834VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
urban0JJ
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
increase0.00905621749519576NN
revenue0NN

The pro poor branch was also able to reduce the proportion of inactive public water points and yard taps from in to less than in

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.845440486492454
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
public0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341871985534668
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
reduce0.022306853314744VB
proportion0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.257370291001761
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
proportion0.0376648791150643NN
public0NN
water0NN

Since the local water supply company Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia in the province of Heredia in Costa Rica has invested in protecting strategic forest areas in the Virilla River Watershed allowing for the recharge of surface and groundwater sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.811820460057006
WordScorePoS
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
company0NN
invest0VB
protect0.0153390539205676VB
forest0.041835863322702NN
river0.206460189193271NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
surface0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.432817364913063
WordScorePoS
local0.0275274877486226JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
company0NN
invest0VB
protect0.046452183350325VB
forest0.380082214408185NN
river0NN
recharge0VB
surface0.0316735178673487NN
source0.0232260916751625NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.34252622060332
WordScorePoS
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
company0.108503934593034NN
invest0VB
protect0.0121782716594324VB
forest0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
recharge0VB
surface0NN
source0NN

Enforcement of approved regulation against changes in land use patterns ensures the protection of the province main sources of water supply

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.77952244088339
WordScorePoS
regulation0NN
land0NN
pattern0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
protection0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.41014619044384
WordScorePoS
regulation0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
protection0NN
source0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN

The company charges an additional of the monthly water bill to its users and collected funds are used to compensate land owners for control of changes in land use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.720308626065367
WordScorePoS
company0NN
additional0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN
fund0NN
land0NN
control0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.41978575253842
WordScorePoS
company0.108503934593034NN
additional0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN
fund0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
control0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.375902892918126
WordScorePoS
company0NN
additional0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
user0NN
fund0NN
land0.123873694868802NN
control0.0264204925485796NN

Over the last ten years the programme has protected more than ha of forest within the catchment

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.961751141040869
WordScorePoS
programme0NN
protect0.046452183350325VB
forest0.380082214408185NN

As result the province is able to provide clean water to all its residents while minimizing the need to invest in water treatment infrastructure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889543424966969
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
provide0VB
clean0.0348974218717993JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
minimize0.041835863322702VB
invest0VB
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.33187446009094
WordScorePoS
result0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
clean0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
invest0VB
treatment0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.207475858328855
WordScorePoS
result0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
clean0.030745604615229JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
minimize0VB
invest0VB
treatment0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.129036702895998
WordScorePoS
result0NN
provide0VB
clean0.125032076213024JJ
water0NN
minimize0VB
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treatment0NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN

Source Kariuki et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Source Barrantes and Gámez

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Urbanization Rocinha Favela the largest in Brazil Photo Ahln Phnom Penh water supply An example of good governance The Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority PPWSA which has transformed itself from near bankrupt demoralized and corrupt institution into one of the best water utilities in the world can provide valuable experiences for other cities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.806279093815997
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
largest0JJS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
governance0NN
transform0VB
institution0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
provide0VB
experience0NN
city0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.416101185671478
WordScorePoS
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
largest0JJS
water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
governance0NN
transform0VB
institution0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
experience0NN
city0.607697021770652NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326684081913699
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
largest0JJS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
governance0NN
transform0VB
institution0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
experience0NN
city0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.177837574146747
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
largest0JJS
water0NN
supply0NN
governance0.107490825192354NN
transform0VB
institution0.274477239401321NN
world0NN
provide0.013214597504793VB
experience0NN
city0NN

Under the dynamic leadership of Ek Sonn Chan PPWSA was able to turn around the performance of the utility within decade to provide all people with continuous good quality and affordable water supply while consistently increasing its net profit

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.782278251348153
WordScorePoS
leadership0NN
performance0NN
decade0NN
provide0VB
people0.024149913320522NNS
quality0.0255958462813622NN
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358837926757837
WordScorePoS
leadership0NN
performance0NN
decade0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
people0.0119834723221875NNS
quality0.0203215381458133NN
affordable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

Due to its pro poor policies it has also increased its connections to poor households from household connections in to in

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.670844651018898
WordScorePoS
due0.0519476926891779JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN
increase0NN
household0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.390953914720322
WordScorePoS
due0.0234335422829798JJ
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
household0.0554128417527413NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.330928287132058
WordScorePoS
due0.0590310971343993JJ
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
policy0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
household0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.306702257522161
WordScorePoS
due0JJ
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
policy0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
household0.0297950283197006NN

The fact that Phnom Penh has been able to reduce its unaccounted for water from over in to just by which is comparable to Singapore demonstrates that state managed utilities in developing countries can be efficient if they have good leadership and governance

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.821653007863618
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
manage0VB
develop0VB
country0NN
efficient0JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.461393817689819
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
manage0VB
develop0VB
country0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Source Biswas and Tortajada

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Chapter

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

BOX BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

DEWATS in Indonesia The government of Indonesia is promoting community managed decentralized wastewater treatment systems DEWATS and aims to reach of the total urban population through DEWATS by the end of

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.509206431553058
WordScorePoS
government0NN
promote0VB
community0NN
manage0VB
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
aim0NN
reach0NN
total0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.509043408341122
WordScorePoS
government0NN
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community0.0214003646985842NN
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wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
system0NN
aim0NN
reach0NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
urban0JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.409490720136366
WordScorePoS
government0NN
promote0.00886732612541978VB
community0.0202620733250388NN
manage0.0660824365173543VB
wastewater0NN
treatment0.0330412182586772NN
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reach0NN
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urban0.0488696285210061JJ
population0.0860640399817412NN

A review of almost DEWATS units installed in different Indonesian cities between and found that over of them were functioning well and complying with effluent discharge standards

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.966075235023223
WordScorePoS
review0NN
city0.607697021770652NN
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The study found however that sustained use of the infrastructure over the long term requires some external monitoring and support as community groups often lose enthusiasm and are reluctant to fund major repairs on their own

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.60703147343554
WordScorePoS
study0NN
sustained0.120405991343299JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
term0NN
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support0.0277502419802315NN
community0.0188543197850406NN
lose0VB
fund0NN
major0.0160169090870187JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.511226325924656
WordScorePoS
study0NN
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term0.149793392961411NN
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It concluded that community managed DEWATS can be effective for serving poor communities where the appropriate type of system is built well in the right location the number of users is optimized and sustained and there is shared responsibility with government for operation and maintenance WSP

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.407750523734931
WordScorePoS
community0NN
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poor0.150659516460257JJ
type0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
build0.0614198493690006VB
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user0NN
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responsibility0NN
government0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.512466467955073
WordScorePoS
community0NN
manage0VB
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
serve0VB
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
type0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
build0.0499801157438617VB
location0.048933054487825NN
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share0.0766240489430275NN
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government0.048933054487825NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.360289286652713
WordScorePoS
community0.0182713919265625NN
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poor0.0548141757796873JJ
type0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
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share0.0365427838531249NN
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Source WSP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
WordScorePoS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
WordScorePoS
source0.0269969049497485NN

Addressing critical developmental challenges integrated urban water management IUWM systems in various countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.680740439331382
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
system0NN
country0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.622471925298908
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262579502612857
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
system0NN
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IUWM calls for the alignment of urban development and basin management and brings together water supply sanitation and stormwater and wastewater management and integrates these with land use planning and economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.783304292455374
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
development0NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
land0NN
plan0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.436005751178192
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
basin0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
wastewater0NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
land0.0389167984372011NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.271174820445744
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
basin0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
wastewater0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
land0.0144336476662975NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.099265501533827
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
basin0NN
management0NN
bring0VB
water0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
wastewater0NN
integrate0.0295821503613099VB
land0NN
plan0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ

Implementation of IUWM will require appropriate institutional structures policies careful planning capacity building and investment in systems such as protection of upstream catchment areas rainwater harvesting and recharge water demand management and water reuse Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.790000983614656
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
require0VB
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
policy0NN
careful0JJ
plan0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
investment0NN
system0NN
protection0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.041835863322702NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.349131470089197
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
careful0JJ
plan0.0144336476662975NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
building0NN
investment0NN
system0NN
protection0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
recharge0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.276475067720636
WordScorePoS
implementation0.017987180284335NN
require0.0211360962287062VB
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
structure0.048933054487825NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
careful0JJ
plan0.0130185595639838NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
building0.149940347231585NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
protection0NN
rainwater0NN
harvest0NN
recharge0VB
water0NN
demand0NN
management0NN
reuse0NN

Urban water governance The target on equitable participatory and accountable water governance will require strong political commitment appropriate policy and legal frameworks effective institutional structures efficient administrative systems and capable human resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.66566328968065
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
target0NN
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
participatory0JJ
accountable0JJ
require0VB
strong0JJ
political0JJ
commitment0NN
policy0NN
legal0JJ
framework0NN
effective0JJ
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
efficient0JJ
system0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353601198562855
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
target0NN
equitable0JJ
participatory0JJ
accountable0JJ
require0.0468670845659596VB
strong0JJ
political0JJ
commitment0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
legal0JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN
effective0JJ
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
system0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.34123017978168
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0NN
governance0.107490825192354NN
target0NN
equitable0JJ
participatory0.0811931365363091JJ
accountable0.162386273072618JJ
require0VB
strong0JJ
political0JJ
commitment0NN
policy0.0201317944152378NN
legal0.0811931365363091JJ
framework0NN
effective0.0482582488828229JJ
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
efficient0JJ
system0NN
human0JJ
resource0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.314321492833856
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
governance0NN
target0NN
equitable0JJ
participatory0.055245183797332JJ
accountable0JJ
require0VB
strong0JJ
political0JJ
commitment0NN
policy0.0136980135278128NN
legal0JJ
framework0.0194583992186006NN
effective0JJ
institutional0JJ
structure0NN
efficient0JJ
system0.0315914058171786NN
human0.0273960270556257JJ
resource0.0449504361447405NN

It will also require investments in water infrastructure renewal operations and maintenance

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.783377182265269
WordScorePoS
require0VB
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.400318133896334
WordScorePoS
require0.0260040237236563VB
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358062655161513
WordScorePoS
require0.0468670845659596VB
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN

study estimates that one dollar of water and sewer infrastructure investment increases private output gross domestic product in the long term by US

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.575087133698438
WordScorePoS
study0NN
estimate0NN
dollar0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
investment0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
private0JJ
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
term0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.48178421716055
WordScorePoS
study0NN
estimate0NN
dollar0.048933054487825NN
water0NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
gross0.0249900578719309JJ
domestic0.0634082886861185JJ
product0.017987180284335NN
term0.149793392961411NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.462693835897012
WordScorePoS
study0NN
estimate0.0221298700466866NN
dollar0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
private0.0368585655748969JJ
gross0.030745604615229JJ
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
product0.0442597400933733NN
term0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.261345858039471
WordScorePoS
study0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
dollar0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
investment0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
private0JJ
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
term0NN

and yields further US

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.899697090938207
WordScorePoS
yield0.0828215106044499NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.436514770147961
WordScorePoS
yield0.0401833161726777NN

output in other industries

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.976457178276353
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN

These benefits accrue in terms of jobs created final output and private sector investment Krop et al

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.580599682023725
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
job0NN
create0VB
final0JJ
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.409612803277121
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
term0NN
job0.135650868266471NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
final0JJ
private0JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.479754148428249
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
term0NN
job0.0902026255635679NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
final0JJ
private0.0368585655748969JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN

Experiences from cities around the world have shown that it is possible to improve the performance of urban water supply systems and increase revenue and profits while continuing to expand the system and addressing the needs of the poor provided that there is strong leadership and good governance Box

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.73475757586936
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
city0.607697021770652NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
performance0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
revenue0NN
continue0.0537696560159885VB
expand0.0268848280079943VB
address0NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
strong0JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.498796887303591
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
city0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
system0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
revenue0NN
continue0VB
expand0.0251182378961834VB
address0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
strong0JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.210924316788809
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
city0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
improve0VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
system0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
revenue0NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
expand0VB
address0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
strong0JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.166695814378146
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
city0NN
world0.00257343720272548NN
improve0VB
performance0NN
urban0JJ
water0NN
supply0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
increase0NN
revenue0NN
continue0VB
expand0VB
address0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
strong0JJ
leadership0NN
governance0NN

Sustainable sanitation Effective management of water resources and reduction of water pollution will require investment in sustainable sanitation systems which are technically appropriate economically viable socially acceptable and environmentally sound

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.892251606459414
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
effective0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
reduction0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
require0VB
investment0NN
system0NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
environmentally0RB
sound0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280089337835755
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
sanitation0NN
effective0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
investment0NN
system0NN
economically0RB
socially0RB
environmentally0RB
sound0.0234335422829798NN

These may include promotion of reuse treatment of wastewater to an appropriate level for the intended reuse option and integration of sanitation systems with overall water resource and urban planning and design Lüthi et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882921554849308
WordScorePoS
include0VB
promotion0NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
integration0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
system0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
urban0JJ
plan0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.302393957712285
WordScorePoS
include0VB
promotion0NN
reuse0NN
treatment0NN
wastewater0NN
level0.00692515656684925NN
integration0NN
sanitation0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
plan0.0583751976558017NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.215188461223707
WordScorePoS
include0VB
promotion0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
treatment0NN
wastewater0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
integration0NN
sanitation0NN
system0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
urban0JJ
plan0.0144336476662975NN

Since transportation accounts for much of the cost of wastewater management decentralized systems that treat wastewater close to the source using simple technologies that maximize recycling of water and nutrients can be more WWDR effective particularly in poor and peri urban settlements Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.777000685346381
WordScorePoS
transportation0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
cost0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
system0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
simple0JJ
technology0.0153390539205676NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB
water0.556409482163189NN
nutrient0NN
effective0JJ
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
perus0NN
urban0JJ
settlement0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.445420512883213
WordScorePoS
transportation0.04477822029736NN
account0.0194583992186006NN
cost0NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
source0NN
simple0JJ
technology0NN
recycle0VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
nutrient0NN
effective0JJ
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
perus0.0731385760866977NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278332322457861
WordScorePoS
transportation0.0332151194779746NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
system0NN
source0NN
simple0JJ
technology0NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB
water0.186896403054502NN
nutrient0NN
effective0JJ
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
perus0NN
urban0JJ
settlement0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.156804724488423
WordScorePoS
transportation0NN
account0NN
cost0NN
wastewater0NN
management0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
source0.0269969049497485NN
simple0JJ
technology0.0269969049497485NN
recycle0VB
water0NN
nutrient0NN
effective0JJ
poor0.150659516460257JJ
perus0NN
urban0JJ
settlement0NN

Wastewater systems can also generate energy treated wastewater can be reused thus contributing to water energy and food security and therefore health and economy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.59364679959459
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
system0NN
generate0VB
energy0.0153390539205676NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
contribute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
health0NN
economy0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.591589637349353
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
system0NN
generate0VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
reuse0NN
contribute0VB
water0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
health0NN
economy0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396284799972924
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
system0NN
generate0VB
energy0.133960988253756NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
water0.186896403054502NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
economy0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.286084761828335
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
energy0.0130963126055467NN
reuse0NN
contribute0.0297950283197006VB
water0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
health0NN
economy0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.117878871227019
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
system0NN
generate0VB
energy0NN
reuse0NN
contribute0VB
water0.0382775468083574NN
food0NN
security0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
economy0NN

In Accra urban vegetable gardens irrigated by treated wastewater provide up to of the vegetable needs of the city Tettey Lowor

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.969731720958738
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
wastewater0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
city0.607697021770652NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.218238754604779
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
provide0VB
city0NN

On site sanitation which is still the main approach used in most urban areas in Africa and Asia is challenge as well as an opportunity

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.696577873309076
WordScorePoS
sanitation0NN
approach0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
africa0IN
asia0IN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
opportunity0.0164178645080222NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.629346954901626
WordScorePoS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
approach0NN
urban0JJ
africa0IN
asia0IN
challenge0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN

If faecal sludge is not managed properly it can cause major health risks and pollution but avoiding extensive sewer systems leads to investment savings and allows for more innovative decentralized options that are less water and energy intensive can be explored

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.547900080675225
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
major0JJ
health0NN
risk0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
avoid0VB
system0NN
lead0NN
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
intensive0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.524516670462305
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
major0.0325677023224526JJ
health0NN
risk0NN
pollution0NN
avoid0VB
system0NN
lead0.0383371018038178NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
intensive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.343328228732802
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
major0JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
risk0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
avoid0VB
system0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
intensive0JJ

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.307496262385468
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
major0.0108390366114755JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
risk0.0703902516159815NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
avoid0VB
system0NN
lead0.025518364538905NN
investment0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
energy0NN
intensive0JJ

Adaptation to climate change and water related disasters The World Bank estimates that the global costs of adaptation from to will be US billion to billion year World Bank

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.677531442917851
WordScorePoS
adaptation0.0671298309154199NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
water0NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
world0.00351929966767313NN
bank0NN
estimate0NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
cost0.0279982034978914NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.493541437803599
WordScorePoS
adaptation0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN
estimate0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
cost0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.270908097990702
WordScorePoS
adaptation0.04477822029736NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
bank0NN
estimate0NN
global0.00501208088147356JJ
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.197448745393717
WordScorePoS
adaptation0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.328162254117118
WordScorePoS
adaptation0.0357189919948307NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
water0NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ
disaster0.0504000902222448NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN
estimate0NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
cost0NN

The sectors requiring the main bulk of this investment will be water supply and flood protection infrastructure and coastal zones with urban areas requiring an estimated of the total funding required for adaptation World Bank

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.560982328125984
WordScorePoS
sector0.0214003646985842NN
require0VB
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
protection0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
coastal0JJ
urban0JJ
estimate0NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
adaptation0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.395434375340654
WordScorePoS
sector0.0169905820958638NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
coastal0JJ
urban0JJ
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
adaptation0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.347682505947857
WordScorePoS
sector0.0565629593551219NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
supply0NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
coastal0JJ
urban0JJ
estimate0.0221298700466866NN
total0.0260040237236563NN
adaptation0NN
world0.00257642711761688NN
bank0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.301336643920963
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
require0VB
investment0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
supply0NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
coastal0JJ
urban0.27622591898666JJ
estimate0NN
total0NN
adaptation0.04477822029736NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
bank0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.248281046976622
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
require0VB
investment0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
supply0NN
flood0NN
protection0NN
infrastructure0NN
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As most of this investment will be needed in developing countries where the infrastructure and systems are yet to be built there are possibilities for making future cities climate smart thus reducing climate risks and maximizing environmental and economic benefits

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WordScorePoS
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For example costbenefit assessments of early warning systems for storms floods and droughts undertaken throughout Asia indicate potential returns of up to US for each US invested Subbiah et al

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Some cities like Singapore have taken adaptive measures to increase the resilience of urban water supply and sanitation systems

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To avoid seawater intrusion into reservoirs most reservoir dams are much higher than the predicted sea level rise and if needed the gates can be further raised

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By diversifying its water sources to include rainwater harvesting reclaimed water and desalinization the city has reduced its vulnerability to prolonged dry periods Chiplunkar et al

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327239610691838
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Urbanization Food and agriculture FAO | Edited by Jippe Hoogeveen By agriculture will need to produce more food globally and more in developing countries Alexandratos and Bruinsma

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However current growth rates of agricultural demands on the world freshwater resources are unsustainable

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.327664181385103
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Inefficient use of water for crop production depletes aquifers reduces river flows degrades wildlife habitats and has caused salinization of of the global irrigated land area FAO

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387266733755017
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.336022629751259
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The bulk of capture fisheries production comes from coastal waters where both the productivity and the quality of fish stocks are severely affected by pollution much of which comes from agriculture

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Although reservoirs can create opportunities for aquaculture capture fisheries and aquaculture can also be threatened by competing demands from hydropower development and water diversion for industrial uses

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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.497309358132977
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.23839294074055
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To achieve world free from hunger and malnutrition where food and agriculture contribute to improving the living standards of all especially the poorest in an economically socially and environmentally sustainable

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.374634428223636
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Improving efficiency in the use of resources is crucial to sustainable agriculture

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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.321677513224637
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Sustainability requires direct action to conserve protect and enhance natural resources

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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.366424631657924
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.340147088358097
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Agriculture that fails to protect and improve rural livelihoods and social well being is unsustainable

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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.35644378921157
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.305018038605016
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Enhanced resilience of people communities and ecosystems is key to sustainable agriculture

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Sustainable food and agriculture requires responsible and effective governance mechanisms

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.440833210318774
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.321381937711308
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The principles are interconnected and complementary and should often be considered simultaneously Figure

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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.499210073635986
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They support the three dimensions of sustainable development

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The first two principles directly refer to the environment while the third refers to social and economic development

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The fourth and the fifth underpin all three dimensions of sustainable development

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For the application of all five The five principles of sustainable agriculture Figure

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manner FAO FAO has proposed the following five principles FAO Source FAO Fig

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pp

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges principles range of actions can be taken to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability

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Improving resource use efficiency In broad terms agriculture has two options to increase water use efficiency reduce water losses and increase water productivity

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resource0.0104991907358033NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
term0NN
agriculture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
loss0NN
productivity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362260828659274
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
term0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
productivity0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.185485930795977
WordScorePoS
improve0.0229264916384433VB
resource0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
agriculture0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
water0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
loss0NN
productivity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.136176014667776
WordScorePoS
improve0.0218534471578307VB
resource0.0358563662904843NN
efficiency0NN
term0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
water0NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
loss0NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.0988105150015582
WordScorePoS
improve0.0183291958415182VB
resource0.0375923735942499NN
efficiency0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
agriculture0NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
water0NN
reduce0.00335331148065841VB
loss0NN
productivity0NN

The first option seeks to increase the efficiency of water use by reducing water losses in the process of production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842283317241357
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
water0.556409482163189NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
loss0NN
process0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.428097357650609
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
water0.186896403054502NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
process0NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.138603352406858
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
increase0.0162235147372888NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
water0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
loss0NN
process0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

Technically water use efficiency is dimensionless ratio that can be calculated at any scale from irrigation system to the point of consumption in the field

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.684087682292437
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
ratio0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
system0NN
consumption0NN
field0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.580861834478842
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
ratio0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
field0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.184354464614567
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
ratio0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
field0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.140288531626909
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
ratio0NN
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN
consumption0NN
field0NN

It is generally applied to any management approach that reduces the nonbeneficial use of water i

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.862358959366889
WordScorePoS
management0.0428007293971684NN
approach0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.4214708837065
WordScorePoS
management0.0339811641917276NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN

reducing leakage or evaporative losses in water conveyance and application

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.879286442568443
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
loss0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.397965966621633
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
water0.186896403054502NN

The second option focuses on increasing crop productivity

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.602083742051485
WordScorePoS
focus0.030745604615229NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
crop0NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.468856973644441
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.38701214418613
WordScorePoS
focus0.0410992516792148NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
crop0NN
productivity0.0410992516792148NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.337722629752185
WordScorePoS
focus0.0373517915079663NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
crop0NN
productivity0.0373517915079663NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.329749562641356
WordScorePoS
focus0.0279982034978914NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
crop0.0335649154577099NN
productivity0NN

This involves producing more crop or value per volume of water applied

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.839072122498324
WordScorePoS
involve0VB
produce0VB
crop0NN
volume0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.4555250211284
WordScorePoS
involve0.0819583881728876VB
produce0.0332151194779746VB
crop0NN
volume0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

The single most important avenue for managing water demand in agriculture is through increasing agricultural productivity systems

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.689056375864163
WordScorePoS
single0.0583416713841148JJ
manage0.0297950283197006VB
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.585906590123685
WordScorePoS
single0JJ
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
agriculture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.232293780514916
WordScorePoS
single0JJ
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN
system0NN

The share of water lost through non beneficial consumption either through evaporation or through drainage into low quality water bodies or to the sea varies according to local conditions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.781200905846735
WordScorePoS
share0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
lose0VB
consumption0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
sea0.041835863322702NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
condition0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.509539663957648
WordScorePoS
share0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
lose0VB
consumption0.332151194779746NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
sea0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
condition0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.22563698329328
WordScorePoS
share0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
lose0VB
consumption0.147812295323721NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
sea0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
condition0.121575732851624NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.118904717160485
WordScorePoS
share0NN
water0NN
lose0VB
consumption0NN
quality0NN
sea0.16782457728855NN
local0.0145856516935579JJ
condition0NN

A clear understanding of the real potential for reducing water losses is needed to avoid designing costly and ineffective demand management strategies WRG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.78905026246861
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
loss0NN
avoid0VB
demand0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
strategy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.376066970750223
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
avoid0VB
demand0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
strategy0NN

In most cases the single most important avenue for managing water demand in agriculture is through increasing agricultural productivity

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.649596865359098
WordScorePoS
single0.0583416713841148JJ
manage0.0297950283197006VB
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.623200439845973
WordScorePoS
single0JJ
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
agriculture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.247079634587861
WordScorePoS
single0JJ
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN

Increased crop yields are made possible through combination of improved water control improved land management and agronomic practices

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.768131925350862
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
crop0NN
yield0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
control0NN
land0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
practice0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340693992631336
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
crop0NN
yield0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
control0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN

The latter include the choice of genetic material and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.657065037596397
WordScorePoS
include0VB
choice0.0516150472983178NN
genetic0JJ
material0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.560994777063753
WordScorePoS
include0VB
choice0NN
genetic0.0881366997038154JJ
material0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.351638530514306
WordScorePoS
include0VB
choice0NN
genetic0JJ
material0.055245183797332NN

Deficit irrigation for high yield and maximum net profits BOX Clearly there is scope for managing the demand for water in agriculture in time and in space

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784880092091019
WordScorePoS
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
yield0NN
maximum0NN
manage0VB
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
agriculture0NN
time0NN
space0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.298956777304567
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
yield0NN
maximum0NN
manage0VB
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
space0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.292816350576479
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
yield0NN
maximum0NN
manage0.0297950283197006VB
demand0.0297950283197006NN
water0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
time0.0182713919265625NN
space0NN

However excessive emphasis is often placed on the first option with efforts aimed at reducing water losses within irrigation distribution systems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.809126638715736
WordScorePoS
excessive0JJ
effort0NN
aim0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
loss0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443006925648342
WordScorePoS
excessive0.0542519672965169JJ
effort0NN
aim0.0277064208763707NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN

Two factors limit the scope for and impact of water loss reduction

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.796923525126002
WordScorePoS
limit0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
loss0NN
reduction0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.471987970983459
WordScorePoS
limit0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
water0.186896403054502NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN

First only part of the water lost defined as water that is diverted for purposes that have clear and tangible benefits such as for household purposes irrigation industrial processing and cooling while withdrawn for beneficial use can be recovered effectively at reasonable cost

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824541175422053
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
lose0VB
benefit0NN
household0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
industrial0JJ
processing0NN
effectively0RB
cost0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.393822547792119
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
lose0VB
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
household0NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
processing0.0909486002868787NN
effectively0RB
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352559134294721
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
lose0VB
benefit0NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
irrigation0NN
industrial0JJ
processing0.0409791940864438NN
effectively0RB
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Second part of the water lost between the source and final users return to the hydrological system either through percolation into aquifers or as return flow into river Maximum crop productivity is achieved using high yielding varieties with optimal water supply soil fertility and crop protection

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.835959123807392
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
lose0VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
final0JJ
user0NN
return0NN
system0NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
flow0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
maximum0NN
crop0NN
productivity0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
yield0NN
variety0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
soil0NN
fertility0NN
protection0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.376479173811162
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
lose0VB
source0NN
final0.108503934593034JJ
user0NN
return0NN
system0NN
aquifer0NN
flow0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
maximum0NN
crop0NN
productivity0NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
yield0NN
variety0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
fertility0.0542519672965169NN
protection0NN

However crops can also produce well with sub optimal water supply

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.876536848532772
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
produce0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.413617429134986
WordScorePoS
crop0NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN

In deficit irrigation water supply is less than the crop full requirement and mild stress is allowed during growth stages that are less sensitive to moisture deficiency

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79274873777131
WordScorePoS
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
crop0NN
full0JJ
stress0NN
growth0NN
stage0NN
sensitive0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.370135247446127
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
crop0NN
full0JJ
stress0.0542519672965169NN
growth0NN
stage0NN
sensitive0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.296709132888365
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
water0NN
supply0NN
crop0NN
full0.0410992516792148JJ
stress0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
stage0NN
sensitive0JJ

The expectation is that any yield reduction will be limited and additional benefits are gained by diverting the saved water to irrigate other crops or for other beneficial uses

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.821562097859927
WordScorePoS
yield0NN
reduction0NN
limited0JJ
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
save0IN
water0.556409482163189NN
crop0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375276539941451
WordScorePoS
yield0NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
limited0JJ
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
gain0.0664302389559493NN
save0IN
water0.186896403054502NN
crop0NN

six year study of winter wheat production on the North China Plain showed water savings of or more through the application of deficit irrigation at various growth stages

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788726003516588
WordScorePoS
study0NN
wheat0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
north0RB
water0.556409482163189NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
growth0NN
stage0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.383233095303486
WordScorePoS
study0NN
wheat0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
north0RB
water0.186896403054502NN
irrigation0NN
growth0NN
stage0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.324516090347214
WordScorePoS
study0NN
wheat0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
north0RB
water0NN
irrigation0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
stage0NN

In normal years two irrigations instead of the usual four of mm were enough to achieve acceptably high yields and maximize net profits

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.586709989795178
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
achieve0VB
yield0.0828215106044499NN

In Punjab Pakistan study of the long term impacts of deficit irrigation on wheat and cotton reported yield reductions of up to when irrigation was applied to satisfy only of total crop evapotranspiration

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.31732948865426
WordScorePoS
study0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
impact0NN
irrigation0NN
wheat0NN
report0NN
yield0NN
reduction0NN
total0NN
crop0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.51236538570586
WordScorePoS
study0NN
term0NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
irrigation0NN
wheat0.0414107553022249NN
report0NN
yield0.0828215106044499NN
reduction0.0403047273067529NN
total0NN
crop0.0335649154577099NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.411806156529008
WordScorePoS
study0NN
term0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
irrigation0NN
wheat0NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
yield0NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
crop0NN

The study highlighted the importance of maintaining leaching practices in order to avoid the long term risk of soil salinization

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.40591571086999
WordScorePoS
study0NN
maintain0VB
practice0NN
avoid0VB
term0.149793392961411NN
risk0NN
soil0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.536891502195741
WordScorePoS
study0NN
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
practice0.0252000451111224NN
avoid0VB
term0NN
risk0.0252000451111224NN
soil0.0595900566394012NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.343934990576301
WordScorePoS
study0.0517339898971162NN
maintain0VB
practice0NN
avoid0VB
term0NN
risk0.0223459295604043NN
soil0.0528409850971592NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340663035695635
WordScorePoS
study0NN
maintain0VB
practice0.0703006268489394NN
avoid0VB
term0NN
risk0NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.320920589367691
WordScorePoS
study0NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB
practice0NN
avoid0VB
term0NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
soil0NN

In studies carried out in India on irrigated groundnuts production and water productivity were increased by imposing transient soil moisture deficit stress during the vegetative phase to days after sowing

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.666426085093641
WordScorePoS
study0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN
productivity0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
soil0NN
stress0NN
phase0NN
day0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.576908235204668
WordScorePoS
study0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
water0.186896403054502NN
productivity0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
phase0.108503934593034NN
day0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.280826818505012
WordScorePoS
study0NN
production0NN
water0NN
productivity0NN
increase0NN
soil0NN
stress0NN
phase0NN
day0.25973846344589NN

Water stress applied during the vegetative growth phase may have had favourable effect on root growth contributing to more effective water use from deeper soil horizons

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.778347558567733
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
stress0NN
growth0NN
phase0NN
favourable0JJ
effect0NN
contribute0VB
effective0JJ
soil0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.452798068023089
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
growth0NN
phase0.108503934593034NN
favourable0JJ
effect0NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
effective0JJ
soil0.0554128417527413NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.30439267286294
WordScorePoS
water0NN
stress0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
phase0NN
favourable0JJ
effect0NN
contribute0VB
effective0.0180650490434051JJ
soil0NN

Higher water savings are possible in fruit trees compared to herbaceous crops

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.913818223968656
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
tree0NN
compare0VB
crop0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30694900892308
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
tree0NN
compare0VB
crop0NN

In Australia regulated deficit irrigation of fruit trees increased water productivity by approximately with gain in fruit quality and no loss in yield

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.785752703907259
WordScorePoS
regulate0VB
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
tree0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
productivity0NN
approximately0RB
gain0.041835863322702NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
loss0NN
yield0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.378924547006396
WordScorePoS
regulate0VB
irrigation0NN
tree0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
productivity0NN
approximately0RB
gain0.0664302389559493NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
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It should be noted however that deficit irrigation can only obtain good results if the irrigation systems provide very reliable water services that are also quite flexible

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Source FAO

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
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WWDR Food and agriculture improved soil fertility management and plant protection

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It is important to note that plant breeding and biotechnology can help by increasing the harvestable parts of the biomass reducing biomass losses through increased resistance to pests and diseases reducing soil evaporation through vigorous early growth for fast ground cover and reduced susceptibility to drought

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Therefore managing overall demand through focus on water productivity rather than concentrating on the technical efficiency of water use alone is an important consideration Box

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Conserving protecting and enhancing natural resources It is crucial to protect and restore natural ecosystems like wetlands forests rivers and lakes that provide important ecosystem services with regard to the quality and quantity of water see Chapter

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However while preserving the environmental function of water systems is priority its execution will involve careful negotiation on required environmental flows

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Since agricultural landscapes also perform environmental functions the boundary between environmental water requirements and agricultural water demand is often not clear cut see WWAP Chapter Case study Progress on sustainable development objectives in the Mekong Delta Viet Nam

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Planting rice in Viet Nam Photo UN Photo Kibae Park BOX

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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.787570572967604
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Rio Rural Payments for environmental services in watershed management programme In the northern parts of the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil past rural policies gave priority to mono cropping of coffee and sugar cane as well as extensive cattle raising

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The associated deforestation and unsustainable production systems lead to soil degradation and depletion of water resources

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Since the Rio Rural Programme has been working to reverse this pattern by providing long term support to small family farmers to transition to eco friendly productive systems

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Since most of the more sustainable technologies have higher costs of implementation and low impacts on rural income it is crucial to establish financial incentive system to support their adoption

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With financing from GEF the World Bank federal and state programmes and the private sector Rio Rural will invest US million on ha and benefiting farmers of which receive direct financial incentives and technical assistance to improve productivity

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In return farmers agree to conserve remnant forest areas

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The Rio Rural strategy for long term sustainability of farmers´ agro ecosystems is to ensure that every farming technology upgrade is jointly adopted with conservation practice so farmers are able to raise productivity while improving environment quality

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Farmers who adopt rotational grazing systems with Rio Rural support also agree to release part of their lands to forest restoration to protect springs and riparian strips

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Activities directly related to water protection are partly funded by water supply authorities at local state and federal levels

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Rio Rural offers technical support and financial incentives to income generation activities and watershed management committees invest earmarked shares of water fees directly in the conservation practices

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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.348221629413371
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.226589602445905
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.351825751380058
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Contributed by the Rio Rural project team Sustainable Development Department SEAPEC Rio de Janeiro State Secretariat of Agriculture Brazil http www

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microbacias

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Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges With increased intensive agriculture water pollution from both point and non point sources may worsen

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Technologies exist to limit agricultural water pollution in particular through integrated pest and plant nutrition management

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Experience from high income countries shows that combination of incentives including more stringent regulation enforcement and well targeted subsidies can help reduce water pollution FAO

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reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342599869026425
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
income0NN
country0NN
incentive0NN
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0NN
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.33822749158641
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
incentive0NN
include0VB
regulation0.0977392570420122NN
target0NN
subsidy0NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
water0NN
pollution0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.307872388199209
WordScorePoS
experience0NN
income0NN
country0NN
incentive0NN
include0VB
regulation0NN
target0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
reduce0.0036456034155327VB
water0.0333211986002325NN
pollution0.0689352823740101NN

In addition the PES approach see Section

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.668764549612423
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
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often in combination with the above mentioned incentives can lead to noticeable reduction in agricultural pollution and savings in water treatment costs downstream of agricultural land Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.652614396373987
WordScorePoS
incentive0NN
lead0NN
reduction0NN
agricultural0JJ
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
cost0NN
land0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.548544395180803
WordScorePoS
incentive0NN
lead0NN
reduction0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
pollution0NN
water0NN
treatment0NN
cost0NN
land0.0465651203624806NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.29041594697182
WordScorePoS
incentive0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
agricultural0JJ
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
treatment0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
land0.0144336476662975NN

Rural livelihoods and social well being Agricultural development aims to benefit those whose livelihoods depend on it by increasing their access to resources and assets their participation in markets and their job opportunities

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.648444134751948
WordScorePoS
rural0.148975141598503JJ
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social0JJ
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benefit0.0252000451111224NN
depend0.0357189919948307VB
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resource0.0358563662904843NN
asset0NN
participation0NN
market0.0913569596328122NN
job0.0109267235789154NN
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.269898150722134
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
livelihood0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
agricultural0JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
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benefit0NN
depend0VB
increase0.00711043475673939NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
asset0NN
participation0NN
market0.0252035516550537NN
job0.135650868266471NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.337562304783599
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
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resource0.0739147683583536NN
asset0NN
participation0.0614198493690006NN
market0NN
job0.0225244866060403NN
opportunity0NN

If it fails to do so it is unsustainable

Label: 12, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ

Since of the world poor live in rural areas broad based rural development and the wide sharing of its benefits are the most effective means of reducing poverty and food insecurity World Bank

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.683396099657735
WordScorePoS
world0.0124838525528648NN
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
live0.0143446978608332VB
rural0.148975141598503JJ
base0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
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effective0JJ
means0NNS
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poverty0.0261926252110933NN
food0.292342270824999NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.538649498734357
WordScorePoS
world0.00257343720272548NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
live0.0739258553811849VB
rural0JJ
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development0.0164833460638534NN
wide0JJ
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benefit0NN
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means0.120266261535276NNS
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
food0NN
bank0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.237126415153705
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
live0VB
rural0JJ
base0.0199423462679015NN
development0.022306853314744NN
wide0JJ
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benefit0NN
effective0JJ
means0NNS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
food0.186896403054502NN
bank0NN

The status of women who make up the majority of the world hungry and have disproportionately low levels of resource ownership requires special attention

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.489429156325357
WordScorePoS
status0NN
woman0.0546336178945768NN
majority0.0357189919948307NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
hungry0.220341749259538JJ
level0.00552410547653725NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
ownership0NN
require0VB
special0JJ
attention0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.441599845207645
WordScorePoS
status0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
majority0NN
world0.00585260443759492NN
hungry0JJ
level0.0172651853471334NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
ownership0.0558185411034276NN
require0VB
special0JJ
attention0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.376159142277697
WordScorePoS
status0NN
woman0.0450489732120807NN
majority0.0736315832425121NN
world0.00257343720272548NN
hungry0JJ
level0.0113874611101829NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
ownership0.0736315832425121NN
require0VB
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attention0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.335351569952344
WordScorePoS
status0NN
woman0.0273960270556257NN
majority0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
hungry0JJ
level0.00692515656684925NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
ownership0NN
require0VB
special0.0747035830159326JJ
attention0.08955644059472NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.305754496055096
WordScorePoS
status0.0488696285210061NN
woman0.0242343960710022NN
majority0.0792212041430275NN
world0.00276879546803864NN
hungry0JJ
level0NN
resource0NN
ownership0NN
require0VB
special0.0330412182586772JJ
attention0.0396106020715138NN

With equal access to resources and knowledge female farmers who account for the majority of all subsistence farmers could produce enough additional food to reduce the number of the world hungry by million FAO

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.874119172802014
WordScorePoS
equal0.0182713919265625JJ
access0.00749031153171887NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
knowledge0.0595900566394012NN
female0NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
account0NN
majority0.0357189919948307NN
produce0.0357189919948307VB
additional0.0440683498519077JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
world0.0124838525528648NN
hungry0.220341749259538JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304225370613699
WordScorePoS
equal0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
knowledge0NN
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
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produce0.0332151194779746VB
additional0JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
hungry0.0409791940864438JJ

Water scarcity can impose major constraint on agricultural productivity and rural poverty reduction

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.759265910544855
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
major0JJ
constraint0NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN
rural0JJ
poverty0NN
reduction0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.443614899450803
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarcity0NN
major0JJ
constraint0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
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reduction0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.247039136877115
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarcity0NN
major0JJ
constraint0NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN
rural0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.200414736153871
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
major0JJ
constraint0NN
agricultural0JJ
productivity0NN
rural0JJ
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN

The vulnerability of rural people remains considerable due to combination of highly variable and erratic precipitation poor development of hydraulic infrastructure management and markets BOX

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.507587425474918
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
rural0JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
remains0NNS
due0.0519476926891779JJ
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poor0.150659516460257JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
infrastructure0NN
management0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.475081706987586
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
people0.0257736572183839NNS
remains0NNS
due0JJ
highly0RB
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
management0NN
market0.0913569596328122NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.440807504681164
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0NN
rural0JJ
people0.0186171553883251NNS
remains0.0454743001434393NNS
due0JJ
highly0RB
poor0JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
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market0.0377086395700813NN

non conducive land and water governance and lack of access to water for domestic and productive uses

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875182575623061
WordScorePoS
conducive0JJ
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299423516511814
WordScorePoS
conducive0JJ
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
domestic0JJ
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For millions of smallholder farmers fishers and herders water is one of the most important production assets

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.769392511574267
WordScorePoS
million0CD
smallholder0NN
farmer0NN
fisher0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
asset0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.442412078017617
WordScorePoS
million0CD
smallholder0.0583416713841148NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
fisher0.0440683498519077NN
water0NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
asset0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.407233764968198
WordScorePoS
million0CD
smallholder0NN
farmer0NN
fisher0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
asset0NN

Securing access to and control and management of water is key to enhancing their livelihoods especially in Africa see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.794166519853197
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
key0NN
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africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278690597216102
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
control0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
key0NN
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africa0IN

Approaches exist for well targeted local interventions in water that contribute to rapid improvement in the livelihoods of the rural poor Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.699055371789267
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
exist0VB
target0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
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poor0.0642010940957526JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.395592111291974
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
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poor0.0339811641917276JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.350649191805322
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
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target0.0357189919948307NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
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livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.211929377566628
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
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However investments in water infrastructure alone cannot suffice to improve agricultural productivity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.702442333567637
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.445315249119025
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
improve0VB
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.410016929928301
WordScorePoS
investment0.0182713919265625NN
water0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.242195852505003
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
improve0VB
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Farmers need access to inputs like The social impacts of rapid food price inflation have hit the poorest hardest fertilizer and seed material and like fishers need access to water and all users need access to credit

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.638092308787157
WordScorePoS
farmer0.175025014152344NN
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social0JJ
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food0.292342270824999NN
price0.0583416713841148NN
poorest0.0297950283197006JJS
seed0.11668334276823NN
material0NN
fisher0.0440683498519077NN
water0NN
user0NN
credit0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.563934557865858
WordScorePoS
farmer0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
input0NN
social0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
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food0.0214003646985842NN
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poorest0.0348974218717993JJS
seed0NN
material0.0516150472983178NN
fisher0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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credit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387746380895797
WordScorePoS
farmer0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
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social0.0169905820958638JJ
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food0.186896403054502NN
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poorest0JJS
seed0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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credit0NN

In addition they need better education and information regarding the use of inputs and latest techniques

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.795125238056361
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
information0.0182963616752599NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.384567713502572
WordScorePoS
addition0.0368585655748969NN
education0.022550656390892NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.324532571289153
WordScorePoS
addition0.0357189919948307NN
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input0.0583416713841148NN

In South East Asia under the influence of fast but uneven economic growth the agricultural sector faces two complex trends an increasing income gap between agriculture and other sectors and the need to reverse the unsustainable use and degradation of the region limited natural resources base

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.461545133514991
WordScorePoS
south0RB
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.427000555566962
WordScorePoS
south0RB
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growth0.0252000451111224NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.379628694619892
WordScorePoS
south0RB
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resource0.0123650647908625NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.283070202442988
WordScorePoS
south0RB
asia0IN
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growth0NN
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natural0.016202004209163JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.271916545424159
WordScorePoS
south0RB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.307940133176079
WordScorePoS
south0RB
asia0IN
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unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
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A key challenge for decisionmakers is to adopt policies and strategies to help bridge widening gap between urban affluence and rural poverty while also encompassing green measures necessary to enhance ecological well being

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.563710931168137
WordScorePoS
key0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.524718145545849
WordScorePoS
key0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.327432680138947
WordScorePoS
key0.0297950283197006NN
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For many farmers and fishers solutions need to be found outside of the agricultural sector

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.935043005129122
WordScorePoS
farmer0.175025014152344NN
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agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
sector0.0182713919265625NN

The Keita Project Exploring the range of water conservation options in western Niger The Keita Project funded by Italy and the World Food Programme at more than US million started its activities in the AderDoutchi Majiya an arid region of Niger in

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.669212133966546
WordScorePoS
project0.041835863322702NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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fund0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.497183254654737
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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western0JJ
fund0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
food0.186896403054502NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
activity0.0199423462679015NN
region0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.34647046443958
WordScorePoS
project0NN
range0NN
water0NN
conservation0NN
western0.0440683498519077JJ
fund0NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
food0.292342270824999NN
programme0NN
activity0NN
region0.0297950283197006NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.19563716735249
WordScorePoS
project0NN
range0NN
water0NN
conservation0NN
western0JJ
fund0NN
world0.00257343720272548NN
food0NN
programme0.0269969049497485NN
activity0NN
region0.184259548107002NN

It is project of unusual scale and duration and by it covered an area of km with about people in villages

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.454303069362016
WordScorePoS
project0NN
scale0.0325700316331562NN
cover0.0401833161726777NN
people0.00705044110169491NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.446389704065338
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
scale0NN
cover0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS

The project provided services and infrastructure on grand scale

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.769677636234336
WordScorePoS
project0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.348071363079643
WordScorePoS
project0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
scale0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321826341354727
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
scale0NN

By the end of it had created artificial lakes dams and anti erosion dykes and village wells

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.717487082529183
WordScorePoS
create0.0695218668857431VB
lake0NN
erosion0.0804764811724088NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.493780500653496
WordScorePoS
create0VB
lake0.103230094596636NN
erosion0NN

It had applied soil and water conservation techniques to about ha of land and had planted million reforestation seedlings

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.644538572171113
WordScorePoS
soil0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
conservation0NN
land0NN
plant0NN
reforestation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297408118723332
WordScorePoS
soil0.0554128417527413NN
water0.186896403054502NN
conservation0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
plant0NN
reforestation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.276113842435854
WordScorePoS
soil0.0595900566394012NN
water0NN
conservation0NN
land0.0465651203624806NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
reforestation0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.614928563709915
WordScorePoS
soil0.0528409850971592NN
water0.016202004209163NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
land0.123873694868802NN
plant0.117231723668544NN
reforestation0.103467979794232NN

In addition the project provided variety of infrastructure including schools maternity centres veterinary facilities shops and storehouses and it included women empowerment programmes microcredit and adult literacy courses

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.716160829155831
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
project0NN
variety0NN
infrastructure0NN
include0VB
school0.208127520578185NN
centre0NN
facility0.0815069365350084NN
woman0.0610612445035112NN
empowerment0NN
programme0.0182963616752599NN
adult0.163013873070017JJ
literacy0.244520809605025NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.584102595785668
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
project0NN
variety0NN
infrastructure0.024255976440725NN
include0VB
school0.0931221694711702NN
centre0NN
facility0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
empowerment0.273513903975916NN
programme0.02046578088155NN
adult0JJ
literacy0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.211254610923418
WordScorePoS
addition0.0368585655748969NN
project0NN
variety0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
include0VB
school0NN
centre0NN
facility0NN
woman0NN
empowerment0NN
programme0NN
adult0JJ
literacy0NN

The aspects of the project that were most appreciated by the local population were the increased availability of water and fodder together with the distribution of food for work in an area with few work opportunities Rossi

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.71596082290991
WordScorePoS
aspect0NN
project0.041835863322702NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.490586448965033
WordScorePoS
aspect0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
food0.186896403054502NN
opportunity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.387391034532291
WordScorePoS
aspect0NN
project0NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
population0.0310434135749871NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
availability0NN
water0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN

Ten years after project completion most of the hydraulic infrastructure was still in place and functioning for the benefit of local populations

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.594932163233184
WordScorePoS
project0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
function0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
local0JJ
population0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.358134571859799
WordScorePoS
project0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
function0.0440683498519077NN
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
population0.0310434135749871NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338530264584047
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
function0NN
benefit0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.312329596077132
WordScorePoS
project0.041835863322702NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
function0NN
benefit0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN

Source FAO and Box p

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

and Italian Development Cooperation

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.503907642184325
WordScorePoS
development0.0469463607292177NN
cooperation0.0183291958415182NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.439735268111762
WordScorePoS
development0.0368309542451156NN
cooperation0.0201317944152378NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.333437523863569
WordScorePoS
development0.0279277626235394NN
cooperation0.0152653111258778NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.329078346620028
WordScorePoS
development0.022306853314744NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.301128722910332
WordScorePoS
development0.0164833460638534NN
cooperation0.0225244866060403NN

WWDR Food and agriculture There is general recognition that the current performance of the irrigation sector is often environmentally unsustainable and that the level of service delivery is on the whole inadequate to meet the poorest farmers needs to generate sufficient income for dignified livelihood let alone their future requirements

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.804250423749483
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
current0JJ
performance0NN
irrigation0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
environmentally0RB
unsustainable0JJ
level0.00552410547653725NN
service0.0143446978608332NN
inadequate0JJ
meet0.0881366997038154VB
poorest0.0297950283197006JJS
farmer0.175025014152344NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
sufficient0.0440683498519077JJ
income0.0643370113878709NN
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
future0.0297950283197006NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.286924286561782
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ
performance0NN
irrigation0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
environmentally0RB
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
inadequate0JJ
meet0VB
poorest0JJS
farmer0NN
generate0VB
sufficient0JJ
income0NN
livelihood0NN
future0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.217784498257774
WordScorePoS
food0NN
agriculture0NN
current0JJ
performance0.064698038783335NN
irrigation0NN
sector0NN
environmentally0RB
unsustainable0JJ
level0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
inadequate0JJ
meet0VB
poorest0.0330412182586772JJS
farmer0NN
generate0VB
sufficient0JJ
income0.166475342664294NN
livelihood0NN
future0NN

Modernizing large scale irrigation systems should allow for farm size consolidation rendering them highly reliable flexible and service oriented

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.758460127751289
WordScorePoS
scale0.0357189919948307NN
irrigation0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
size0NN
highly0RB
reliable0JJ
service0.0143446978608332NN
orient0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.354429448221037
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN
farm0NN
size0NN
highly0RB
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
service0.0451471467893167NN
orient0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.377457940920152
WordScorePoS
scale0.0368585655748969NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
system0NN
farm0NN
size0.0368585655748969NN
highly0RB
reliable0.0737171311497939JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN
orient0NN

This Female farmers who account for the majority of all subsistence farmers could produce enough additional food to reduce the number of the world hungry by million would also create room for acknowledging the multiple users of water so that their planning can be compatible with long term urban energy and transport infrastructure perspectives

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.560742523548508
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
account0NN
majority0.0357189919948307NN
produce0.0357189919948307VB
additional0.0440683498519077JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
world0.0124838525528648NN
hungry0.220341749259538JJ
create0VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0NN
plan0NN
term0NN
urban0JJ
energy0.0130963126055467NN
transport0NN
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
perspective0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.415409890961308
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
majority0NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
additional0JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
hungry0.0409791940864438JJ
create0.0234335422829798VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
term0NN
urban0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
transport0.0277064208763707NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
perspective0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.373365089189559
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0NN
majority0NN
produce0VB
additional0JJ
food0.0383371018038178NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
world0.00261936653839306NN
hungry0JJ
create0VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0NN
plan0NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
urban0JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
transport0NN
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
perspective0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.351104864355181
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
majority0NN
produce0VB
additional0JJ
food0.0214003646985842NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
hungry0JJ
create0VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
plan0NN
term0NN
urban0JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN
transport0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
perspective0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.328139629039309
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0.0194583992186006NN
majority0NN
produce0VB
additional0JJ
food0NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
world0.00626002771693937NN
hungry0JJ
create0.0315914058171786VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN
term0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
energy0.0492535935240667NN
transport0.0747035830159326NN
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
perspective0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.220604008972096
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
majority0NN
produce0VB
additional0JJ
food0.0188543197850406NN
reduce0VB
world0.00257642711761688NN
hungry0JJ
create0.0520080474473126VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0JJ
user0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
plan0NN
term0NN
urban0JJ
energy0.0540565419125769NN
transport0.030745604615229NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
perspective0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.193315538869043
WordScorePoS
female0NN
farmer0NN
account0NN
majority0NN
produce0VB
additional0.036961556179878JJ
food0NN
reduce0.00335331148065841VB
world0.00418824502414673NN
hungry0JJ
create0VB
acknowledge0VB
multiple0.048933054487825JJ
user0.048933054487825NN
water0NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
term0.149793392961411NN
urban0JJ
energy0.0109843026967392NN
transport0.0249900578719309NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
perspective0NN

Improving resilience In the context of sustainable food and agriculture resilience is the capacity of farming fishing and herding communities households or individuals to maintain or enhance system BOX

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.833620330391686
WordScorePoS
improve0.0218534471578307VB
resilience0NN
context0NN
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
fishing0NN
community0.0182713919265625NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
individual0JJ
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
enhance0.0268922747178632VB
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.292523171056719
WordScorePoS
improve0.00996343157341984VB
resilience0.0271683202880942NN
context0NN
sustainable0.0068299711135629JJ
food0.0166605993001162NN
agriculture0NN
capacity0.0081738237776987NN
farm0NN
fishing0.212793248229045NN
community0NN
household0NN
individual0JJ
maintain0VB
enhance0.0245214713330961VB
system0.0229784274580034NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.255850041791084
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
resilience0NN
context0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
farm0NN
fishing0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
individual0JJ
maintain0VB
enhance0VB
system0NN

productivity by preventing mitigating or coping with risks adapting to change and recovering from shocks

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.744960762368531
WordScorePoS
productivity0NN
prevent0VB
risk0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
shock0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.35194407876782
WordScorePoS
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
prevent0.0297950283197006VB
risk0.0252000451111224NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
shock0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.318687577304526
WordScorePoS
productivity0NN
prevent0VB
risk0.0519476926891779NN
change0NN
shock0.120266261535276NN

Phenomena such as extreme weather events and market volatility as well as civil strife and political instability impair the productivity and stability of agriculture which in turn increases uncertainty and risks for producers

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.672217739260062
WordScorePoS
extreme0.0714379839896614JJ
weather0.0357189919948307NN
event0NN
market0.0913569596328122NN
volatility0.0583416713841148NN
civil0JJ
political0JJ
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
stability0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
risk0.0252000451111224NN
producer0.0440683498519077NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.536861155596102
WordScorePoS
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
weather0NN
event0.0908430554521382NN
market0NN
volatility0NN
civil0JJ
political0JJ
productivity0NN
stability0NN
agriculture0NN
increase0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
producer0NN

The social impacts of rapid food price inflation have hit the poorest hardest

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.691495762497842
WordScorePoS
social0JJ
impact0NN
rapid0JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
price0.0583416713841148NN
poorest0.0297950283197006JJS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.527944614580257
WordScorePoS
social0.0169905820958638JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
rapid0JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
price0NN
poorest0JJS

Improving the resilience of water users to shocks and extreme events is vital part of an effective coping strategy Box

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.655808338687333
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
resilience0.0614198493690006NN
water0NN
user0NN
shock0.120266261535276NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN
vital0JJ
effective0JJ
strategy0.0442083771593746NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.651878725882317
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
resilience0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN
shock0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
vital0JJ
effective0JJ
strategy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.200516052573656
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
resilience0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN
shock0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN
vital0JJ
effective0JJ
strategy0NN

The buffering capacity of global agricultural markets to absorb supply shocks and stabilize agricultural commodity prices is tied to the continued functioning of land and water systems

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.7022221430453
WordScorePoS
buffer0NN
capacity0.0179281831452421NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
market0.0913569596328122NN
absorb0VB
supply0NN
shock0NN
commodity0.0440683498519077NN
price0.0583416713841148NN
continue0VB
function0.0440683498519077NN
land0.0465651203624806NN
water0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.501270778599128
WordScorePoS
buffer0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
agricultural0JJ
market0NN
absorb0VB
supply0.0590310971343993NN
shock0NN
commodity0NN
price0NN
continue0VB
function0NN
land0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267641647769025
WordScorePoS
buffer0NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
agricultural0JJ
market0.0169905820958638NN
absorb0VB
supply0.0703006268489394NN
shock0NN
commodity0NN
price0NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
function0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
water0.186896403054502NN
system0NN

At the same time climate change brings additional risks and further unpredictability of harvests for farmers fishers and herders due to warming and related aridity shifts in rainfall patterns and the frequency and duration of extreme events

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.779343708284251
WordScorePoS
time0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
bring0VB
additional0JJ
risk0NN
harvest0NN
farmer0NN
fisher0NN
due0.0473606524958885JJ
warm0.207053776511125JJ
related0.0168470026160727JJ
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.392812560676905
WordScorePoS
time0NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN
bring0VB
additional0JJ
risk0.0519476926891779NN
harvest0NN
farmer0NN
fisher0NN
due0.0519476926891779JJ
warm0JJ
related0.0184786920895884JJ
pattern0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.359516768343467
WordScorePoS
time0.0182713919265625NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
bring0VB
additional0.0440683498519077JJ
risk0.0252000451111224NN
harvest0NN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
fisher0.0440683498519077NN
due0JJ
warm0JJ
related0.00896409157262106JJ
pattern0NN
extreme0.0714379839896614JJ
event0NN

Effective governance The key principles for enhancing effective governance include participation accountability transparency equality and fairness efficiency and effectiveness and rule of law FAO

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.752511761694528
WordScorePoS
effective0.0482582488828229JJ
governance0.107490825192354NN
key0NN
principle0NN
enhance0VB
include0VB
participation0.0548954478802642NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
equality0NN
efficiency0NN
rule0.162386273072618NN
law0.164686343640793NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.362771068409645
WordScorePoS
effective0.02046578088155JJ
governance0NN
key0NN
principle0NN
enhance0.0140083044329373VB
include0VB
participation0.0465610847355851NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
equality0.18624433894234NN
efficiency0NN
rule0NN
law0.0465610847355851NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.234735080965739
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
governance0NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
principle0NN
enhance0.0188084899376888VB
include0VB
participation0NN
accountability0NN
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Following these key principles helps ensure social justice equity and long term perspective on the protection of natural resources

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.34365619188452
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.330060145366684
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.539428683344986
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.454588801256299
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When sustainability processes are dominated by abstract environmental concerns without adequate attention to social and economic dimensions they are unlikely to be implemented

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.656689707952086
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.406164685153114
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.393405439086536
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transition to sustainable agriculture requires enabling Strengthening adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers through land and water management The pilot project Strengthening capacity for climate change adaptation in land and water management carried out from to by FAO and funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Sida aimed to identify appropriate technologies that decrease crop and livestock production risk in East Africa

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.529893799757557
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.439791870249493
WordScorePoS
sustainable0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.361365088896342
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.353240371577942
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In sub Saharan Africa no regret options for climate change adaptation i

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.92112102111532
WordScorePoS
saharan0JJ
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options that increase the resilience of communities not only to climate change but to any type of shock have the highest probability of success both in the short and in the long term

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.169372295168717
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increase0.00432344066632653NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.342807024380347
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increase0.0162235147372888NN
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In the Wurba watershed Shoa Robit Woreda Ethiopia measures were implemented to retain the surface runoff in the uplands and improve water holding capacity of the soil

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784686842686023
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337017630841338
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measure0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.22679066300532
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
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These measures increase groundwater recharge and also protect the top soil

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.492710824873076
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.46561431445355
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.376473804189533
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measure0.103895385378356NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.336007626885021
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.310079576641802
WordScorePoS
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The measures consisted of hillside terraces with trenches stone check dams on hillsides cut off drains trenches and micro basins

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.816309773891703
WordScorePoS
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In addition water harvesting methods were undertaken in an attempt to reduce the impact of periods of droughts and to diversify sources of income

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.75965200880304
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.420178369674357
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.205820544083802
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These methods included excavation of ponds on homesteads and farmland lined with geomembrane in which water was stored and used for domestic purposes to water animals and for horticulture

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.912404909390347
WordScorePoS
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306474280473012
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The project also provided cisterns for rooftop water harvesting as no source of water is available locally during the dry season

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.916607169681294
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project0.041835863322702NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369203939063991
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project0.0664302389559493NN
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The interventions have decreased the time and labour required to fetch water while also increasing household incomes through the availability of high value horticultural products

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.674295059450171
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product0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.519545461582056
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30843489157643
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.241790224608358
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Source FAO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
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source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
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source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
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Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges BOX

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.643870575525543
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.439541096586758
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Groundwater governance in Andhra Pradesh India The Netherlands funded Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems APFAMGS Project was implemented by FAO in the southern part of the Republic of India

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.759073208476257
WordScorePoS
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It covered about villages in seven drought prone districts of Andhra Pradesh

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.743865723340715
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.518824923279648
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In the project area the natural groundwater recharge rates are estimated to be about mm year

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.512234508476848
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.490694668377447
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.385112780826781
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.379140660267387
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By the late groundwater abstraction rates had grown to an equivalent of mm year and an increasingly large portion of existing dug wells fell dry or became seasonal

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.578314847923089
WordScorePoS
rate0.0433561464459019NN
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fall0.123094312756122NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.464271486430392
WordScorePoS
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In response rapid growth of bore wells was observed with steadily increasing depths related to the flat rate rural electricity tariff

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.486623855268387
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.347940157799799
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.332479970822906
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The expansion of groundwater use resulted in serious dewatering of the main water bearing horizons of the shallow aquifer system

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.933423224299306
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.229119680423035
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expansion0NN
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In order to reverse the problem the project developed participatory hydrological monitoring programme to provide farmers with the necessary knowledge data and skills to understand the hydrology of groundwater resources

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.687054854146088
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.420150507504367
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.327253519078053
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Due to significant variations in local hydrogeology the calculations are specific for each aquifer and follow the standard methodology developed and used by India Central Ground Water Board

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368389060900539
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Groundwater management committees in each aquifer or hydrological unit estimated the total groundwater resource available and worked out the appropriate cropping systems to match

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.487514548441217
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.382883502832277
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.322650141536832
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316454974735426
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The committees then disseminated the information to the entire farming community and acted as pressure groups encouraging appropriate water saving and harvesting projects promoting low investment organic agriculture and helping formulate rules that would ensure inter annual sustainability of limited groundwater resources

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.482473616463988
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.472271633010509
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.183359874059279
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project0NN
promote0.0220985725470694VB
investment0NN
agriculture0NN
help0NN
rule0.162386273072618NN
ensure0.0220985725470694VB
inter0NN
sustainability0NN
limited0JJ
resource0NN

In the majority of the pilot project area the results have been very positive as witnessed by substantial reduction in groundwater use through crop diversification and irrigation water saving techniques and improving profitability despite less water use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.897063925117307
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0.041835863322702NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
positive0JJ
substantial0JJ
reduction0NN
crop0NN
diversification0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
water0.556409482163189NN
save0IN
improve0.0511916925627245VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.333832991706094
WordScorePoS
majority0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
result0NN
positive0JJ
substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
crop0NN
diversification0NN
irrigation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
save0IN
improve0VB

Source Govardhan Das and Burke

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

policy legal and institutional environments that strike the right balance between private and public sector initiatives and ensures accountability equity transparency and appropriate legislation Box

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.569578622606879
WordScorePoS
policy0.0641521854453136NN
legal0JJ
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
environment0NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
public0.0390556786919513NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
initiative0.036961556179878NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
accountability0.048933054487825NN
transparency0NN
legislation0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.449336638692459
WordScorePoS
policy0.0341506708422088NN
legal0JJ
institutional0JJ
environment0NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
public0.0727679293221751NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
initiative0NN
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
legislation0.0558185411034276NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.339674106653604
WordScorePoS
policy0.0201317944152378NN
legal0.0811931365363091JJ
institutional0JJ
environment0NN
private0JJ
public0.0285977592242194NN
sector0NN
initiative0NN
ensure0.0220985725470694VB
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
legislation0.0658099748168827NN

Agriculture and food security are intimately linked to water and therefore policies in these domains must be consistent

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.644460893740963
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
policy0NN
consistent0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.558206215638149
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
water0NN
policy0NN
consistent0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443681675030284
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
consistent0JJ

In times of crises and with volatile markets ensuring country food security or that country population is fed becomes primary concern for national decisionmakers

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.773538715100293
WordScorePoS
time0.0182713919265625NN
market0.0913569596328122NN
ensure0.0159922815774215VB
country0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
primary0.0155217067874935JJ
national0.00399807039435538JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346875664649565
WordScorePoS
time0.0169905820958638NN
market0.0169905820958638NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
country0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
primary0JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ

Water authorities should cease to regard water as sector compartment and engage more proactively with other economic sectors to make their strategies for coping with water scarcity coherent with key decisions being taken elsewhere WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.903118342922933
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
regard0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
engage0VB
economic0JJ
strategy0NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
key0NN
decision0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327488095559196
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
regard0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
engage0.0819583881728876VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
strategy0NN
scarcity0NN
key0NN
decision0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0948230086957422
WordScorePoS
water0NN
regard0NN
sector0.0252035516550537NN
engage0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
strategy0.0295821503613099NN
scarcity0NN
key0NN
decision0NN

Such intersectoral dialogue is WWDR essential for operationalizing the concept of integrated water resources management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.819157557531636
WordScorePoS
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
operationalize0VB
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350651142134153
WordScorePoS
essential0JJ
operationalize0VB
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Policies legislation and fiscal measures have profound effects on what happens at district and local levels most importantly in setting boundaries for stakeholder involvement in decision making and in clearly articulating their roles and responsibilities Moriarty et al

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.484628788089551
WordScorePoS
policy0.0641521854453136NN
legislation0NN
fiscal0JJ
measure0NN
profound0JJ
effect0NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
level0.0138997399903163NN
set0.0978661089756501NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN
responsibility0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.405773638002895
WordScorePoS
policy0.0341506708422088NN
legislation0.0558185411034276NN
fiscal0JJ
measure0NN
profound0JJ
effect0NN
local0JJ
level0.0172651853471334NN
set0NN
stakeholder0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
responsibility0.0911713013253052NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.370430184283629
WordScorePoS
policy0.0848203862485078NN
legislation0.0396106020715138NN
fiscal0.064698038783335JJ
measure0NN
profound0JJ
effect0NN
local0JJ
level0NN
set0NN
stakeholder0NN
decision0.02794560829783NN
responsibility0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.362247476536643
WordScorePoS
policy0.0450489732120807NN
legislation0NN
fiscal0JJ
measure0.103895385378356NN
profound0JJ
effect0NN
local0JJ
level0.0113874611101829NN
set0NN
stakeholder0NN
decision0.0519476926891779NN
responsibility0NN

It is crucially important that there is good alignment among the many policies items of legislation and fiscal measures that influence water management service delivery and level of demand

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729640046837723
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
legislation0NN
fiscal0JJ
measure0NN
influence0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
demand0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.365077918453304
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
legislation0NN
fiscal0JJ
measure0NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
demand0NN

Decisions outside the water domain such as those concerning energy prices trade agreements agricultural subsidies and poverty reduction strategies often have major impact on water supply and demand and hence on water scarcity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.817043496966099
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
price0NN
trade0NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0JJ
subsidy0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
strategy0NN
major0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
demand0NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381441931907177
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
price0NN
trade0NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0JJ
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
strategy0NN
major0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
demand0NN
scarcity0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.232878917383988
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
price0NN
trade0NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0JJ
subsidy0NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
strategy0NN
major0.0325677023224526JJ
impact0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
demand0NN
scarcity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.17448995620411
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
water0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
price0.0583416713841148NN
trade0.0214456704626236NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
subsidy0.0357189919948307NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
reduction0NN
strategy0NN
major0JJ
impact0NN
supply0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
scarcity0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.14698973635308
WordScorePoS
decision0.0519476926891779NN
water0NN
energy0NN
price0NN
trade0NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0JJ
subsidy0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN
strategy0.0442083771593746NN
major0JJ
impact0NN
supply0NN
demand0NN
scarcity0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.138261160178805
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
energy0NN
price0NN
trade0.0391100714971453NN
agreement0NN
agricultural0JJ
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
poverty0NN
reduction0NN
strategy0NN
major0JJ
impact0.042459973210532NN
supply0NN
demand0NN
scarcity0NN

Food and agriculture Energy WWAP | Richard Connor

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.671276271704418
WordScorePoS
food0.0383371018038178NN
agriculture0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.572351458364353
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.439029446621924
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
energy0.133960988253756NN

Thirsty energy necessity for meeting basic human needs like cooking and heating access to secure source of energy is core component of sustainable development

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.914527281880793
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
basic0JJ
human0JJ
cooking0.122412709674631NN
heating0.122412709674631NN
access0.0157161992303584NN
secure0JJ
source0.0274787313211514NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.236773517877333
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
human0.0101607690729067JJ
cooking0NN
heating0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
secure0JJ
source0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Energy is tightly interlinked with water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.685457727824462
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.592986489393388
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.384669421120519
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Nearly all forms of energy require some amount of water as part of their production process

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.566325595324854
WordScorePoS
form0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
require0VB
amount0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
process0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.508853074396649
WordScorePoS
form0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
require0VB
amount0NN
water0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
process0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.464650938396686
WordScorePoS
form0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
amount0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
process0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.203314838775025
WordScorePoS
form0.158049144643351NN
energy0NN
require0VB
amount0.0548954478802642NN
water0NN
production0NN
process0NN

Thermal power generation and hydropower which respectively account for and of global electricity production generally require large quantities of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.737099524087017
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
require0VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.535409426682104
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
hydropower0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
electricity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
water0.186896403054502NN

Conversely energy is required for the collection treatment and delivery of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.675037669747386
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
require0VB
collection0NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.550379036202304
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
require0VB
collection0NN
treatment0NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.409180791609916
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
collection0NN
treatment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

It has been estimated that electricity accounts for to of the total operating cost of water and wastewater utilities World Bank but in some countries such as India and Bangladesh it can be as high as van den Berg and Danilenko

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.859067267127095
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
operate0VB
cost0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.403053333544562
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
electricity0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
operate0.0542519672965169VB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
wastewater0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN
country0NN

Water and energy also provide complementary services at the household level where energy is needed for pumping water from wells for domestic or agricultural use and to produce hot water for cooking cleaning and hygiene

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.744850613966818
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
household0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
domestic0JJ
agricultural0JJ
produce0VB
cooking0NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.465387827289351
WordScorePoS
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
provide0VB
service0.0451471467893167NN
household0NN
level0NN
domestic0JJ
agricultural0JJ
produce0VB
cooking0.122412709674631NN
hygiene0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381812364784953
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
domestic0JJ
agricultural0JJ
produce0.0332151194779746VB
cooking0NN
hygiene0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.154134519679787
WordScorePoS
water0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
service0.0143446978608332NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
domestic0JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
produce0.0357189919948307VB
cooking0NN
hygiene0NN

Access to water and energy services Access to water and energy services is necessary to meet sustainable development goals

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.638634158345943
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
meet0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
goal0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.608806335806116
WordScorePoS
access0.0157161992303584NN
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
meet0VB
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
goal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.379069382912462
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
meet0VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN

The same people who lack access to improved water and sanitation are also likely to lack access to electricity and to rely on solid fuel for cooking WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832185885132482
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
rely0VB
fuel0NN
cooking0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.212184102707683
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
electricity0NN
rely0.0332151194779746VB
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
cooking0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.374662796842835
WordScorePoS
people0.0108156764915259NNS
lack0.0383371018038178NN
access0.0157161992303584NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
sanitation0NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
rely0.0749457204978913VB
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
cooking0.122412709674631NN

Some million people lack access to an improved source of drinking water WHO and UNICEF although the number of people whose right to water is not satisfied could be as high as billion Onda et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.931975401250641
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.247121353946521
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
source0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

billion people remain without access to improved sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.89590690156875
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
remain0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

billion people lack access to electricity and roughly

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.511179593402663
WordScorePoS
people0.0108156764915259NNS
lack0.0383371018038178NN
access0.0157161992303584NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.476760556830902
WordScorePoS
people0.0186171553883251NNS
lack0.0565629593551219NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.47218539655437
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
lack0.0753297582301286NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
electricity0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.352163731597864
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN

billion use solid fuels mainly biomass for cooking IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.949878724478982
WordScorePoS
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
cooking0.122412709674631NN

Another estimated million people rely on coal for cooking and heating purposes which like wood charcoal peat or other biomass causes air pollution and has potentially serious health implications when used in traditional stoves

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.359341646965374
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN
people0.00539943740774902NNS
rely0VB
coal0NN
cooking0NN
heating0NN
wood0NN
charcoal0NN
air0.020806307400253NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
potentially0RB
health0.191387734041787NN
traditional0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.849753859419898
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
people0.0108156764915259NNS
rely0.0749457204978913VB
coal0.122412709674631NN
cooking0.122412709674631NN
heating0.122412709674631NN
wood0.122412709674631NN
charcoal0.122412709674631NN
air0NN
pollution0NN
potentially0RB
health0NN
traditional0JJ

The close association between waterborne diseases like diarrhoea One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of healthy life

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.888318874993658
WordScorePoS
disease0.215415047323213NN
lose0VB
healthy0.0615471563780609JJ
life0.0250390290383647NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.303645255569635
WordScorePoS
disease0.103230094596636NN
lose0VB
healthy0JJ
life0NN

The sum of these DALYs across the population or the burden of disease can be thought of as measurement of the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age free of disease and disability

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.766100222477731
WordScorePoS
population0NN
burden0NN
disease0.215415047323213NN
measurement0NN
gap0NN
current0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
status0NN
situation0NN
life0.0250390290383647NN
advance0NN
age0.0893142758861673NN
free0JJ
disability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.312232116762582
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
burden0NN
disease0NN
measurement0NN
gap0NN
current0JJ
health0.0405241466500776NN
status0.0488696285210061NN
situation0NN
life0NN
advance0NN
age0.0202620733250388NN
free0JJ
disability0.0558912165956601NN

Chapter caused by lack of safe drinking water and sanitation and respiratory diseases caused by indoor air pollution is point of evidence that it is the same people that are underserved by water services and electricity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.90939374171114
WordScorePoS
cause0NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
disease0.103230094596636NN
air0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
evidence0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
service0.0084006124696649NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.220029480780495
WordScorePoS
cause0NN
lack0NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
disease0NN
air0.0554128417527413NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
evidence0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
service0.00666957305782837NN
electricity0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.179039086271787
WordScorePoS
cause0NN
lack0NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
drinking0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
disease0.215415047323213NN
air0.020806307400253NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
evidence0NN
people0.00539943740774902NNS
service0.0100171139310145NN
electricity0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.076252127598405
WordScorePoS
cause0NN
lack0NN
safe0.0202620733250388JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
disease0NN
air0NN
pollution0NN
evidence0.12939607756667NN
people0.00571634317201755NNS
service0.00795378154685591NN
electricity0NN

These two combined courses are also one of the most important causes of premature death and loss of disability adjusted life years DALYs

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.760792752154106
WordScorePoS
premature0.0407408489778079JJ
death0.193573191943949NN
loss0NN
disability0NN
life0.0250390290383647NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.403648747349094
WordScorePoS
premature0JJ
death0.0315914058171786NN
loss0.0315914058171786NN
disability0.0631828116343571NN
life0.0112376090361851NN

Meeting any sustainable development goal related to health and by association to poverty education and overall equity is therefore contingent on providing access to safe water and energy services to all including women and children who represent disproportional share of the underserved

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.486488878872983
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
goal0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
health0NN
poverty0NN
education0NN
provide0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
include0VB
woman0.0127979231406811NN
child0.0255958462813622NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB
share0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.379711090915123
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
goal0NN
related0JJ
health0NN
poverty0NN
education0NN
provide0VB
access0.0157161992303584NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
include0VB
woman0NN
child0NN
represent0VB
share0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.315291035208241
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
goal0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
health0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
education0.0225244866060403NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
energy0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
include0VB
woman0.0450489732120807NN
child0.0450489732120807NN
represent0VB
share0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.289547724657746
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN
goal0NN
related0JJ
health0NN
poverty0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
provide0.0100202166857628VB
access0.00697628678506322NN
safe0.0255262687343935JJ
water0NN
energy0NN
service0NN
include0VB
woman0.0610612445035112NN
child0.076326555629389NN
represent0VB
share0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.288860228718785
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
goal0NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
poverty0.00914534810831654NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
provide0.0100171139310145VB
access0.00610236075888593NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
energy0NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
include0VB
woman0.0381514605760894NN
child0.10682408961305NN
represent0VB
share0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284689781912877
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
include0VB
woman0NN
child0NN
represent0VB
share0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.272558122827112
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
goal0NN
related0JJ
health0.0571058915334038NN
poverty0NN
education0.0512260062633133NN
provide0.0112083245137075VB
access0.00780347258345989NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
energy0NN
service0.022416649027415NN
include0VB
woman0.221979360474357NN
child0.0170753354211044NN
represent0VB
share0.0285529457667019NN

Global energy demand At the global level energy demand is projected to increase by one third by with demand for electricity expected to grow by over the same period IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.831529520429723
WordScorePoS
global0.0251662980592747JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
demand0NN
level0NN
project0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
expect0VB
grow0VB
period0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373167473601512
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
demand0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
electricity0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
period0.0409791940864438NN

In terms of primary energy the transition away from fossil fuels is likely to take considerable time to achieve

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.871024265968224
WordScorePoS
term0.0749457204978913NN
primary0JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
time0NN
achieve0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284312383176352
WordScorePoS
term0NN
primary0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
time0.0169905820958638NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.195498273056575
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
primary0JJ
energy0.0109843026967392NN
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
time0NN
achieve0.00463324666343875VB

Demand is expected to grow for all forms of energy oil by coal by mainly before natural gas by nuclear by and renewables by

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.861927692866069
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0VB
grow0VB
form0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
coal0.122412709674631NN
natural0JJ
gas0.0749457204978913NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312889736019415
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0.0332151194779746VB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
form0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
coal0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
gas0.0332151194779746NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.160153917699091
WordScorePoS
demand0NN
expect0VB
grow0VB
form0.158049144643351NN
energy0NN
coal0NN
natural0JJ
gas0NN
renewable0JJ

Global power generation will continue to be dominated by thermal electricity production from coal natural gas and nuclear − with coal remaining the largest source

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.648363359260324
WordScorePoS
global0.0251662980592747JJ
power0NN
generation0NN
continue0VB
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
coal0.122412709674631NN
natural0JJ
gas0.0749457204978913NN
remain0VB
largest0JJS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.448429298124114
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
continue0.0199423462679015VB
electricity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
coal0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
gas0.0332151194779746NN
remain0VB
largest0JJS
source0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.323854081210573
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
continue0VB
electricity0.030745604615229NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
coal0NN
natural0JJ
gas0NN
remain0VB
largest0.0368585655748969JJS
source0.0135141354781442NN

The share of renewables including hydropower the largest source is expected to double accounting for of all electricity production by IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.667728271070558
WordScorePoS
share0.0383371018038178NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
include0VB
hydropower0NN
largest0JJS
source0.0274787313211514NN
expect0VB
double0RB
accounting0.0924643738905717NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.385853038934794
WordScorePoS
share0.0365427838531249NN
renewable0JJ
include0VB
hydropower0NN
largest0.0714379839896614JJS
source0.0130963126055467NN
expect0.0357189919948307VB
double0RB
accounting0NN
electricity0.0297950283197006NN
production0.0548141757796873NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.375876600021449
WordScorePoS
share0.0377086395700813NN
renewable0.0520080474473126JJ
include0VB
hydropower0NN
largest0.0368585655748969JJS
source0.0135141354781442NN
expect0VB
double0RB
accounting0.0454743001434393NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN
production0.0188543197850406NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.344450581374376
WordScorePoS
share0NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
include0VB
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
largest0JJS
source0.0613562156822703NN
expect0VB
double0RB
accounting0NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Because of thermal power is water intensive the estimated increase in electricity production by would translate into increase in freshwater withdrawals

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.827567092946366
WordScorePoS
power0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
intensive0JJ
estimate0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385250746713791
WordScorePoS
power0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
intensive0JJ
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
electricity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
freshwater0NN
withdrawal0NN

Water consumption would increase by driven by shift towards higher efficiency power plants with more advanced cooling systems that reduce withdrawals but increase consumption and increased production of biofuel IEA

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.712903886541447
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
drive0NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
power0NN
plant0NN
advance0.0277064208763707NN
system0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
withdrawal0NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.479886898304684
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
consumption0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
drive0NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
power0NN
plant0NN
advance0NN
system0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.263517346274341
WordScorePoS
water0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
drive0NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
power0NN
plant0NN
advance0NN
system0NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
withdrawal0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.202503528604543
WordScorePoS
water0NN
consumption0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
drive0NN
efficiency0NN
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
advance0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
withdrawal0NN
production0.0548141757796873NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.191784096892221
WordScorePoS
water0NN
consumption0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
drive0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
power0NN
plant0NN
advance0.0625160381065121NN
system0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
withdrawal0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

With the exception of evaporative losses hydropower is generally non consumptive but can require the storage of large amounts of water in reservoirs which may or may not be available for other uses at certain times

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.84702882689618
WordScorePoS
loss0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
require0VB
amount0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
time0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.403516387038736
WordScorePoS
loss0.0468670845659596NN
hydropower0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
amount0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
time0.0169905820958638NN

The quantity of water required for thermal power is dependent on the type Addressing critical developmental challenges of cooling system

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79773985448383
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
power0NN
type0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.335153257764371
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
power0NN
type0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
system0NN

Open loop cooling requires more water withdrawals but is less consumptive whereas closed loop systems require less water to operate but nearly all of this water is consumed

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.896841907483284
WordScorePoS
require0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
system0NN
operate0VB
consume0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386934076668705
WordScorePoS
require0.0468670845659596VB
water0.186896403054502NN
withdrawal0NN
system0NN
operate0.0542519672965169VB
consume0.0409791940864438VB

independent produces minimal to near zero GHG emissions consumes minimal to near zero water depending on the In terms of water impacts wind and solar PV are the most sustainable forms of power generation In terms of water impacts wind and solar PV are clearly the most sustainable forms of power generation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.758773505981098
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
emission0NN
consume0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
depend0VB
term0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
form0NN
power0NN
generation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.470725458981573
WordScorePoS
produce0.0332151194779746VB
emission0.0554128417527413NN
consume0.0409791940864438VB
water0.186896403054502NN
depend0VB
term0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
form0NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.176111118535581
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
emission0NN
consume0VB
water0NN
depend0VB
term0.149793392961411NN
impact0NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
form0NN
power0.036961556179878NN
generation0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.173956779804989
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
emission0NN
consume0VB
water0NN
depend0VB
term0NN
impact0.0285977592242194NN
sustainable0.00920028227269801JJ
form0.158049144643351NN
power0NN
generation0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.125906785329597
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
emission0.19598742448524NN
consume0VB
water0NN
depend0VB
term0NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
sustainable0JJ
form0NN
power0NN
generation0NN

However in most cases the intermittent service provided by wind and solar PV needs to be compensated for by other sources of power that do require large quantities of water to maintain load balances

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.850899076672893
WordScorePoS
service0.0084006124696649NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
power0NN
require0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
maintain0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326725130308968
WordScorePoS
service0.00666957305782837NN
source0NN
power0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
water0.186896403054502NN
maintain0VB

Although increasing in proportion to conventional energy renewables remain underdeveloped and under subsidized in comparison to fossil fuels WWAP

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.925310674694988
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
proportion0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
remain0VB
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266661460110183
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
proportion0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
remain0VB
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN

Wind and solar PV account for only of the global power mix

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.716505204608505
WordScorePoS
account0NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
power0NN
mix0.122412709674631NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.388606157993748
WordScorePoS
account0.0577345906651901NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
power0NN
mix0NN

Although they are expected to grow rapidly over the next few decades they are not likely to represent much more than of global electricity generation by IEA

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.578095416529636
WordScorePoS
expect0.0335649154577099VB
grow0.0171695137813101VB
rapidly0RB
decade0.124232265906675NN
represent0VB
global0.0375696197697663JJ
electricity0NN
generation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.466372637749281
WordScorePoS
expect0.0332151194779746VB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
rapidly0RB
decade0NN
represent0VB
global0.022306853314744JJ
electricity0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.382289765181829
WordScorePoS
expect0VB
grow0.0188543197850406VB
rapidly0RB
decade0NN
represent0VB
global0JJ
electricity0.030745604615229NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN

Geothermal energy for direct thermal uses district heating and others and for power generation is underdeveloped and its potential is greatly underappreciated

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.870326869547509
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
direct0JJ
heating0.122412709674631NN
power0NN
generation0NN
potential0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.304556461598366
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
direct0JJ
heating0NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
potential0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.332815137306327
WordScorePoS
energy0.0540565419125769NN
direct0JJ
heating0NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN

It is climate system configuration and its availability is infinite at human time scales WWAP Williams and Simmons

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.727269069968533
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
system0NN
availability0NN
human0.0205355488872215JJ
time0NN
scale0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.386737928248747
WordScorePoS
climate0.0365427838531249NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
availability0NN
human0JJ
time0.0182713919265625NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN

Challenges Meeting ever growing demands Meeting ever growing demands for energy will generate increasing stress on freshwater resources with repercussions on other users such as agriculture and industry

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.594094865031746
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
grow0VB
demand0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
generate0VB
increase0.0162235147372888NN
stress0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0NN
user0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.407576472649738
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
grow0.0182713919265625VB
demand0.0297950283197006NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
increase0.0128868286091919NN
stress0NN
freshwater0.0357189919948307NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
user0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.389530147050985
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
grow0.0188543197850406VB
demand0.030745604615229NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
generate0VB
increase0.0159575617614215NN
stress0NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
user0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353208572095959
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
generate0VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
stress0.0542519672965169NN
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
user0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
industry0NN

Since these sectors also require energy there is room to create synergies as they develop together

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.788583395739483
WordScorePoS
sector0NN
require0VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
create0VB
develop0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352749200306786
WordScorePoS
sector0.0169905820958638NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
energy0.133960988253756NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
develop0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.317284939763391
WordScorePoS
sector0.0252035516550537NN
require0.104282800328615VB
energy0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
develop0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.300741132394887
WordScorePoS
sector0.0565629593551219NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
energy0.0540565419125769NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
develop0VB

Agriculture accounts for of water withdrawals worldwide and the food production and supply chain Geothermal plant in Wairakai New Zealand Photo Geothermal Resources Council WWDR Energy accounts for about of total global energy consumption WWAP

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.64908145732273
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
water0.186896403054502NN
withdrawal0NN
worldwide0RB
food0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
plant0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
consumption0.332151194779746NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.518206403844813
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
account0NN
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
worldwide0RB
food0.0383371018038178NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
chain0NN
plant0NN
resource0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
total0.0528748274225028NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
consumption0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.365002393234554
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
worldwide0RB
food0.0214003646985842NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
chain0NN
plant0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
consumption0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.315030784396953
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
account0NN
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
worldwide0RB
food0.292342270824999NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
total0.0252000451111224NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
consumption0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.100731328270986
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
account0NN
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
worldwide0RB
food0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
plant0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
energy0NN
total0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
consumption0.147812295323721NN

The industrial sector accounts for about of primary global energy use and proportionately uses significantly less water UNIDO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.57379849749384
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
primary0JJ
global0.00936547854413134JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN
significantly0RB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.480511951082999
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
sector0NN
account0NN
primary0JJ
global0.0251662980592747JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
significantly0RB
water0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.461004836090931
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
primary0.0160169090870187JJ
global0JJ
energy0.0540565419125769NN
significantly0RB
water0.0377086395700813NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386316368307156
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
primary0JJ
global0.022306853314744JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
significantly0RB
water0.186896403054502NN

Increasing both water and energy efficiency in these sectors alone would generate substantial savings and have positive repercussions especially in areas where resources are most scarce

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.573680034036754
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
generate0VB
substantial0JJ
positive0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
scarce0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.558875558592683
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
sector0NN
generate0VB
substantial0JJ
positive0JJ
resource0NN
scarce0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.399979089845636
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
generate0VB
substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
positive0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
scarce0JJ

However the greatest challenge lies in decreasing the water intensity of fuel and power generation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.746108136255848
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
lie0NN
decrease0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
intensity0NN
fuel0NN
power0NN
generation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.405055674499179
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
lie0NN
decrease0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
intensity0NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.335546167774863
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
lie0NN
decrease0NN
water0NN
intensity0.122412709674631NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
power0NN
generation0NN

Power generation is dominated by thermal electricity which accounts for over of global electricity production

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.60746692699094
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
electricity0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.503354671017849
WordScorePoS
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
global0JJ
production0.0188543197850406NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.407672635800906
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generation0NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
account0NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
production0.0383371018038178NN

Maximizing the water use efficiency of power plants will be key determinant in achieving sustainable water future

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.866037462699655
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
power0NN
plant0NN
key0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
future0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346031388143294
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
power0NN
plant0NN
key0NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
future0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.15214048652383
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
power0NN
plant0NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
achieve0VB
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
future0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.151118452209208
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0NN
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
future0.0297950283197006NN

This will require limiting the construction and use of the least efficient coal fired power plants and widely adopting drycooling or highly efficient closed loop cooling technologies

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.374017617667941
WordScorePoS
require0VB
limit0.0357189919948307NN
efficient0JJ
coal0NN
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
widely0RB
adopt0.0182713919265625VB
highly0RB
technology0.0130963126055467NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.527109931383136
WordScorePoS
require0.0468670845659596VB
limit0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
coal0NN
power0NN
plant0NN
widely0RB
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
highly0RB
technology0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.43601719716901
WordScorePoS
require0VB
limit0NN
efficient0JJ
coal0.122412709674631NN
power0NN
plant0NN
widely0RB
adopt0VB
highly0RB
technology0.109914925284606NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.355494169856522
WordScorePoS
require0.0260040237236563VB
limit0.0368585655748969NN
efficient0JJ
coal0NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
plant0NN
widely0RB
adopt0VB
highly0RB
technology0.0810848128688654NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.343940594657922
WordScorePoS
require0.0211360962287062VB
limit0NN
efficient0JJ
coal0NN
power0.036961556179878NN
plant0NN
widely0RB
adopt0.0153248097886055VB
highly0RB
technology0.109843026967392NN

Although increasing in proportion to conventional energy renewables remain underdeveloped and undersubsidized in comparison to fossil fuels Although using alternative water sources such as sea or wastewater can be challenging they offer great potential for reducing demands for freshwater WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.644020975432385
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
remain0VB
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
alternative0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
sea0.041835863322702NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
challenge0NN
offer0NN
potential0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
demand0NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.588750414463043
WordScorePoS
increase0.0162235147372888NN
proportion0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
remain0VB
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
alternative0NN
water0NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
sea0NN
wastewater0NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
offer0NN
potential0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28646900947909
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
proportion0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
remain0VB
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
alternative0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
sea0NN
wastewater0NN
challenge0NN
offer0NN
potential0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.164159304465144
WordScorePoS
increase0.0145316075945746NN
proportion0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
renewable0.0236803262479443JJ
remain0VB
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
alternative0NN
water0NN
source0.0123065238088614NN
sea0.16782457728855NN
wastewater0NN
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
offer0NN
potential0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
demand0NN
freshwater0NN

Climate change increases the risks and adds to the pressures

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.870767855699215
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
risk0NN
add0VB
pressure0NN

Over the past decade the increased intensity of droughts heatwaves and local water scarcities has interrupted electricity generation with serious economic consequences

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.850553959168829
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
intensity0NN
drought0.041835863322702NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
generation0NN
economic0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306236545914927
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
intensity0NN
drought0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
electricity0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.143003928405111
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
intensity0NN
drought0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
water0NN
scarcity0NN
electricity0NN
generation0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ

At the same time limitations on energy availability have constrained the delivery of water services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.648586882317278
WordScorePoS
time0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.603438016330247
WordScorePoS
time0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
availability0NN
water0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385158819797489
WordScorePoS
time0.0169905820958638NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

There is much room for development of hydropower installations particularly in sub Saharan Africa and SouthEast Asia where access to modern energy services is lowest and undeveloped technical potential is greatest

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.908142074237361
WordScorePoS
development0NN
hydropower0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
asia0IN
access0.0157161992303584NN
modern0.462321869452858JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
undeveloped0JJ
technical0JJ
potential0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.147453771598516
WordScorePoS
development0.022306853314744NN
hydropower0NN
saharan0JJ
africa0IN
asia0IN
access0.00232174891244877NN
modern0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
undeveloped0JJ
technical0JJ
potential0NN

Beyond electricity generation hydropower reservoirs may also provide storage for dry spells and support flood management irrigation navigation and recreation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.601901964059352
WordScorePoS
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
generation0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
provide0VB
support0.0209983814716066NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.467508844726613
WordScorePoS
electricity0.030745604615229NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
hydropower0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
support0.0277502419802315NN
flood0NN
management0NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.333402859220965
WordScorePoS
electricity0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
hydropower0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
support0.00833571598658786NN
flood0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
irrigation0NN

Problems can arise when releases of water are required for different purposes at different times throughout the year

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.86414170800151
WordScorePoS
arise0VB
release0.0516150472983178NN
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
time0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414619589585719
WordScorePoS
arise0VB
release0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
time0.0169905820958638NN

Largescale hydroelectric plants around the world have been criticized for number of reasons including damage to the environment and biodiversity loss of cultural and historical sites and social disruption Glassman et al

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.750098626825453
WordScorePoS
plant0.117231723668544NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
include0VB
environment0NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
loss0.0670377886812128NN
cultural0JJ
historical0.0517339898971162JJ
social0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.388389474991299
WordScorePoS
plant0.132205049555723NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
include0VB
environment0.0214456704626236NN
biodiversity0.0714379839896614NN
loss0NN
cultural0JJ
historical0JJ
social0JJ

Chapter Although increasingly competitive wind and solar PV remain expensive and therefore require policy support to foster their deployment in most countries

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.605600181791532
WordScorePoS
remain0.049270765107907VB
expensive0JJ
require0.104282800328615VB
policy0.0452169560888236NN
support0.024730129581725NN
foster0JJ
country0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.45348262506374
WordScorePoS
remain0VB
expensive0JJ
require0.0211360962287062VB
policy0.0641521854453136NN
support0.0451108483130998NN
foster0.036961556179878JJ
country0NN

Hydropower and geothermal energy have long been economically competitive

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.942308887435396
WordScorePoS
hydropower0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
economically0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.255212796976662
WordScorePoS
hydropower0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
economically0RB

In addition to displacing water intensive thermal power renewables offer additional benefits including enhancing energy security and diversity reducing GHG emissions and local air pollution contributing to green growth and mini grid or off grid solutions which are often less costly than grid extension to rural areas IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.49018329368779
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
water0NN
intensive0JJ
power0NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
offer0NN
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
include0VB
enhance0.0188084899376888VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
diversity0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
emission0.0625160381065121NN
local0JJ
air0NN
pollution0NN
contribute0VB
green0JJ
growth0NN
solution0NN
extension0NN
rural0JJ

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.43983463514896
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
intensive0JJ
power0NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
offer0NN
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
include0VB
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energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
diversity0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
emission0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
air0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
contribute0VB
green0JJ
growth0NN
solution0NN
extension0NN
rural0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.418764183030048
WordScorePoS
addition0.0357189919948307NN
water0NN
intensive0JJ
power0NN
renewable0JJ
offer0.0440683498519077NN
additional0.0440683498519077JJ
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
include0VB
enhance0.0268922747178632VB
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
diversity0.0881366997038154NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
emission0NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
air0NN
pollution0NN
contribute0.0297950283197006VB
green0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
solution0.0357189919948307NN
extension0.0583416713841148NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.36752512139638
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
intensive0JJ
power0NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
offer0NN
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
include0VB
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energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
diversity0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
emission0.0554128417527413NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
air0.0554128417527413NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
green0.0332151194779746JJ
growth0NN
solution0NN
extension0NN
rural0JJ

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.213614200656202
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
water0NN
intensive0JJ
power0NN
renewable0.0236803262479443JJ
offer0NN
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
include0VB
enhance0VB
energy0.0123065238088614NN
security0NN
diversity0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
emission0.19598742448524NN
local0.0145856516935579JJ
air0NN
pollution0NN
contribute0VB
green0.0335649154577099JJ
growth0NN
solution0.0671298309154199NN
extension0NN
rural0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.199812555254632
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
water0NN
intensive0.0804764811724088JJ
power0NN
renewable0JJ
offer0NN
additional0JJ
benefit0NN
include0VB
enhance0.0123650647908625VB
energy0NN
security0NN
diversity0NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
emission0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
air0NN
pollution0NN
contribute0VB
green0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
solution0NN
extension0NN
rural0JJ

Support for the development of renewable energy which remains far below that for fossil fuels will need to increase dramatically before it makes significant change in the global energy mix and by association in water demand

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.80391833476125
WordScorePoS
support0.0188084899376888NN
development0NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
remains0NNS
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
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increase0.0162235147372888NN
significant0JJ
change0.105749654845006NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
mix0.122412709674631NN
water0NN
demand0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.328872141559385
WordScorePoS
support0.0209983814716066NN
development0NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN
remains0NNS
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
significant0JJ
change0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
mix0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308297916525116
WordScorePoS
support0.00833571598658786NN
development0.022306853314744NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
remains0NNS
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
significant0JJ
change0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
mix0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.269354385654328
WordScorePoS
support0NN
development0NN
renewable0.0236803262479443JJ
energy0.0123065238088614NN
remains0NNS
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
significant0.0343390275626203JJ
change0.402565546215053NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
mix0NN
water0NN
demand0NN

Renewables such as wind solar PV and geothermal energy can make substantial contribution to energy supply and freshwater demand at local or national scales even if they do remain marginal at the global scale

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.871423294091599
WordScorePoS
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
substantial0JJ
contribution0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
freshwater0NN
demand0NN
local0JJ
national0JJ
scale0NN
remain0VB
global0.0251662980592747JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312094084104295
WordScorePoS
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
substantial0.0332151194779746JJ
contribution0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
freshwater0NN
demand0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
scale0NN
remain0VB
global0.022306853314744JJ

Biofuels offer an alternative energy source to fossil fuels

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.914297069429076
WordScorePoS
offer0NN
alternative0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.276017591347041
WordScorePoS
offer0NN
alternative0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
source0NN
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN

Their water related impacts mainly depend on whether they are produced from rainfed or irrigated feedstock crops

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.804058319204352
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
depend0VB
produce0VB
rainfed0JJ
crop0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.403960827783754
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
depend0VB
produce0.0332151194779746VB
rainfed0JJ
crop0NN

The water requirements of biofuels produced from irrigated crops can be much larger than for fossil fuel resources and can therefore have important implications for local water availability whereas rainfed production does not substantially alter the water cycle

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.844815371505682
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
produce0VB
crop0NN
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
availability0NN
rainfed0JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
substantially0RB
cycle0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.467611210788661
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
crop0NN
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
availability0NN
rainfed0JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
substantially0RB
cycle0.108503934593034NN

Bioenergy production involving smallholders can help create jobs improve livelihoods and reduce poverty in rural areas

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.515157025015479
WordScorePoS
production0NN
involve0VB
smallholder0NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
job0.0225244866060403NN
improve0VB
livelihood0.0519476926891779NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
rural0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.473517149152076
WordScorePoS
production0.0548141757796873NN
involve0VB
smallholder0.0583416713841148NN
create0VB
job0.0109267235789154NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.434746483074713
WordScorePoS
production0.0504071033101074NN
involve0VB
smallholder0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
job0.135650868266471NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
livelihood0NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
rural0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348284848031792
WordScorePoS
production0.118934074671047NN
involve0.0819583881728876VB
smallholder0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
job0.0203215381458133NN
improve0VB
livelihood0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
rural0JJ

Optimism over biofuels is tempered by concerns over their economic viability and their implications for socio economic development food security and environmental sustainability WWAP

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.505912324650749
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.504502579179667
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.371464962663714
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
food0NN
security0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.321406478054685
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
food0NN
security0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN

The outlook for biofuels remains uncertain as they are highly sensitive to possible changes in oil and gas prices as well as government subsidies and blending mandates which remain the main stimulus for biofuels use IEA

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.505173500106133
WordScorePoS
remains0NNS
highly0RB
sensitive0JJ
gas0NN
price0NN
government0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
mandate0NN
remain0VB

Withdrawals and consumption are not the only aspects that deserve attention in the context of water and environmental sustainability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.678311723409663
WordScorePoS
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
consumption0NN
aspect0NN
attention0.041835863322702NN
context0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.630765054793372
WordScorePoS
withdrawal0NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
aspect0NN
attention0NN
context0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.180517102107431
WordScorePoS
withdrawal0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
aspect0NN
attention0NN
context0NN
water0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN

Thermal power plants using open loop cooling release large volumes of heated water into natural watercourses affecting fish and other wildlife

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.798741080590778
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
volume0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
affect0.0209983814716066VB
fish0NN
wildlife0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362906732957827
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
volume0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
affect0.0166714319731757VB
fish0NN
wildlife0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.16235212990977
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
release0NN
volume0NN
water0NN
natural0JJ
affect0VB
fish0NN
wildlife0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.344083882412078
WordScorePoS
power0NN
plant0.117231723668544NN
release0NN
volume0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
affect0.0397441667210336VB
fish0.0390772412228479NN
wildlife0.0517339898971162NN

Biofuel production like agriculture can lead to nutrient loading affecting the quality of surface water and groundwater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.74605015585605
WordScorePoS
production0.0214003646985842NN
agriculture0NN
lead0NN
nutrient0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
quality0.0255958462813622NN
surface0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.46301698608812
WordScorePoS
production0.118934074671047NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
nutrient0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
quality0.0203215381458133NN
surface0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.256546909819061
WordScorePoS
production0.0548141757796873NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
lead0NN
nutrient0NN
affect0VB
quality0.0109267235789154NN
surface0NN
water0NN

Coal mining requires large amounts of water and discharges to surface water bodies and aquifers may be contaminated

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.937651640027418
WordScorePoS
coal0NN
require0VB
amount0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
surface0NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
contaminate0.0683326727248364VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284552562487132
WordScorePoS
coal0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
amount0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
discharge0NN
surface0NN
aquifer0NN
contaminate0VB

Oil and gas extraction yields high volumes of water that comes out of well along with the oil and gas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.816257411799512
WordScorePoS
gas0NN
yield0NN
volume0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.371632324351126
WordScorePoS
gas0.0332151194779746NN
yield0NN
volume0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.318459914222784
WordScorePoS
gas0.0671298309154199NN
yield0.0828215106044499NN
volume0NN
water0NN

This produced water which usually has very high salinity and is difficult to treat is often re injected subsurface

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.909511532251204
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359796111572993
WordScorePoS
produce0.0332151194779746VB
water0.186896403054502NN

Uncertainties persist over potential human health and the long term environment impacts from the development Addressing critical developmental challenges With the possible exception of the most water scarce areas availability of and impacts on water for various energy production processes is far too rarely taken into account in energy policy making

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.534652951563777
WordScorePoS
persist0VB
potential0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
health0NN
term0NN
environment0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarce0JJ
availability0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
process0NN
rarely0RB
account0.0181797964452808NN
policy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.502498392943435
WordScorePoS
persist0VB
potential0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
term0NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
development0.022306853314744NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarce0JJ
availability0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
production0.118934074671047NN
process0NN
rarely0RB
account0.0577345906651901NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.501311727492217
WordScorePoS
persist0VB
potential0NN
human0JJ
health0NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
environment0NN
impact0NN
development0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
water0NN
scarce0JJ
availability0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
process0NN
rarely0RB
account0NN
policy0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.159998760167801
WordScorePoS
persist0VB
potential0NN
human0JJ
health0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
environment0NN
impact0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
address0NN
critical0.036961556179878JJ
challenge0NN
water0NN
scarce0JJ
availability0.048933054487825NN
energy0.0109843026967392NN
production0NN
process0NN
rarely0RB
account0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.119891550597579
WordScorePoS
persist0VB
potential0NN
human0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
term0NN
environment0NN
impact0NN
development0.00837573444202498NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
scarce0JJ
availability0NN
energy0NN
production0NN
process0NN
rarely0RB
account0NN
policy0NN

The two domains have historically been regulated and managed separately World Bank

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.64692159571163
WordScorePoS
regulate0.106396624114523VB
manage0.0271683202880942VB
world0.0045533140757086NN
bank0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.610843609104518
WordScorePoS
regulate0VB
manage0.0297950283197006VB
world0.0124838525528648NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN

This has led to the adoption of unsustainable practices that jeopardize the availability of water resources and creates risks to other users and the environment WWAP Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.641541574179164
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
adoption0NN
unsustainable0JJ
practice0NN
availability0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
create0VB
risk0NN
user0NN
environment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.535633285386297
WordScorePoS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
adoption0NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
practice0.0703006268489394NN
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
risk0NN
user0NN
environment0.079769385071606NN

Geothermal cooling towers at Larderello Tuscany Italy Photo Simon of unconventional sources of gas fracking and oil oil tar sands both of which require disproportionally large quantities of water and pose significant risks to water quality

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.879248651287388
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN
gas0NN
require0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
pose0VB
significant0JJ
risk0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347513539167622
WordScorePoS
source0NN
gas0.0332151194779746NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
water0.186896403054502NN
pose0VB
significant0JJ
risk0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN

Responses water perspective on energy In terms of technology the energy sector is evolving rapidly

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.784604122197023
WordScorePoS
response0NN
water0NN
perspective0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
sector0NN
rapidly0RB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.416880451425314
WordScorePoS
response0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
perspective0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
term0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
rapidly0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315292429156686
WordScorePoS
response0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
perspective0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
term0NN
technology0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
rapidly0RB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.21890919928165
WordScorePoS
response0NN
water0NN
perspective0NN
energy0.0109843026967392NN
term0.149793392961411NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
rapidly0RB

Unconventional oil and gas supplies are being unlocked liquefied natural gas is enhancing supply flexibility larger shares of variable renewable supply are being integrated into the power sector and overall energy efficiency is increasing IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.796385839826034
WordScorePoS
gas0.0749457204978913NN
supplies0NNS
unlock0NN
natural0JJ
enhance0.0188084899376888VB
supply0.0528748274225028NN
flexibility0NN
share0.0383371018038178NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
integrate0VB
power0NN
sector0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.357691014925274
WordScorePoS
gas0.0332151194779746NN
supplies0NNS
unlock0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
enhance0VB
supply0.0703006268489394NN
flexibility0NN
share0NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
power0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN

The drivers of this evolution are mainly economic market supply demand political energy security and social providing safe energy to the unserved

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.785285217242285
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
market0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
demand0NN
political0JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
social0JJ
provide0VB
safe0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309609323062063
WordScorePoS
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
market0.0169905820958638NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
demand0NN
political0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
provide0.0200087191734851VB
safe0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.162995237952786
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
market0.0252035516550537NN
supply0NN
demand0NN
political0JJ
energy0NN
security0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
provide0VB
safe0.0252035516550537JJ

The quest to reduce GHG emissions is leading the deployment of renewable energy technologies

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.886118098629162
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
emission0.0625160381065121NN
lead0.0383371018038178NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
technology0.109914925284606NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.256069489661823
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
emission0.0554128417527413NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
technology0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.239438422390531
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
emission0.19598742448524NN
lead0NN
renewable0.0236803262479443JJ
energy0.0123065238088614NN
technology0NN

Wind solar PV and geothermal energy have the added benefit of consuming negligible quantities of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.656033991403849
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
add0VB
benefit0NN
consume0VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.567532143404362
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
add0VB
benefit0NN
consume0VB
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.415177450174795
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
add0VB
benefit0NN
consume0.0409791940864438VB
water0.186896403054502NN

However as renewables become increasingly competitive on their own merits carefully designed subsidy schemes will be required to allow for the multiple benefits of low carbon energy sources without placing excessive burdens on those that cover the additional costs associated with low carbon energy production IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.835299871857392
WordScorePoS
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
subsidy0NN
require0VB
multiple0JJ
benefit0NN
carbon0.0625160381065121NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
excessive0JJ
burden0NN
cover0NN
additional0JJ
cost0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377836241918385
WordScorePoS
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
multiple0JJ
benefit0NN
carbon0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
source0NN
excessive0.0542519672965169JJ
burden0NN
cover0NN
additional0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.18982872379005
WordScorePoS
renewable0JJ
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
require0VB
multiple0JJ
benefit0.0229784274580034NN
carbon0.0271683202880942NN
energy0NN
source0.0238835024181023NN
excessive0JJ
burden0NN
cover0.0401833161726777NN
additional0JJ
cost0NN
production0NN

WWDR Yet there are pragmatic measures that can be taken to coproduce energy and water services and to exploit the benefits of synergies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.636315149764401
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
benefit0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.592020532951327
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
water0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359235844613663
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
benefit0NN

These include combined power and desalination plants combined heat and power plants using alternative water sources for thermal power plant cooling and even energy recovery from sewerage water WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.773180907024547
WordScorePoS
include0VB
power0NN
desalination0.0683326727248364NN
plant0NN
alternative0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
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recovery0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.320925047073066
WordScorePoS
include0VB
power0NN
desalination0NN
plant0NN
alternative0NN
water0NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312109158271776
WordScorePoS
include0VB
power0NN
desalination0NN
plant0NN
alternative0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.259894027146607
WordScorePoS
include0VB
power0NN
desalination0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
alternative0NN
water0NN
source0.0130963126055467NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
recovery0NN

Unfortunately not every situation offers such opportunities for synergies

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.545698466595833
WordScorePoS
situation0.0252000451111224NN
offer0.0440683498519077NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.455033550151213
WordScorePoS
situation0.0631828116343571NN
offer0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.33720463920111
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
offer0.0454743001434393NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.314161770293252
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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There are situations in which competition for resources can arise between water and energy objectives meaning some degree of trade off will be necessary

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.607445404497849
WordScorePoS
situation0.0295155485671997NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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objective0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.565542866902001
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
resource0NN
arise0VB
water0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
objective0.0749457204978913NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359977165279176
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
objective0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.175528743775782
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
resource0NN
arise0VB
water0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
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These trade offs will need to be managed and contained preferably through collaboration and in coordinated manner which in turn requires adequate and compatible data and information

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.525509906249641
WordScorePoS
trade0.0539615408530051NN
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adequate0JJ
datum0.0739231123597559NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.413044936091129
WordScorePoS
trade0.0591643007226199NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.407081790858741
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
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adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
datum0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.351388831424223
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
manage0VB
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require0.0260040237236563VB
adequate0JJ
datum0.0454743001434393NN
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Improved cooperation between regional electrical grids and transboundary basin organizations operating in the same region in conjunction with the respective national governments could potentially help to better coordinate water management and the energy sector via hydropower development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.6559783134511
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
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regional0JJ
electrical0JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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sector0.0214003646985842NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.452408630908194
WordScorePoS
improve0.0229264916384433VB
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regional0JJ
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energy0.494617163780726NN
sector0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340338774494381
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
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regional0JJ
electrical0JJ
transboundary0JJ
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water0.186896403054502NN
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hydropower0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.208500055297856
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
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regional0.0519476926891779JJ
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Such cooperation can also support the sustainable allocation of water to other forms of energy producers and other water use sectors in the region

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.759849460218124
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
form0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
producer0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387427755137646
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
form0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
producer0.0409791940864438NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.346946440107969
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0229264916384433NN
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water0NN
form0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
producer0NN
sector0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.202285440901954
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0225244866060403NN
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sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
water0NN
form0.0884167543187491NN
energy0NN
producer0NN
sector0NN
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.118887577255376
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0201317944152378NN
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sustainable0.00920028227269801JJ
water0NN
form0.158049144643351NN
energy0NN
producer0NN
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Finally from global sustainable development perspective the availability and limitations of water for energy production will be necessary and critical factor in achieving the SDG on energy and in meeting its related targets

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.696357664271081
WordScorePoS
global0.0251662980592747JJ
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development0NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.452718939009932
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
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development0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.431198997297246
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
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Even if electricity production from renewables like wind and solar PV were to double there would still be need to rely on water intensive sources of energy to achieve universal access to affordable sustainable and reliable energy services and to support global economic and industrial growth

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.72746690825445
WordScorePoS
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
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water0NN
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global0.0251662980592747JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.356642364520164
WordScorePoS
electricity0.030745604615229NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.348733116906483
WordScorePoS
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
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renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
double0RB
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water0.556409482163189NN
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affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
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global0.00936547854413134JJ
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growth0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310051312024699
WordScorePoS
electricity0NN
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renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
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water0.186896403054502NN
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global0.022306853314744JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.233084876183881
WordScorePoS
electricity0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
renewable0JJ
double0RB
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water0NN
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Energy Industry UNIDO | UNIDO Water Management Unit and John Payne John G

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.657056856700873
WordScorePoS
energy0.0153390539205676NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.528829204034175
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
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water0NN
management0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.379382287163982
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
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management0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.292591261028597
WordScorePoS
energy0.0540565419125769NN
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Payne and Associates Ltd Since the Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development in several notable pronouncements regarding water and sustainability have been issued including the MDGs and the Rio Outcome Document The Future We Want

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.880008530551323
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.379901539071614
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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But until the Lima Declaration UNIDO none had specifically addressed inclusive and sustainable industrial development

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.856714908024875
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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The Lima Declaration focuses on poverty eradication through sustainable industrial growth supported by the three dimensions of sustainable development economic growth social equity and environmental sustainability

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.59562593655093
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.536185020254184
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.359737787580991
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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economic0.0320338181740375JJ
social0.0188543197850406JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.376991985304827
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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dimension0.0488696285210061NN
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sustainability0NN

The underlying principle is that industrialization is driver of development by increasing productivity jobs and income towards the eradication of poverty and providing opportunities such as gender equality and youth employment UNIDO Clause

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.60706120866813
WordScorePoS
underlie0VB
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industrialization0.481623965373197NN
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employment0.104016094894625NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.419587340558675
WordScorePoS
underlie0.0607878664258118VB
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development0.0055149369084567NN
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provide0VB
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
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youth0.0821985033584295NN
employment0.173804667214358NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.356799838698352
WordScorePoS
underlie0VB
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provide0.0295703421524739VB
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gender0.0519476926891779NN
equality0.0614198493690006NN
youth0NN
employment0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.312167657646347
WordScorePoS
underlie0VB
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job0.0170753354211044NN
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provide0.0112083245137075VB
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
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youth0NN
employment0.0393804437159645NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.290446118246666
WordScorePoS
underlie0.0488696285210061VB
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The Declaration builds on the MDGs and Rio and moves towards the post development agenda

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.630516226665342
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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post0.0811931365363091NN
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agenda0.0811931365363091NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.540733547638404
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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development0.0469463607292177NN
agenda0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.329996193202113
WordScorePoS
declaration0NN
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development0.022306853314744NN
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Promoting the sustainable use of natural resources and reducing environmental impact are included in the measures

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.537224239384869
WordScorePoS
promote0.0148712355431627VB
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impact0.0866018859977851NN
include0VB
measure0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.531798399504282
WordScorePoS
promote0.0082416730319267VB
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natural0.0376648791150643JJ
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reduce0.0164833460638534VB
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
impact0NN
include0VB
measure0.103895385378356NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.310307677733048
WordScorePoS
promote0VB
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These two measures have direct bearing on industrial water use which is very obvious way industry can demonstrate its commitment to the environment through sustainable production and industrial resource efficiency UNIDO Clause

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.708107027819962
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
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environment0.0221298700466866NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
production0.0188543197850406NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.467688721893234
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
direct0JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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resource0.0104991907358033NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353258133653448
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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production0.118934074671047NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.134317654346969
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
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water0NN
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efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Context Industry is widely based sector

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.807865988008268
WordScorePoS
context0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
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base0NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.341912012054827
WordScorePoS
context0.036961556179878NN
industry0NN
widely0RB
base0.017987180284335NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.334883106980131
WordScorePoS
context0NN
industry0.0401833161726777NN
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This chapter concerns manufacturing and extractive industry whereas agriculture and power generation themselves large industrial water users are discussed separately in Chapters and

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.808186367318755
WordScorePoS
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
agriculture0NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
user0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.491369982420759
WordScorePoS
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0NN
power0NN
generation0NN
industrial0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.261895748094683
WordScorePoS
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
industrial0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.1315612243411
WordScorePoS
manufacture0NN
industry0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
power0NN
generation0NN
industrial0JJ
water0NN
user0NN

Key elements of the water services industry are covered in Chapters and on WASH and urbanization

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788842950801837
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
industry0NN
cover0NN
urbanization0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.327386584274294
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
cover0NN
urbanization0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.305953870409414
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
industry0NN
cover0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.270344239988388
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
industry0NN
cover0NN
urbanization0NN

The scope of water related challenges across the industrial spectrum is function of scale

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.77034334971981
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
challenge0NN
industrial0JJ
function0NN
scale0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.508755290012546
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
challenge0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
function0NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.246993631034005
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
challenge0NN
industrial0JJ
function0NN
scale0NN

The OECD Environmental Outlook to OECD predicts that global water demand for manufacturing will increase by from to which is much larger than any other sector

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.648661110878203
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
environmental0JJ
predict0VB
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.557692325092569
WordScorePoS
oecd0.108503934593034NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
predict0VB
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.439434990108029
WordScorePoS
oecd0NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
predict0VB
global0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN

Most of this increase will be in emerging economies and developing countries with implications on water supply allocation and quality

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.845772171633233
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
emerge0VB
economy0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373524780632816
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
emerge0VB
economy0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN

Large corporations often multinational or global have made considerable progress in evaluating and reducing their water use Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.879437292362375
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
progress0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.35399810223741
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
progress0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN

and that of their supply chains

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.834751084073541
WordScorePoS
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.323634513988721
WordScorePoS
supply0.0590310971343993NN
chain0NN

Small and medium sized enterprises SMEs are faced with similar water challenges on smaller scale but have fewer means and less ability to meet them

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.699244027895259
WordScorePoS
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
face0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
challenge0NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0NN
meet0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.286372995989201
WordScorePoS
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
face0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
challenge0NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0.0409791940864438NN
meet0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.462788435042588
WordScorePoS
medium0.0454743001434393NN
size0.0368585655748969NN
enterprise0.0909486002868787NN
face0.120405991343299NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
challenge0NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
means0NNS
ability0NN
meet0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.334780996796753
WordScorePoS
medium0.0607878664258118NN
size0.049270765107907NN
enterprise0.0607878664258118NN
face0NN
water0NN
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
scale0NN
means0NNS
ability0.0607878664258118NN
meet0VB

BOX Mining and water sustainability Minera Esperanza Chile Minera Esperanza operation is located km from Antofagasta in the Atacama Desert one of the driest places in the world and requires approximately million of water year to operate

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.891738642028726
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainability0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
require0VB
approximately0RB
operate0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.415483795988005
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
approximately0RB
operate0.0542519672965169VB

Securing long term supply of useable water and optimizing its use in the processes were important for mining development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.80858606361341
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
term0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
process0NN
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.367221389519026
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
term0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
water0.186896403054502NN
process0NN
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.258483155554251
WordScorePoS
secure0JJ
term0.149793392961411NN
supply0NN
water0NN
process0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN

As result the plant was designed to use untreated seawater

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.591837791114403
WordScorePoS
result0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
untreated0JJ

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.61180504409349
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
plant0NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.52480721892004
WordScorePoS
result0NN
plant0.117231723668544NN
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Studies in laboratory conditions and carried out by pilot project determined optimum operating conditions for the primary flotation process using seawater

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.506406917040361
WordScorePoS
study0NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
determine0VB
operate0.0542519672965169VB
primary0JJ
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.381959362732692
WordScorePoS
study0NN
condition0NN
project0NN
determine0VB
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primary0.0970239057629001JJ
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A supply pipe network was constructed to transport seawater km from the Pacific coast to the mine site

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.622658985178973
WordScorePoS
supply0.0703006268489394NN
transport0.0277064208763707NN

Minera Esperanza recruited significant part of its staff from neighbouring communities

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

A major feature of the community plan was programme to enhance the job skills both for construction and mine workers of the local residents

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.689998150467515
WordScorePoS
major0.0216847879059514JJ
feature0NN
community0NN
plan0NN
programme0.0182963616752599NN
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job0.0152653111258778NN
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worker0NN
local0JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.492736586862349
WordScorePoS
major0.0214106369326177JJ
feature0NN
community0NN
plan0NN
programme0.0180650490434051NN
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job0.135650868266471NN
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local0.0214106369326177JJ

To provide equal opportunities Minera Esperanza focused on attracting women to participate in the scheme and in had women workers compared with country average for the mining industry of

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.658258217380282
WordScorePoS
provide0.0112083245137075VB
equal0.114211783066808JJ
opportunity0.02046578088155NN
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woman0.221979360474357NN
worker0NN
compare0VB
country0NN
average0NN
industry0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.311396217538198
WordScorePoS
provide0.00740117451847634VB
equal0JJ
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
focus0.030745604615229NN
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woman0NN
worker0.0454743001434393NN
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country0NN
average0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.285232056836008
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
equal0JJ
opportunity0NN
focus0.0279982034978914NN
attract0VB
woman0.0102677744436108NN
worker0NN
compare0.0414107553022249VB
country0NN
average0.1656430212089NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.27273140070847
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
equal0.0202620733250388JJ
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
focus0NN
attract0VB
woman0.0242343960710022NN
worker0NN
compare0VB
country0NN
average0.146608885563018NN
industry0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.379040227734503
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
equal0.0504071033101074JJ
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
focus0.0410992516792148NN
attract0VB
woman0.0452169560888236NN
worker0.121575732851624NN
compare0VB
country0NN
average0NN
industry0NN

Source Adapted from ICMM

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

New construction in Astana Kazakhstan Photo Shynar Jetpissova World Bank Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges Moreover large companies and SME are faced with different water sustainability issues depending on whether they operate in developed or developing countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.716586538412318
WordScorePoS
world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
company0NN
face0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainability0NN
issue0NN
depend0VB
operate0VB
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.505083388847478
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
bank0NN
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
company0.108503934593034NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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issue0NN
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operate0.0542519672965169VB
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In developed countries the emphasis is mainly on efficiency measures to conserve water resources that already exist

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.772060386388096
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
measure0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377400939286443
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.168877767097164
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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water0NN
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For developing countries however the priority for industry is to gain and secure access to water supplies that are reliable which is often challenge in water stressed areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842101936600972
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
priority0NN
industry0NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
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access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
reliable0JJ
challenge0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350420406375879
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
industry0NN
gain0.0664302389559493NN
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access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
reliable0JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.249241811709199
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
priority0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
gain0NN
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access0.0128821355880844NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
supplies0NNS
reliable0.0737171311497939JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.158339021412384
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
country0NN
priority0NN
industry0NN
gain0NN
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access0.0157161992303584NN
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reliable0.149891440995783JJ
challenge0.0528748274225028NN

Various possibilities for water efficiency are available for each of these situations depending on the progress of industrial development and the business climate

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.610327153182318
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
situation0.0295155485671997NN
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industrial0JJ
development0NN
business0NN
climate0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.524183922455903
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
situation0NN
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progress0.0221298700466866NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
climate0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.319757568258144
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0NN
situation0NN
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progress0NN
industrial0.0414107553022249JJ
development0NN
business0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278287591749146
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
situation0NN
depend0VB
progress0NN
industrial0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
business0.0409791940864438NN
climate0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.239850884076124
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
situation0NN
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development0NN
business0NN
climate0.115011305411453NN

Sustainable industry may be achieved by retrofitting old facilities and plants or building new ones specifically designed for efficiency and in some locations interlinked in ecoindustrial parks Box

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.506386437874825
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
achieve0.0114006914853063VB
facility0NN
plant0NN
building0NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
location0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.441591176982843
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
industry0NN
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
facility0NN
plant0NN
building0.149940347231585NN
efficiency0NN
location0.048933054487825NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.301887725971705
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
industry0NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
facility0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
building0NN
efficiency0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.298748068052598
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
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facility0NN
plant0NN
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efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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BOX

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The shape and form of industry plans and actions and the degree to which they are executed are conditioned by prevailing national and local regulatory regimes as well as by certain trade and investment protection agreements

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.376599468317441
WordScorePoS
form0NN
industry0NN
plan0.0291713033871158NN
action0.0369195714265843NN
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national0.0112708859309299JJ
local0.0145856516935579JJ
regime0NN
trade0NN
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protection0NN
agreement0.0236803262479443NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.318983624401435
WordScorePoS
form0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
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action0.0135141354781442NN
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national0.00412562425683033JJ
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regime0NN
trade0NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
protection0NN
agreement0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.314543708458157
WordScorePoS
form0.158049144643351NN
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action0NN
degree0NN
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national0.0294647633960925JJ
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agreement0.0464294830712827NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.393142451673901
WordScorePoS
form0.0884167543187491NN
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action0.0269969049497485NN
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national0.0164833460638534JJ
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investment0.0376648791150643NN
protection0.122839698738001NN
agreement0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.392647499042524
WordScorePoS
form0.0591643007226199NN
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trade0.0591643007226199NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
protection0NN
agreement0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.309178930830726
WordScorePoS
form0NN
industry0NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
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national0.0134132459226336JJ
local0.0130185595639838JJ
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investment0.0766240489430275NN
protection0NN
agreement0NN

Collisions of policy with regard to water in different sectors for example the water energy nexus lead to functional trade offs in water use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.851176561145588
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
regard0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
lead0NN
trade0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373682978860028
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
regard0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
trade0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.265912499470917
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
regard0NN
water0NN
sector0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
lead0.0383371018038178NN
trade0NN

Challenges Balancing the requirements of sustainability against the conventional view of industrial mass production creates number of conundrums for industry

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.872063973822378
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
sustainability0NN
view0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
production0.0188543197850406NN
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This stand off can only be resolved by effecting trade offs and changing paradigms

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.868951941976127
WordScorePoS
stand0VB
effect0NN
trade0NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.304599886263138
WordScorePoS
stand0VB
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Water use is central to these dilemmas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.925587031909422
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310902118894925
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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On the largest scale the challenge of globalization is how to spread the benefits of worldwide industrialization Water and wastewater in eco industrial parks Industrial parks have existed for some time in both developing and developed countries

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.826332453513438
WordScorePoS
largest0.0368585655748969JJS
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industrial0.318320101004075JJ
exist0VB
time0.0188543197850406NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.493646052453073
WordScorePoS
largest0JJS
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water0.556409482163189NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
industrial0JJ
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develop0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.153721256917202
WordScorePoS
largest0JJS
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water0.186896403054502NN
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time0.0169905820958638NN
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Most are created by formal planning processes but some have grown organically

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.579752896216873
WordScorePoS
create0.0520080474473126VB
plan0NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
grow0.0188543197850406VB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.452608523812306
WordScorePoS
create0.0315914058171786VB
plan0.0583751976558017NN
process0NN
grow0.0229054731708393VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.300542901650301
WordScorePoS
create0VB
plan0.0344256159926965NN
process0NN
grow0.0405241466500776VB

They provide competitive advantages for the businesses within them and also social economic and environmental benefits beyond the confines

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.374252147404308
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
business0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.507667095098454
WordScorePoS
provide0.0295703421524739VB
business0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.41000949802151
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
business0NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
benefit0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.354357076949094
WordScorePoS
provide0.00740117451847634VB
business0.0909486002868787NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
benefit0.0260040237236563NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.325154656022705
WordScorePoS
provide0.0200087191734851VB
business0.0409791940864438NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
benefit0NN

Usually industrial parks separate collection of factory premises from domestic habitation and other activities

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.896238086105254
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
collection0NN
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
activity0NN

However this does not apply universally

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

For example the ChinaSingapore Suzhou Industrial Park in China combines over Fortune companies with current residential population of people

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.763691974442271
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
company0NN
current0JJ
residential0JJ
population0NN
people0.0186171553883251NNS

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.504058353721874
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
company0.108503934593034NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ
residential0.0542519672965169JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS

Eco industrial parks ensure effective management of water and effluents together with liquid and solid materials recovery

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.781487205843479
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
effective0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
material0.0516150472983178NN
recovery0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.426325321302371
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
effective0JJ
management0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
material0NN
recovery0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.270261036558486
WordScorePoS
industrial0JJ
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
effective0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
material0NN
recovery0NN

They permit tailored water supply effluent collection and treatment that maximizes the use and reuse of available water and other materials aid the optimization of processes to reduce carbon footprints and ensure compliance with regulations and enable the whole water cycle to be linked with successive steps in the value chain of the processes and products of the industries in the park

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.841438243929512
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
collection0NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
material0.0516150472983178NN
aid0NN
process0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
carbon0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
regulation0NN
enable0VB
cycle0NN
successive0JJ
chain0NN
product0NN
industry0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396280438747653
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
collection0NN
treatment0NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
material0NN
aid0NN
process0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
carbon0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
regulation0NN
enable0VB
cycle0.108503934593034NN
successive0JJ
chain0.0819583881728876NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
industry0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.233009742910591
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
supply0NN
collection0NN
treatment0NN
reuse0NN
material0NN
aid0NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
reduce0VB
carbon0NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
regulation0NN
enable0VB
cycle0NN
successive0JJ
chain0.0454743001434393NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
industry0.181897200573757NN

good example is the Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park which groups chemical companies working in chlorine chemistry and has an integrated water and wastewater and solid waste services operator Sinofrench

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784043487229731
WordScorePoS
chemical0.041835863322702NN
industrial0JJ
company0NN
chemistry0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
waste0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.470261674776333
WordScorePoS
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
industrial0JJ
company0.108503934593034NN
chemistry0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
wastewater0NN
waste0.138532104381853NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.330922304712055
WordScorePoS
chemical0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
company0NN
chemistry0NN
integrate0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
wastewater0NN
waste0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN

At the conception stage industrial parks bring the full benefits of specialized design pooling best available technology risk reduction and risk sharing in ways that optimise future technical performance and provide security for investors

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.657904553060561
WordScorePoS
stage0.0602029956716497NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
bring0VB
full0.030745604615229JJ
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
risk0NN
reduction0NN
share0.0377086395700813NN
future0NN
technical0.030745604615229JJ
performance0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
security0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.36445794769295
WordScorePoS
stage0NN
industrial0JJ
bring0.0731385760866977VB
full0JJ
benefit0NN
technology0NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
reduction0.0268848280079943NN
share0NN
future0.0373517915079663NN
technical0.0373517915079663JJ
performance0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
security0NN

At the operational stage they provide the benefits of committed and specialized operator with high levels of operation and management skills rigorous quality control procedures backed by on site laboratories and often with an additional D facility

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.857465643112765
WordScorePoS
stage0NN
provide0.0100202166857628VB
benefit0NN
level0.0231525547935232NN
management0NN
skill0.407534682675042NN
quality0.076326555629389NN
control0NN
additional0JJ
facility0.0815069365350084NN

In some cases the provision of specialized effluent treatment to preserve country specialized industry has been the reason for creating park

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.798934046152427
WordScorePoS
provision0NN
treatment0NN
country0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
create0.0520080474473126VB

The Tuzla Organized Leather Industrial Zone Project in Istanbul is an example

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.901548563255515
WordScorePoS
organize0VB
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
project0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.304436316492862
WordScorePoS
organize0.107490825192354VB
industrial0JJ
project0NN

In other cases by integrating water and wastewater challenges it has been possible to ensure continuity of historic industry groupings threatened with closure on environmental protection grounds such as Bran Sands on Teesside in the U

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.827201564058659
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
challenge0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
industry0NN
threaten0VB
environmental0JJ
protection0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.284884550664022
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
wastewater0NN
challenge0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
industry0NN
threaten0VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
protection0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.255533515270752
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
wastewater0NN
challenge0NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
industry0.181897200573757NN
threaten0VB
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
protection0NN

and Villers Saint Paul in France

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Contributed by AquaFed

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.769260943713818
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0815049608642826VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.522998041941988
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0554128417527413VB

For more information about the parks see the online sources for SIPAC www

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.529198087746173
WordScorePoS
information0.0219686053934784NN
online0.048933054487825NN
source0.0109843026967392NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.524020559379318
WordScorePoS
information0.0675706773907211NN
online0NN
source0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.396522077632702
WordScorePoS
information0NN
online0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

sipac

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

gov

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

cn english SCIP www

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

scip

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

cn en Tuzla www

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

ideriosb

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

tr hizmetler aritma Bran Sands nwl

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

uk business water and waste water management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.866088070190795
WordScorePoS
business0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
waste0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.440145462942699
WordScorePoS
business0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
waste0.138532104381853NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

aspx and Villers SaintPaul www

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

suezenvironnement media

Label: 12, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
media0.0542519672965169NNS

com wp content uploads

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Villers

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

pdf WWDR Industry equitably and without unsustainable impacts on water and other natural resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.731488666592065
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
unsustainable0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.507046864372179
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
water0.186896403054502NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.306498683166718
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
unsustainable0JJ
impact0.0160169090870187NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
natural0JJ
resource0.0185001613201543NN

While UN Water has proposed dedicated global goal for water with targets designed to be tailored to the contexts and priorities of each country the reality of national and local politics in regulating water as well as geography will involve compromises WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.892613409672649
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
dedicate0VB
global0.00936547854413134JJ
goal0NN
target0NN
context0NN
priority0NN
country0NN
national0JJ
local0.0181797964452808JJ
regulate0VB
involve0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.382871698799728
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
dedicate0VB
global0.022306853314744JJ
goal0NN
target0NN
context0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
country0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
local0.0144336476662975JJ
regulate0VB
involve0.0819583881728876VB

Industry priority is to maximize production rather than water efficiency and conservation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.733056203282777
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
priority0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
conservation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.451349991767638
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
production0.118934074671047NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
conservation0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.329990908356818
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
priority0NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
conservation0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.202310055322258
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
priority0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
conservation0NN

Even in the case of improved water efficiency there may be rebound effect Ercin and Hoekstra where the water savings obtained are reinvested to increase production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875122824281009
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
effect0NN
obtain0VB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381207307995466
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
effect0NN
obtain0VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.149389328497485
WordScorePoS
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
effect0NN
obtain0VB
increase0.0162235147372888NN
production0.0383371018038178NN

Therefore though the process may be more efficient total water use may not decrease

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824588304326119
WordScorePoS
process0NN
efficient0JJ
total0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
decrease0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.481682294673915
WordScorePoS
process0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
total0.0468670845659596NN
water0.186896403054502NN
decrease0NN

In parallel industry seeks to be either self supplied or to obtain water from public supplies at the lowest price possible neither of which encourages water efficiency though the value of water to industry may be high

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.858006789325699
WordScorePoS
parallel0NN
industry0NN
seek0VB
supply0.0590310971343993NN
obtain0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
public0NN
supplies0NNS
price0NN
encourage0VB
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.360189455261551
WordScorePoS
parallel0NN
industry0NN
seek0VB
supply0.0703006268489394NN
obtain0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
public0.028867295332595NN
supplies0NNS
price0NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.271707257294391
WordScorePoS
parallel0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
seek0VB
supply0NN
obtain0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
supplies0NNS
price0NN
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0906334025560181
WordScorePoS
parallel0NN
industry0NN
seek0VB
supply0.0528748274225028NN
obtain0VB
water0NN
public0NN
supplies0NNS
price0NN
encourage0VB
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Moreover cost benefit drives water efficiency as it relates to maximizing company profit rather than optimizing water use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.876792715953769
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0NN
drive0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
company0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414544009208679
WordScorePoS
cost0.0277064208763707NN
benefit0NN
drive0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
company0.108503934593034NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.101766548162216
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0NN
drive0NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
company0NN

Within industries water hotspots can be identified that present the highest risks and highest opportunities Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.804641779349301
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
identify0VB
risk0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.412803711160106
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
identify0VB
risk0NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.263025866822208
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
identify0VB
risk0NN
opportunity0NN
figure0NN

Directly related to the debate over water efficiency are predicaments arising from the introduction of new water technology

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898317951286739
WordScorePoS
related0.0524959536790166JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
arise0VB
introduction0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.307990079122262
WordScorePoS
related0.00833571598658786JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
arise0VB
introduction0NN
technology0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.178735992511349
WordScorePoS
related0JJ
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
arise0VB
introduction0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN

There are many good ideas and innovative Examples of water hotspots in selected industries Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.83494314497972
WordScorePoS
idea0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
industry0NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.41987866285208
WordScorePoS
idea0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280455088480961
WordScorePoS
idea0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
industry0NN
figure0NN

The business case for water efficiency frequently requires financial trade off

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.769145984230826
WordScorePoS
business0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
require0VB
financial0JJ
trade0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.398905454251122
WordScorePoS
business0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
financial0JJ
trade0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.171152007029785
WordScorePoS
business0NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
require0VB
financial0JJ
trade0NN

The common problem is the internal rate of return

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.755386346543798
WordScorePoS
common0JJ
rate0.0571955184484387NN
return0.107490825192354NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.4811723966221
WordScorePoS
common0.0615471563780609JJ
rate0.0433561464459019NN
return0NN

Investment in efficient water treatment technology or cooling processes may have longer payback periods than the immediate returns of alternative short term investment in production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.603566374517062
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
efficient0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
process0NN
period0NN
return0NN
alternative0NN
term0NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.437566422688071
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
treatment0NN
technology0NN
process0NN
period0.0409791940864438NN
return0NN
alternative0NN
term0NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.396791132314253
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
efficient0JJ
water0NN
treatment0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
process0NN
period0NN
return0NN
alternative0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
production0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.333460412798191
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
efficient0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
treatment0NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
period0NN
return0NN
alternative0.0602029956716497NN
term0NN
production0.0188543197850406NN

Moreover low or non existent water prices do not encourage investment in water efficiency which may have other drivers such as water allocation or permitting

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.908558039050524
WordScorePoS
existent0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
price0NN
encourage0VB
investment0NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342105096335113
WordScorePoS
existent0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
price0NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
investment0NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0915864504422491
WordScorePoS
existent0JJ
water0NN
price0NN
encourage0VB
investment0.0383371018038178NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

On the upside in the long term investment in sustainable technology provides extended savings

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.742630106841639
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
technology0.109843026967392NN
extend0VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.498979744973393
WordScorePoS
term0.0749457204978913NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
technology0.109914925284606NN
extend0VB

Conversely it may be less expensive to pay the fine for pollution than to pay for better water treatment

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861849909344611
WordScorePoS
expensive0JJ
pay0.0295155485671997NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321454512133515
WordScorePoS
expensive0.0542519672965169JJ
pay0NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
treatment0NN

Managers have to see and make the business case to offset shareholder and stakeholder pressure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.570129409599717
WordScorePoS
business0.0909486002868787NN
stakeholder0NN
pressure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.513772474929383
WordScorePoS
business0.0409791940864438NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
pressure0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.463401748597572
WordScorePoS
business0NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
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However it is incumbent upon the political and legal authorities to develop appropriate incentives for industries standards permissions prohibitions fines charges etc

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.787234715657028
WordScorePoS
political0.0368585655748969JJ
legal0JJ
develop0VB
incentive0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
standard0.0454743001434393NN
prohibition0NN

with objectives to align business decisions with the public interest

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.559285374659965
WordScorePoS
objective0.0368585655748969NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.436108800661312
WordScorePoS
objective0NN
business0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.350565996594806
WordScorePoS
objective0.0299586785922821NN
business0NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN
public0.0390556786919513NN

Exploration Upstream oil gas Groundwater environmental safety Supply chain Assembled products Pharmaceuticals aw materials environmental records and availability Supply chain resilience to future reduced water availability Development Operations Distribution Export ater efficiency and environmental safety in asset design and construction Groundwater environmental safety Reduction or better management of produced water Groundwater environmental safety Safety of the water we cross river crossing internal water lanes sealanes and their fragile environments Operations Improvement in water efficiency of manufacturing plants Products Sell water management benefits of products understand where this is buying factor Distribution Safety of the water we cross internal water lanes sea lanes and their fragile environments License to operate through engagement with communities and government in the vicinity of manufacturing operations where key raw materials originate Disposal of COD rich waters and connections with other industries Source Place et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.813032793932729
WordScorePoS
gas0NN
environmental0JJ
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reduce0.00936547854413134VB
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management0.0428007293971684NN
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fragile0JJ
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improvement0NN
manufacture0NN
plant0NN
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sea0.041835863322702NN
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community0.0214003646985842NN
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industry0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.41301416037346
WordScorePoS
gas0.0332151194779746NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
safety0NN
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future0.0277064208763707NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
development0.022306853314744NN
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management0.0339811641917276NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
river0.0409791940864438NN
fragile0JJ
environment0.079769385071606NN
improvement0NN
manufacture0NN
plant0NN
benefit0NN
sea0NN
operate0.0542519672965169VB
community0.0169905820958638NN
government0NN
key0NN
industry0NN
source0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.226995905445689
WordScorePoS
gas0NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
safety0NN
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chain0.0454743001434393NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
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record0NN
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reduce0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
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efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
asset0NN
reduction0NN
management0NN
produce0VB
river0NN
fragile0JJ
environment0.0221298700466866NN
improvement0.0454743001434393NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
plant0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
sea0NN
operate0VB
community0.0188543197850406NN
government0NN
key0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
source0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0906238687170312
WordScorePoS
gas0.0749457204978913NN
environmental0JJ
safety0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
chain0NN
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material0NN
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reduce0.00838876601975825VB
water0NN
development0NN
export0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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reduction0NN
management0NN
produce0VB
river0NN
fragile0JJ
environment0NN
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
manufacture0NN
plant0NN
benefit0NN
sea0NN
operate0VB
community0NN
government0NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
industry0NN
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.0620281779159915
WordScorePoS
gas0NN
environmental0JJ
safety0NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
product0NN
material0NN
record0NN
availability0NN
resilience0NN
future0.0297950283197006NN
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
water0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
export0.0881366997038154NN
efficiency0NN
asset0NN
reduction0NN
management0NN
produce0.0357189919948307VB
river0NN
fragile0JJ
environment0.0214456704626236NN
improvement0NN
manufacture0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
sea0NN
operate0VB
community0.0182713919265625NN
government0NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
industry0NN
source0.0130963126055467NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.0548097384147544
WordScorePoS
gas0.0671298309154199NN
environmental0JJ
safety0NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
product0NN
material0NN
record0NN
availability0NN
resilience0.0279982034978914NN
future0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
water0NN
development0NN
export0NN
efficiency0NN
asset0NN
reduction0.0403047273067529NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
produce0VB
river0NN
fragile0JJ
environment0NN
improvement0NN
manufacture0NN
plant0NN
benefit0NN
sea0.16782457728855NN
operate0VB
community0.0343390275626203NN
government0NN
key0NN
industry0NN
source0.0123065238088614NN

Table p

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Reproduced with the permission of Arthur D

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges approaches

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.604141681548523
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
approach0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.412419991369945
WordScorePoS
address0.064698038783335NN
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There are even technological solutions developed for niche applications such as removal of specific contaminants which may struggle for acceptance outside the mainstream issues of more effective and efficient overall water treatment

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.792541377087064
WordScorePoS
technological0JJ
solution0NN
develop0VB
removal0.0683326727248364NN
specific0JJ
issue0NN
effective0JJ
efficient0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.476408684493484
WordScorePoS
technological0.0468670845659596JJ
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specific0.0542519672965169JJ
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efficient0.108503934593034JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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But it can be difficult bringing new technology from concept to laboratory to pilot scale and to full commercial implementation

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.519536855081169
WordScorePoS
bring0VB
technology0.0810848128688654NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
full0.030745604615229JJ
commercial0JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.446653830657969
WordScorePoS
bring0VB
technology0.109843026967392NN
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full0JJ
commercial0JJ
implementation0.017987180284335NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.384055721103356
WordScorePoS
bring0VB
technology0.109914925284606NN
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Investors with venture capital are looking for the best bets and industrial managers are looking for reliability and track record neither of these views is conducive to moving innovation forward quickly

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.931181279371969
WordScorePoS
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
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conducive0.0602029956716497JJ
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innovation0.122982418460916NN
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Thoughtful policy and regulation combining compliance and incentives may provide balance between supporting the needs of industry versus overall economic results social benefits and the environment see WWAP Chapter Case study Water recycling in Singapore

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.62716077745894
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
regulation0NN
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support0.0209983814716066NN
industry0NN
economic0JJ
result0.0683326727248364NN
social0JJ
benefit0NN
environment0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.383162258964925
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
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social0.0169905820958638JJ
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environment0.079769385071606NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.305683464315656
WordScorePoS
policy0.011275328195446NN
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industry0.181897200573757NN
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social0.0188543197850406JJ
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
environment0.0221298700466866NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
recycle0VB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.257893190753362
WordScorePoS
policy0.0452169560888236NN
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support0.024730129581725NN
industry0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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social0.0504071033101074JJ
benefit0NN
environment0.0591643007226199NN
study0NN
water0NN
recycle0VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.324182704036683
WordScorePoS
policy0.0848203862485078NN
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incentive0NN
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industry0NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
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social0.101310366625194JJ
benefit0NN
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study0NN
water0NN
recycle0VB

Additionally the application of sustainable measures requires assistance education and finance

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.599955430322945
WordScorePoS
additionally0RB
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
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education0.244244978014045NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.479326652938078
WordScorePoS
additionally0RB
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measure0.0347609334428716NN
require0.104282800328615VB
assistance0.0410992516792148NN
education0.0150723186962745NN
finance0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.31203557388565
WordScorePoS
additionally0RB
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measure0.103895385378356NN
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education0.0225244866060403NN
finance0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.305163979087518
WordScorePoS
additionally0RB
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measure0.0710409787438328NN
require0.0473606524958885VB
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education0.0102677744436108NN
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In this respect agencies such as UNIDO can act as intermediaries and provide necessary stimulus particularly in transitional and developing economies

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.585801680874087
WordScorePoS
respect0.0335649154577099NN
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economy0.0839946104936743NN

Responses Actions to improve water sustainability in industry commonly originate from one of two directions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.8365104264798
WordScorePoS
response0NN
action0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.330492389615464
WordScorePoS
response0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
industry0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.320946203431013
WordScorePoS
response0NN
action0.0135141354781442NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
sustainability0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
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First top down approaches are those initiated by government at various levels

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.527348003349799
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
government0.048933054487825NN
level0.0138997399903163NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.512526911014027
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
government0NN
level0.0610668815653026NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.498443290698335
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
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They include command and control carrot and stick methods of policy regulation enforcement and incentives

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.652628819435137
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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regulation0.0977392570420122NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.493602622000504
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include0VB
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policy0.0641521854453136NN
regulation0.036961556179878NN
incentive0.036961556179878NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.380613265535168
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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Manufacturing as point source of pollution is good target

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.777978524918066
WordScorePoS
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.368262389721585
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manufacture0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.308529764519069
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manufacture0NN
source0.0109843026967392NN
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In the past these methods focused on technology and performance ignoring preventive approaches and resource efficiency UNEP

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.558819611191419
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
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efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.398373515182906
WordScorePoS
focus0.030745604615229NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
performance0NN
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resource0.0185001613201543NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.336412460639254
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
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resource0.0375923735942499NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.310483622213007
WordScorePoS
focus0.0373517915079663NN
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resource0.0449504361447405NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30989802196548
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
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approach0.0542519672965169NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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Second bottom up BOX

Label: 10, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
bottom0.064698038783335NN

approaches come from industry as it reacts to government approaches company own internal policies customer demand and public pressure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.528953231976957
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
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company0NN
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public0.0160169090870187NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.58684886028158
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
industry0NN
government0NN
company0.108503934593034NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
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public0.028867295332595NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.335405073780583
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
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The industry approach is more hands on and applied and often dependent on technology and engineering to deliver results and meet needs

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.691410841874607
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.367555231900336
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
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Corporate and managerial buy in is necessary to enable industry to produce the deliverables

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.787118911157439
WordScorePoS
enable0VB
industry0.181897200573757NN
produce0VB

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.455763054527185
WordScorePoS
enable0VB
industry0.0401833161726777NN
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It may be less expensive to pay the fine for pollution than to pay for better treatment Intersecting these top down and bottom up actions are initiatives from intergovernmental agencies which acting as intermediaries provide guidance targets and expert advice Box

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Other players include nongovernmental organizations and academia that contribute certain specialties at various levels

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.620887637959155
WordScorePoS
include0VB
organization0.0229784274580034NN
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level0.010074208709011NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.439887687656979
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organization0.0422721924574123NN
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level0.0138997399903163NN

Governance directions Policy for sustainable industry has four main instruments UNEP which are closely paralleled in the Lima Declaration Regulatory and control mechanisms usually target water abstractions and effluent discharges and include legislation standards and licensing

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.697548684065034
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.403605401691975
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
direction0.048933054487825NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.317885914945151
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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industry0.181897200573757NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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standard0.0454743001434393NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294578475054649
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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policy0.0203215381458133NN
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industry0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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On the upside they can promote United Nations post global goal for water and what it means for industry The United Nations has proposed set of potential targets and indicators for global goal for water sustainability Chapter which filter down to national levels

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.763643797685015
WordScorePoS
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global0.00936547854413134JJ
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level0.00647010760354177NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354174594545272
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.211485114264858
WordScorePoS
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As these targets dovetail with the intent of the Lima Declaration it can be foreseen that they may lead to general guidelines for industry

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.74293178269476
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.34558233685012
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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industry0.0401833161726777NN

In particular two of the targets have direct relevance to industry as they relate to quantity and quality of water addressing complexities in the SDGs of the post development agenda

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.716020918686447
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.338521614235884
WordScorePoS
target0NN
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industry0.181897200573757NN
quality0.022550656390892NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.332791651486141
WordScorePoS
target0NN
direct0JJ
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quality0.0203215381458133NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.307404878467679
WordScorePoS
target0.0898760357768464NN
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agenda0.0739231123597559NN

Target deals with improving the sustainable use and development of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.808355518771857
WordScorePoS
target0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348535126070129
WordScorePoS
target0NN
improve0VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Actions are called for to increase water productivity and reduce waste from inefficient industrial processes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.606900535227762
WordScorePoS
action0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
productivity0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
waste0NN
inefficient0JJ
industrial0JJ
process0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.582219567712264
WordScorePoS
action0.0135141354781442NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
reduce0VB
waste0NN
inefficient0JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
process0.0737171311497939NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.447393172987406
WordScorePoS
action0.0121782716594324NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
productivity0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
waste0.138532104381853NN
inefficient0.0542519672965169JJ
industrial0JJ
process0NN

A core indicator is the change in industrial GDP per industrial withdrawals

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.778765789538359
WordScorePoS
change0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
gdp0NN
withdrawal0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.593746410206908
WordScorePoS
change0.402565546215053NN
industrial0.0414107553022249JJ
gdp0NN
withdrawal0NN

The aim is the sustainable management of the resource to balance social economic and environmental needs

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.412726665814583
WordScorePoS
aim0.0410992516792148NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
management0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.51014706880445
WordScorePoS
aim0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
management0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.399190199062813
WordScorePoS
aim0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
management0.0687164195125178NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
social0.0458109463416786JJ
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368094581458917
WordScorePoS
aim0.0277064208763707NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.352766325202209
WordScorePoS
aim0NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
management0NN
resource0NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ

Target concerns wastewater and pollution

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889213808065677
WordScorePoS
target0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.302690148143219
WordScorePoS
target0.0898760357768464NN
wastewater0NN
pollution0NN

Protection of water quality is seen as pre condition to sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.800786272429348
WordScorePoS
protection0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
condition0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.393561686847176
WordScorePoS
protection0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

With regard to industry the main elements within the target are reductions in untreated industrial wastewater and increases in safe reuse of wastewater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.735221913144063
WordScorePoS
regard0NN
industry0NN
target0NN
reduction0NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
industrial0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
reuse0.103230094596636NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.599137407309393
WordScorePoS
regard0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
target0NN
reduction0NN
untreated0JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
wastewater0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
safe0JJ
reuse0NN

The focus is on both point sources and diffuse non point sources of pollution

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.690291210252209
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.443254094068114
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
source0.0238835024181023NN
pollution0.0689352823740101NN

One indicator references the proportion of industrial wastewater not collected in public systems that is treated to national standards another the proportion of flows discharged by industrial wastewater treatment plants that is safely reused

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.641067455972022
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
wastewater0NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
system0NN
national0.00412562425683033JJ
standard0.0454743001434393NN
flow0NN
discharge0NN
treatment0NN
plant0NN
reuse0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.640885474825852
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
industrial0JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
public0NN
system0NN
national0JJ
standard0NN
flow0NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
plant0NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.226706968336301
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0182713919265625NN
industrial0JJ
wastewater0NN
public0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
national0.00399807039435538JJ
standard0NN
flow0NN
discharge0NN
treatment0NN
plant0.132205049555723NN
reuse0NN

Source UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.942624603212447
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.285177937825798
WordScorePoS
source0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

WWDR Industry Economic or market based instruments can include monetary penalties for non compliance and charges for water withdrawals and wastewater discharge

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.864298713671218
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0JJ
market0NN
base0NN
include0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.278466677664952
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
market0.0377086395700813NN
base0NN
include0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
withdrawal0NN
wastewater0NN
discharge0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.257084214988117
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
market0.0169905820958638NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
include0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
withdrawal0NN
wastewater0NN
discharge0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.14788835188244
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
market0.0252035516550537NN
base0NN
include0VB
water0NN
withdrawal0NN
wastewater0NN
discharge0NN

To promote integrated water resources management IWRM prices can be influenced through taxes and royalties and quantity may be regulated through tradable permit systems for water which currently exist in only handful of countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824720187161627
WordScorePoS
promote0VB
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
price0NN
influence0NN
tax0NN
regulate0VB
system0NN
exist0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.39582373515924
WordScorePoS
promote0.0148712355431627VB
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
price0NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
tax0NN
regulate0VB
system0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
country0NN

Credit and trading schemes can be introduced in developing countries through industry initiatives and projects UNEP

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.807828223974939
WordScorePoS
credit0.0602029956716497NN
trading0NN
introduce0VB
develop0VB
country0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
initiative0NN
project0NN

In such countries it may be possible to apply water sustainability approaches to specific industry sectors in similar way to those proposed for climate action

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.680492022897259
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainability0NN
approach0NN
specific0JJ
industry0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
climate0NN
action0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.430509728519618
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
specific0.0542519672965169JJ
industry0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
climate0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.387232351383942
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0NN
sustainability0NN
approach0NN
specific0JJ
industry0NN
sector0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
action0.0369195714265843NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.341162282872176
WordScorePoS
country0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
sustainability0NN
approach0NN
specific0JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
climate0NN
action0.0135141354781442NN

Similarly such sector approaches would run the risk of targeting high polluters as opposed to the full value chains of supply and demand involving these and other industries

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.62762747252675
WordScorePoS
sector0.0565629593551219NN
approach0NN
risk0NN
target0NN
full0.030745604615229JJ
chain0.0454743001434393NN
supply0NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
involve0VB
industry0.181897200573757NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.555011034319905
WordScorePoS
sector0.0169905820958638NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
risk0NN
target0NN
full0JJ
chain0.0819583881728876NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
demand0NN
involve0.0819583881728876VB
industry0NN

Fiscal instruments and incentives are comprised of public expenditure subsidies and taxation that can affect cost benefit analyses in industry and change the BAU status

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.631913732950404
WordScorePoS
fiscal0JJ
incentive0NN
public0NN
expenditure0NN
subsidy0NN
taxation0NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
cost0.0279982034978914NN
benefit0NN
industry0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
status0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.318756497818264
WordScorePoS
fiscal0JJ
incentive0NN
public0NN
expenditure0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
taxation0NN
affect0.0081738237776987VB
cost0NN
benefit0.0229784274580034NN
industry0.0401833161726777NN
change0NN
status0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.317371535473159
WordScorePoS
fiscal0JJ
incentive0NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
expenditure0NN
subsidy0NN
taxation0NN
affect0.00925008066007716VB
cost0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
change0NN
status0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.356017653831378
WordScorePoS
fiscal0.064698038783335JJ
incentive0NN
public0.0172128079963482NN
expenditure0.064698038783335NN
subsidy0NN
taxation0NN
affect0VB
cost0.0660824365173543NN
benefit0NN
industry0NN
change0NN
status0.0488696285210061NN

Taxation can drive technology change and conversely tax exemptions can apply to specific products that are more water efficient and tax revenues directed to the same end

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.581429358737184
WordScorePoS
taxation0NN
drive0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
change0NN
tax0NN
specific0JJ
product0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficient0JJ
revenue0NN
direct0JJ

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.451493689960024
WordScorePoS
taxation0NN
drive0.0414107553022249NN
technology0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
tax0NN
specific0JJ
product0NN
water0NN
efficient0JJ
revenue0NN
direct0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.431023171987979
WordScorePoS
taxation0.0542519672965169NN
drive0NN
technology0NN
change0NN
tax0NN
specific0.0542519672965169JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
revenue0NN
direct0JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.33515851010954
WordScorePoS
taxation0NN
drive0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
change0NN
tax0.036961556179878NN
specific0JJ
product0.017987180284335NN
water0NN
efficient0JJ
revenue0.0978661089756501NN
direct0.0299586785922821JJ

There is an increasing trend particularly in developed countries to abolish subsidies that distort the price of water below its full cost

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.810785226458632
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
develop0VB
country0NN
subsidy0NN
price0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
full0JJ
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.416701266820977
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
develop0VB
country0NN
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
price0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
full0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.288017057460428
WordScorePoS
increase0.00470029406779661NN
develop0VB
country0NN
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
price0NN
water0.0333211986002325NN
full0JJ
cost0NN

It is recognized that inefficiencies in water use are the result of users including industry who do not pay the full cost WBCSD

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.819311372132473
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
user0NN
include0VB
industry0NN
pay0.0295155485671997NN
full0JJ
cost0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.359666269749939
WordScorePoS
recognize0.0368585655748969VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
result0NN
user0NN
include0VB
industry0.181897200573757NN
pay0NN
full0.030745604615229JJ
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.268742015890287
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
result0NN
user0NN
include0VB
industry0NN
pay0NN
full0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Funds of various sorts are available to support sustainable manufacturing and environmental subsidies can encourage innovative water technology

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.633733820081983
WordScorePoS
fund0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
manufacture0NN
environmental0JJ
subsidy0NN
encourage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.474074136986178
WordScorePoS
fund0NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
subsidy0NN
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.410191564599359
WordScorePoS
fund0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
manufacture0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
water0.186896403054502NN
technology0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.241976423767311
WordScorePoS
fund0NN
support0NN
sustainable0.0068299711135629JJ
manufacture0NN
environmental0JJ
subsidy0.162850158165781NN
encourage0VB
water0.0333211986002325NN
technology0.0238835024181023NN

SMEs with limited access to commercial financing could receive preferential loans funded by environmental taxes

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.520129060520237
WordScorePoS
limited0JJ
access0.00314118376811005NN
commercial0JJ
financing0.036961556179878NN
receive0VB
preferential0.0978661089756501JJ
fund0NN
environmental0JJ
tax0.036961556179878NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.504343874357172
WordScorePoS
limited0.120266261535276JJ
access0.00514687440545096NN
commercial0JJ
financing0NN
receive0VB
preferential0JJ
fund0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
tax0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.351918504113681
WordScorePoS
limited0JJ
access0.00610236075888593NN
commercial0JJ
financing0.0307735781890304NN
receive0.0814816979556159VB
preferential0JJ
fund0NN
environmental0JJ
tax0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346100012246353
WordScorePoS
limited0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
commercial0.0542519672965169JJ
financing0NN
receive0VB
preferential0JJ
fund0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
tax0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.342752356370686
WordScorePoS
limited0JJ
access0.00626002771693937NN
commercial0JJ
financing0NN
receive0VB
preferential0JJ
fund0.055245183797332NN
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
tax0NN

Voluntary action information and capacity building based on information instruments such as product data and labelling reporting which could have water efficiency or pollution component

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.671207141828885
WordScorePoS
action0NN
information0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
base0NN
product0NN
datum0NN
report0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.400853351191544
WordScorePoS
action0.0121782716594324NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
building0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
datum0NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.339693968759658
WordScorePoS
action0.0109843026967392NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
building0.149940347231585NN
base0.017987180284335NN
product0.017987180284335NN
datum0.0739231123597559NN
report0NN
water0NN
efficiency0NN
pollution0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.127423784717023
WordScorePoS
action0NN
information0NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
base0NN
product0NN
datum0NN
report0NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
pollution0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.302396962521368
WordScorePoS
action0.0135141354781442NN
information0.0675706773907211NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
base0NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
datum0.0454743001434393NN
report0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
pollution0NN

Eco labelling and consumer awareness can reflect water use and pollution

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.716420563698784
WordScorePoS
consumer0.325511803779102NN
awareness0.0819583881728876NN
reflect0.0409791940864438VB
water0.186896403054502NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.669289799700605
WordScorePoS
consumer0NN
awareness0NN
reflect0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN

Support programmes aimed at SMEs could improve resource efficiency and recycling

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.409698327808237
WordScorePoS
support0.0188084899376888NN
programme0.0274787313211514NN
aim0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
resource0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
recycle0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.504574315138096
WordScorePoS
support0.0209983814716066NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
aim0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.424818213703338
WordScorePoS
support0.00833571598658786NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
aim0.0277064208763707NN
improve0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB

Industry reaction The efforts of government need corresponding response reaction from industry to effect improvements in water use and efficiency UNEP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.666746304258899
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
effort0NN
government0NN
response0NN
effect0NN
improvement0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.610605531906978
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
effort0.0188543197850406NN
government0NN
response0NN
effect0.0454743001434393NN
improvement0.0454743001434393NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.249990620486508
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
effort0NN
government0NN
response0NN
effect0NN
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.249248273029287
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
effort0NN
government0NN
response0NN
effect0NN
improvement0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Chapter For the application and success of sustainable water initiatives they must be referenced to baseline evaluations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.911693762156897
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
initiative0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.331992765331209
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
initiative0NN

A Water Footprint Assessment WFA accounts for the direct and indirect use of freshwater in industry UNEP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.849436845727234
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
direct0JJ
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
industry0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337102699966732
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
direct0JJ
freshwater0NN
industry0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.32468929521792
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
direct0JJ
freshwater0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN

WFAs apply to the supply chain as well as to the production process Figure

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.718486730378935
WordScorePoS
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
production0.118934074671047NN
process0NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.525231280839001
WordScorePoS
supply0NN
chain0.0454743001434393NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Most companies have supply chain water footprint much larger than their operational one and it may be more cost effective to shift investment in sustainability in that direction Hoekstra et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.714533160435774
WordScorePoS
company0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
chain0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
cost0NN
effective0JJ
investment0NN
sustainability0NN
direction0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.599482084880412
WordScorePoS
company0.108503934593034NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
water0.186896403054502NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
effective0JJ
investment0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
direction0NN

More than to of company footprint and most of its water risks may be beyond its direct operations Place et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.836799946240477
WordScorePoS
company0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
risk0NN
direct0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.444260916801519
WordScorePoS
company0.108503934593034NN
water0.186896403054502NN
risk0NN
direct0JJ

The analysis may also include water use downstream from where the product was produced then purchased or used to the point of its disposal

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.883389084918248
WordScorePoS
include0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
product0NN
produce0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381123928129708
WordScorePoS
include0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB

Water footprinting

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.939323105536224
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315516027958732
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN

Figure best available techniques technology BAT and the polluterpays principle PPP which encourages manufacturers to recycle

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.478781356310472
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
principle0.036961556179878NN
encourage0.0211360962287062VB
recycle0VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.476931560886383
WordScorePoS
figure0.0602029956716497NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
principle0NN
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
recycle0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.367267982923654
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
technology0NN
principle0NN
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
recycle0.0819583881728876VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.358314438876307
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
technology0NN
principle0.0977392570420122NN
encourage0.02794560829783VB
recycle0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.338028272569707
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
principle0NN
encourage0VB
recycle0.103230094596636VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.313355984994638
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
principle0NN
encourage0VB
recycle0VB

On the downside the standards may not keep up with technological progress yet industry requires predictable regulation to enable long term planning and investment in order to accommodate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.601666058230658
WordScorePoS
standard0NN
technological0.0473606524958885JJ
progress0NN
industry0NN
require0.0473606524958885VB
predictable0JJ
regulation0NN
enable0.0279982034978914VB
term0NN
plan0.0291713033871158NN
investment0NN
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.452755574714119
WordScorePoS
standard0.0454743001434393NN
technological0.104016094894625JJ
progress0.0221298700466866NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
predictable0JJ
regulation0NN
enable0VB
term0NN
plan0NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
change0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.396621866806332
WordScorePoS
standard0NN
technological0JJ
progress0.017987180284335NN
industry0NN
require0.0211360962287062VB
predictable0JJ
regulation0.036961556179878NN
enable0.0499801157438617VB
term0.149793392961411NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
change0NN

Relative water footprints of various industry sectors Raw Product material Direct use end production Suppliers operations of life Apparel High tech Electronics Beverage Food Biotech Pharma Forest products Metals Mining Electric power Energy Note Water drops indicate the value chain segments that have relatively high blue green and grey water footprint intensities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.713091915991091
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
industry0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
product0NN
material0.0516150472983178NN
direct0JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
life0NN
beverage0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
forest0.041835863322702NN
metal0NN
power0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
chain0NN
green0JJ
intensity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.463546102962743
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
industry0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
material0NN
direct0JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
beverage0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
forest0NN
metal0NN
power0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
green0.0332151194779746JJ
intensity0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.287689916695772
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
material0NN
direct0JJ
production0.0188543197850406NN
life0NN
beverage0.0602029956716497NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
forest0NN
metal0.0602029956716497NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
chain0.0454743001434393NN
green0JJ
intensity0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.275801526450153
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0NN
industry0NN
sector0NN
product0NN
material0NN
direct0JJ
production0.0383371018038178NN
life0.0188084899376888NN
beverage0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
forest0NN
metal0NN
power0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
chain0NN
green0JJ
intensity0.122412709674631NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.200775190613816
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
industry0NN
sector0NN
product0.0190167691930804NN
material0NN
direct0JJ
production0.016202004209163NN
life0.00794883334420673NN
beverage0NN
food0.016202004209163NN
forest0.380082214408185NN
metal0NN
power0NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
chain0NN
green0JJ
intensity0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.160346492803828
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0NN
industry0NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
product0NN
material0NN
direct0JJ
production0.0548141757796873NN
life0NN
beverage0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
forest0.0357189919948307NN
metal0NN
power0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
chain0NN
green0JJ
intensity0NN

The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of consumer or producer

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.865229583215411
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
direct0JJ
consumer0NN
producer0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.480595538483916
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
direct0JJ
consumer0.325511803779102NN
producer0.0409791940864438NN

The water footprint of an individual community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696338941169596
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
individual0JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN
business0NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
volume0NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
produce0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
consume0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.475651636893975
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
individual0JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN
business0.0409791940864438NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
volume0NN
freshwater0NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
consume0.0409791940864438VB

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.305750670317361
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
individual0JJ
community0.0188543197850406NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
total0.0260040237236563NN
volume0NN
freshwater0NN
produce0VB
service0.0148023490369527NN
consume0VB

Source Morrison et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Table p

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Addressing critical developmental challenges also changes the concept of water use to incorporate consumptive water use with withdrawals and the focus from complying with discharge standards to managing the grey water footprint from an ecosystem perspective UNEP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.914182088742976
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
focus0NN
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
standard0NN
manage0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
perspective0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.311351255348254
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
withdrawal0NN
focus0NN
discharge0NN
standard0.0409791940864438NN
manage0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
perspective0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.128439342111342
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
water0.016202004209163NN
withdrawal0NN
focus0NN
discharge0NN
standard0NN
manage0.0528409850971592VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
perspective0NN

Notwithstanding the WFA methodology has shortcomings and its relevance is being questioned in different situations

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.650426114935323
WordScorePoS
situation0.0631828116343571NN

Water stewardship strategy for industry Figure Water stewardship concerns how company performs and behaves in terms of its operations and supply chains WWF Key phases Measure footprint engage stakeholders Inventory of current program and projects Key programmes ater footprint Enterprise wide and supply chain Water footprint Products Stakeholder mapping Ongoing process DEG KFW Bankengruppe

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732077788629349
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
strategy0NN
industry0NN
figure0NN
company0NN
term0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
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key0NN
phase0NN
measure0NN
engage0VB
stakeholder0NN
current0JJ
project0.041835863322702NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
enterprise0NN
wide0JJ
product0NN
process0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.546894689757332
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
strategy0NN
industry0NN
figure0NN
company0.108503934593034NN
term0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
key0NN
phase0.108503934593034NN
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engage0.0819583881728876VB
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
current0.0332151194779746JJ
project0.0664302389559493NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
enterprise0NN
wide0JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
process0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.278061587502499
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
strategy0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN
company0NN
term0NN
supply0NN
chain0.0454743001434393NN
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phase0NN
measure0NN
engage0.0454743001434393VB
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current0JJ
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enterprise0.0909486002868787NN
wide0JJ
product0.0442597400933733NN
process0.0737171311497939NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.132413089739345
WordScorePoS
water0NN
strategy0.017987180284335NN
industry0NN
figure0NN
company0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
key0NN
phase0NN
measure0NN
engage0VB
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
current0JJ
project0NN
programme0NN
enterprise0NN
wide0JJ
product0.017987180284335NN
process0NN

Stewardship means being proactive in conservation restoration and management at the watershed level and balancing internal and external action

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.601262349827193
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
conservation0.117231723668544NN
restoration0.0390772412228479NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
external0JJ
action0.0232260916751625NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.4967899203536
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
conservation0.0803666323453555NN
restoration0.0401833161726777NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
level0.010074208709011NN
external0JJ
action0.0119417512090511NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.409332492952963
WordScorePoS
means0.120266261535276NNS
conservation0NN
restoration0NN
management0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
external0JJ
action0.0269969049497485NN

Communication with other stakeholders in the same watershed and engagement in forums is essential

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.611955465911494
WordScorePoS
communication0.0499801157438617NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
forum0NN
essential0JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.45555570468209
WordScorePoS
communication0.0922368138456871NN
stakeholder0NN
forum0NN
essential0JJ

A threephase water stewardship strategy is shown in Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.921035037113152
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
strategy0NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309373116458018
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
strategy0NN
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At the plant level approaches include cleaner production and zero discharge and associated technologies life cycle management and eco design

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.340090018530393
WordScorePoS
plant0.132205049555723NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
approach0NN
include0VB
cleaner0JJR
production0.0548141757796873NN
discharge0NN
technology0.0130963126055467NN
life0NN
cycle0NN
management0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.571914451064063
WordScorePoS
plant0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
include0VB
cleaner0JJR
production0.118934074671047NN
discharge0NN
technology0NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
cycle0.108503934593034NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.429206273139475
WordScorePoS
plant0NN
level0NN
approach0NN
include0VB
cleaner0.0924643738905717JJR
production0.0383371018038178NN
discharge0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
life0.0188084899376888NN
cycle0NN
management0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.32230717748436
WordScorePoS
plant0.117231723668544NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
approach0NN
include0VB
cleaner0JJR
production0.016202004209163NN
discharge0NN
technology0NN
life0.00794883334420673NN
cycle0NN
management0.0486060126274891NN

At the industry level there are sustainability initiatives for supply chains and industrial Evaluate risks opportunities Execute programmes Map risks Direct and indirect Reduce footprint and offset Alignment with other resource issues ater innovation and technology investment Map water opportunities and value Brand and reputations management Prioritize issues and establish goals eporting disclosure governance and policy engagement Stakeholder comunity employee engagement An effective water stewardship strategy has three key phases and programmes to support the actions of each phase

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.554265520673576
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
sustainability0NN
initiative0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
chain0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
direct0JJ
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
issue0NN
innovation0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
investment0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
establish0VB
goal0NN
governance0NN
policy0NN
stakeholder0NN
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
key0NN
phase0NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
action0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.411270661687631
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
initiative0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
chain0.0819583881728876NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
opportunity0NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
direct0JJ
reduce0.022306853314744VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
issue0NN
innovation0NN
technology0NN
investment0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
establish0VB
goal0NN
governance0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
key0NN
phase0.108503934593034NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
action0.0121782716594324NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.3978720564728
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
level0NN
sustainability0NN
initiative0NN
supply0NN
chain0.0454743001434393NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
risk0NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
programme0NN
direct0JJ
reduce0VB
resource0.0185001613201543NN
issue0NN
innovation0.122982418460916NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
management0NN
establish0VB
goal0NN
governance0NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
stakeholder0NN
effective0JJ
strategy0NN
key0NN
phase0NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
action0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.305623387918445
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
initiative0.036961556179878NN
supply0NN
chain0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
opportunity0NN
programme0NN
direct0.0299586785922821JJ
reduce0.00335331148065841VB
resource0.0375923735942499NN
issue0.0299586785922821NN
innovation0.0499801157438617NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
water0NN
management0NN
establish0.048933054487825VB
goal0NN
governance0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
strategy0.017987180284335NN
key0NN
phase0NN
support0.0451108483130998NN
action0.0109843026967392NN

It is essential to keep stakeholders local communities and employees engaged in the stewardship activities across all phases

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.779906705806121
WordScorePoS
essential0JJ
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN
engage0.0819583881728876VB
activity0.0199423462679015NN
phase0.108503934593034NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.316958679290883
WordScorePoS
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
stakeholder0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN
engage0VB
activity0.0502364757923669NN
phase0NN

Source Deloitte Fig

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

and Sarni

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

UNIDO Green Industry Initiative Table

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.822971213199619
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
initiative0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.418343535350953
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
industry0NN
initiative0.0924643738905717NN

Greening of industries Helping enterprises improve resource productivity and environmental performance Creating new green industries Establishing new operations delivering environmental goods and services Efficient use of materials energy and water Reduction of wastes and emissions Safe and responsible management of chemicals renewable raw materials Phasing out toxic substances Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy sources Product and process redesign Green Chemistry Reduce reuse and recycle industries Pollution control technology and equipment Renewable and energy efficient technologies Waste management and resource recovery Environmental advisory and analytical services Source UNIDO

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.603336739547933
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
help0NN
enterprise0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
resource0NN
productivity0NN
environmental0JJ
performance0NN
create0VB
green0JJ
establish0VB
deliver0VB
service0.0451471467893167NN
efficient0JJ
material0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
water0NN
reduction0NN
waste0.0625160381065121NN
emission0.0625160381065121NN
safe0JJ
responsible0JJ
management0NN
chemical0NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
phase0NN
substance0NN
fossil0.0924643738905717NN
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
product0NN
process0NN
chemistry0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
reuse0NN
recycle0VB
pollution0NN
control0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
recovery0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.479475331328658
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
enterprise0NN
improve0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
productivity0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
performance0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
green0.0332151194779746JJ
establish0VB
deliver0.0332151194779746VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
material0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
water0.186896403054502NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
waste0.138532104381853NN
emission0.0554128417527413NN
safe0JJ
responsible0JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
phase0.108503934593034NN
substance0NN
fossil0.0409791940864438NN
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
source0NN
product0.0199423462679015NN
process0NN
chemistry0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
control0NN
technology0NN
recovery0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.350943539929489
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
help0NN
enterprise0.0909486002868787NN
improve0VB
resource0.0185001613201543NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
performance0NN
create0.0520080474473126VB
green0JJ
establish0VB
deliver0VB
service0.0148023490369527NN
efficient0JJ
material0NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
reduction0NN
waste0NN
emission0NN
safe0JJ
responsible0JJ
management0NN
chemical0NN
renewable0.0520080474473126JJ
phase0NN
substance0NN
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
source0.0135141354781442NN
product0.0442597400933733NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
chemistry0NN
reduce0VB
reuse0NN
recycle0VB
pollution0NN
control0NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
recovery0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.329740177320286
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
help0NN
enterprise0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
productivity0NN
environmental0JJ
performance0NN
create0VB
green0JJ
establish0VB
deliver0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
efficient0JJ
material0.0516150472983178NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
reduction0NN
waste0NN
emission0NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
responsible0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
chemical0.041835863322702NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
phase0NN
substance0NN
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
product0NN
process0NN
chemistry0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
reuse0.103230094596636NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
control0NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
recovery0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.107791649987913
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
help0NN
enterprise0NN
improve0.0102677744436108VB
resource0NN
productivity0NN
environmental0JJ
performance0NN
create0VB
green0.0335649154577099JJ
establish0VB
deliver0VB
service0NN
efficient0JJ
material0NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
water0NN
reduction0.0403047273067529NN
waste0NN
emission0.19598742448524NN
safe0JJ
responsible0JJ
management0.0171695137813101NN
chemical0NN
renewable0.0236803262479443JJ
phase0NN
substance0NN
fossil0NN
fuel0NN
source0.0123065238088614NN
product0NN
process0NN
chemistry0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
reuse0NN
recycle0VB
pollution0NN
control0NN
technology0NN
recovery0NN

WWDR Industry clusters in economic zones to maximize the use of available water resources and reuse of wastewater

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.853836637957854
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.305240470135521
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
wastewater0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.263564826842072
WordScorePoS
industry0.181897200573757NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
reuse0NN
wastewater0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.137401220984647
WordScorePoS
industry0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
reuse0NN
wastewater0NN

These are moves towards closed cycle manufacturing

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.840693256258788
WordScorePoS
move0NN
cycle0NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.521857163432155
WordScorePoS
move0.0409791940864438NN
cycle0.108503934593034NN
manufacture0NN

UNIDO as catalyst the Green Industry Initiative In concert with government and industry initiatives UNIDO has green industry policy in line with the Lima Declaration UNIDO

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.845652071718564
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
initiative0NN
government0NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
line0.030745604615229NN
declaration0NN

In addition UNIDO is actively promoting Green Industry initiative Table

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.820370859504429
WordScorePoS
addition0.0368585655748969NN
promote0.00825124851366066VB
green0JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
initiative0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.364468812538826
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
promote0.00838876601975825VB
green0JJ
industry0NN
initiative0.0924643738905717NN

that is directly applicable to water efficiency UNIDO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.894047948455552
WordScorePoS
applicable0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334219936030413
WordScorePoS
applicable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.198945458854671
WordScorePoS
applicable0JJ
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Chapter

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Business partnerships are key to the development of green industry and include social investments philanthropic multi stakeholder and transformational partnerships UNIDO

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.907979157362596
WordScorePoS
business0NN
partnership0.3914644359026NN
key0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
green0JJ
industry0NN
include0VB
social0JJ
investment0.0766240489430275NN
multus0.0978661089756501NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.30517262714074
WordScorePoS
business0.0909486002868787NN
partnership0NN
key0NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
green0JJ
industry0.181897200573757NN
include0VB
social0.0188543197850406JJ
investment0.0377086395700813NN
multus0NN
stakeholder0NN

The purpose is to capture the core strengths of the private sector and to change business operations in line with sustainability goals

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.72841350154421
WordScorePoS
capture0NN
private0JJ
sector0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
business0NN
line0NN
sustainability0NN
goal0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.389236494472757
WordScorePoS
capture0NN
private0.0368585655748969JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
change0NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
line0.030745604615229NN
sustainability0NN
goal0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.312690966089879
WordScorePoS
capture0NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
change0NN
business0NN
line0NN
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
goal0NN

In putting this policy into action UNIDO has set up National Cleaner Production Centres in number of countries

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.513190410138091
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
action0.0109843026967392NN
set0.0978661089756501NN
national0.0134132459226336JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0NN
centre0.0299586785922821NN
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.376801780550903
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
set0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0.118934074671047NN
centre0NN
country0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.362579247133848
WordScorePoS
put0.0583416713841148VBN
policy0NN
action0NN
set0NN
national0.00399807039435538JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0.0548141757796873NN
centre0.0357189919948307NN
country0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.350598422013935
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
policy0.0848203862485078NN
action0.0145231653596925NN
set0NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0NN
centre0.0396106020715138NN
country0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.310230901733635
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
policy0NN
action0NN
set0NN
national0JJ
cleaner0.0924643738905717JJR
production0.0383371018038178NN
centre0NN
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It uses its TEST methodology Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology to demonstrate that economic benefits can accrue from sustainable and cleaner production UNIDO

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.317377424788374
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0NN
technology0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0.0504071033101074NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.429175742844021
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
economic0JJ
benefit0NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
cleaner0.0924643738905717JJR
production0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.374175408630504
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0.0520080474473126NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0.0188543197850406NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344990549845796
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0.0234335422829798NN
technology0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
benefit0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0.118934074671047NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.335493288317711
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0.0393804437159645NN
technology0.0409315617631NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
benefit0.0393804437159645NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.307676976018214
WordScorePoS
transfer0NN
environmentally0RB
sound0.0519476926891779NN
technology0.0269969049497485NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.306612469962324
WordScorePoS
transfer0.036961556179878NN
environmentally0RB
sound0.0211360962287062NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
economic0JJ
benefit0NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
cleaner0JJR
production0NN

Addressing critical developmental challenges Adapting to climate variability and change UNESCO IHP and WMO | Contributors Wouter Buytaert Anil Mishra Siegfried Demuth Blanca Jiménez Cisneros Bruce Stewart and Claudio Caponi

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.841755273017916
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
contributor0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.464229348498591
WordScorePoS
address0NN
critical0JJ
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
contributor0.122412709674631NN

Context The essence of sustainable freshwater resources management is balancing freshwater supplies with demands and uses in manner that ensures water availability quantity and quality for the present and the future

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.739446362496804
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
supplies0NNS
demand0NN
manner0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
future0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.393656877098621
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
supplies0NNS
demand0NN
manner0.0542519672965169NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
future0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.300420521065752
WordScorePoS
context0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
freshwater0NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
demand0NN
manner0NN
ensure0.00501208088147356VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
availability0NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
future0.0373517915079663NN

Climate variability and change may affect both sides of the balance and thus add to the challenges IPCC

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.887904157043248
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
add0VB
challenge0.0236803262479443NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.323164896466494
WordScorePoS
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
affect0VB
add0VB
challenge0.0528748274225028NN

Climate change will affect the natural water balance and water availability in several ways changes in spatiotemporal patterns and variability of precipitation affect the replenishment of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.80903190465383
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
pattern0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.380777312403996
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
water0NN
availability0NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
resource0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356747223630766
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Increases in temperature cause higher evaporation from open surfaces and soils and increased transpiration by vegetation potentially reducing water availability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.7776847723632
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
temperature0NN
surface0NN
soil0NN
potentially0RB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377981943042143
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
temperature0NN
surface0NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
potentially0RB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.364195641600327
WordScorePoS
increase0.0145316075945746NN
temperature0.207053776511125NN
surface0.0335649154577099NN
soil0NN
potentially0RB
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
water0NN
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Water quality will be affected Hipsey and Arheimer for instance as result of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers faster dissolved oxygen depletion because of higher water temperatures or higher content of pollutants that flow into water bodies following extreme rain events IPCC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.88724669075395
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
result0.0683326727248364NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
faster0RBR
oxygen0NN
depletion0NN
temperature0NN
flow0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.276075501364844
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
result0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0NN
faster0RBR
oxygen0NN
depletion0NN
temperature0NN
flow0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.240520767021459
WordScorePoS
water0.0333211986002325NN
quality0NN
affect0.0081738237776987VB
result0NN
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
aquifer0NN
faster0RBR
oxygen0.0531983120572613NN
depletion0.0531983120572613NN
temperature0.0401833161726777NN
flow0NN
extreme0JJ
event0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.186541551960546
WordScorePoS
water0NN
quality0NN
affect0.0184786920895884VB
result0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0NN
faster0RBR
oxygen0NN
depletion0NN
temperature0NN
flow0NN
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.145835886469126
WordScorePoS
water0NN
quality0NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
result0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0NN
faster0RBR
oxygen0NN
depletion0NN
temperature0.207053776511125NN
flow0NN
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN

Each of these impacts has implications for ecosystems including biodiversity and ecosystem services

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.877045129995178
WordScorePoS
impact0.0137637438743113NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
include0VB
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
service0.0127200410376242NN

Although the fundamental physics behind these processes are rather straightforward the specific impacts of climate change on local water resources are difficult to determine

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.64880480017592
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
process0NN
specific0JJ
impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
local0.0145856516935579JJ
water0NN
resource0NN
determine0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.519937041206391
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
process0NN
specific0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
climate0NN
change0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
determine0VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.330838427035218
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
process0NN
specific0.0542519672965169JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
climate0NN
change0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
determine0VB

One reason is that of scale

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.606343926386592
WordScorePoS
scale0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.587597306485182
WordScorePoS
scale0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.535795155209012
WordScorePoS
scale0.0325700316331562NN

Water resources within river basin are determined by local and regional weather patterns and water uses which are often poorly resolved by global climate models if at all considered Todd et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.851573646599137
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
determine0VB
local0.0181797964452808JJ
regional0JJ
weather0NN
pattern0NN
poorly0RB
global0.00936547854413134JJ
climate0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.343548535264143
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
determine0VB
local0.0144336476662975JJ
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weather0NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
poorly0RB
global0.022306853314744JJ
climate0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.270333847315131
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0NN
river0NN
basin0NN
determine0VB
local0.0145856516935579JJ
regional0JJ
weather0.0671298309154199NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
poorly0RB
global0.0375696197697663JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN

The other factor concerns weather and climate patterns and anthropogenic and non anthropogenic changes therein affecting hydrological processes in complex ways which include secondary effects interactions and feedbacks Milly et al

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.816849639055469
WordScorePoS
weather0.0671298309154199NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
process0NN
include0VB
secondary0JJ
effect0NN

For example changes in precipitation and temperature may induce shifts in natural vegetation patterns which will not only affect transpiration but also interception of precipitation and soil moisture

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.752211007531962
WordScorePoS
temperature0.207053776511125NN
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
soil0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.515200944630772
WordScorePoS
temperature0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
soil0.0554128417527413NN

Many other human activities such as deforestation and other land use changes soil degradation withdrawals for agricultural and industrial use and water contamination have profound and often negative impact on the availability and quality of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.718185703967066
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN
deforestation0NN
land0NN
soil0NN
degradation0NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
contamination0NN
profound0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
availability0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.399336434275754
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN
deforestation0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
degradation0.0996453584339239NN
withdrawal0NN
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
contamination0NN
profound0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
availability0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.341960449483085
WordScorePoS
human0.0193783617722719JJ
activity0.0190167691930804NN
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
land0.123873694868802NN
soil0.0528409850971592NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN
withdrawal0NN
agricultural0JJ
industrial0JJ
water0.016202004209163NN
contamination0NN
profound0JJ
impact0.0137637438743113NN
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quality0NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.275965849949814
WordScorePoS
human0.011275328195446JJ
activity0NN
deforestation0NN
land0NN
soil0NN
degradation0NN
withdrawal0NN
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
water0.0377086395700813NN
contamination0NN
profound0JJ
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quality0.022550656390892NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.255154641053492
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
activity0NN
deforestation0NN
land0.0465651203624806NN
soil0.0595900566394012NN
degradation0NN
withdrawal0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
industrial0JJ
water0NN
contamination0NN
profound0.0583416713841148JJ
impact0NN
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quality0.0109267235789154NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN

WWDR Lastly the spatial patterns of water demand are highly variable and changing

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.704269193453426
WordScorePoS
pattern0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
highly0RB
change0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.561958129409273
WordScorePoS
pattern0.0414107553022249NN
water0NN
demand0NN
highly0RB
change0.402565546215053NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.34030000034807
WordScorePoS
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
highly0RB
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Population growth and elevated living standards are creating continuous increase in demand for water in many developing countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.720564338519766
WordScorePoS
population0.0363595928905615NN
growth0NN
live0.0252018374089947VB
standard0NN
create0VB
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water0.556409482163189NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.388321075767908
WordScorePoS
population0.0428212738652355NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
live0.00989353561471291VB
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create0.0695218668857431VB
increase0.00711043475673939NN
demand0NN
water0NN
develop0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316402044445794
WordScorePoS
population0.0144336476662975NN
growth0NN
live0VB
standard0.0409791940864438NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
develop0VB
country0NN

The worldwide trend of urbanization increases the related water demand of cities see Chapter which may increase pressure on nearby water sources as well as the need for costly water transport

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.817027458978639
WordScorePoS
worldwide0RB
urbanization0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
city0NN
pressure0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
transport0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.471319198914415
WordScorePoS
worldwide0RB
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
demand0NN
city0.607697021770652NN
pressure0.055245183797332NN
source0NN
transport0.0747035830159326NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.279376614632008
WordScorePoS
worldwide0RB
urbanization0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
city0NN
pressure0NN
source0NN
transport0.0277064208763707NN

Many tools exist to deal with these issues

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.643912195700714
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
exist0.0599173571845643VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.626653405545698
WordScorePoS
tool0.0542519672965169NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.320811236299224
WordScorePoS
tool0NN
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Statistical and dynamic methods can be used to downscale climate model outputs to the river basin scale

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.669614342445112
WordScorePoS
statistical0JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
river0NN
basin0NN
scale0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.630410265289011
WordScorePoS
statistical0JJ
climate0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
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Computer based simulation models are available also for water quantity and quality modelling

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.896355704000615
WordScorePoS
base0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.349853187665367
WordScorePoS
base0.0199423462679015NN
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Nonetheless the complex relations between climate change ecosystem response water quality water consumption patterns and policy actions are not always fully understood and models that do take account of several of these aspects cannot be easily coupled

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.640334437031885
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
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account0.0181797964452808NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.497693328700135
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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account0.0577345906651901NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.474688548234647
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
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water0NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.151466215382759
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
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water0.016202004209163NN
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action0.0232260916751625NN
fully0RB
account0.0137637438743113NN
aspect0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.120482845350481
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
ecosystem0NN
response0NN
water0NN
quality0.030144637392549NN
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pattern0NN
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The resulting uncertainties are often so high that the outputs from models using downscaling methods for water resources availability have little if any value for decision making necessary for sustainable development such as where to locate or relocate new agricultural residential or industrial development in areas safely out of flood zones yet with adequate water supplies to meet anticipated near and long term future needs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.746481815056824
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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agricultural0JJ
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adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
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meet0VB
term0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.34342628730371
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
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term0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.309418537613886
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
availability0NN
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sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.280577469811317
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
availability0NN
decision0NN
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
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meet0.0881366997038154VB
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future0.0297950283197006NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.214219043920928
WordScorePoS
result0NN
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
availability0.048933054487825NN
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sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
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agricultural0JJ
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flood0NN
adequate0JJ
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meet0VB
term0.149793392961411NN
future0NN

Challenges Some climate induced changes may lead to positive outcomes for local and regional water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.653155384888886
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
climate0NN
lead0NN
positive0JJ
outcome0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
regional0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.368555812233621
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
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local0.0145856516935579JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.290246509326353
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
climate0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
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local0.0144336476662975JJ
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.351351230535218
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
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local0.0194583992186006JJ
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A temperature increase may make water rich high latitude regions and mountain areas potentially more liveable

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.824217880297428
WordScorePoS
temperature0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
region0NN
mountain0.0516150472983178NN
potentially0RB

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.29596553853479
WordScorePoS
temperature0.207053776511125NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
water0NN
region0NN
mountain0NN
potentially0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262437212122184
WordScorePoS
temperature0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
region0NN
mountain0NN
potentially0RB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.24611044002637
WordScorePoS
temperature0NN
increase0NN
water0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
mountain0NN
potentially0RB

Increases in precipitation may alleviate water scarcity in some arid and semi arid regions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.92626713960094
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
region0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.216972695652962
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.203474366950662
WordScorePoS
increase0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
region0.184259548107002NN

Putting proper infrastructure in place for instance to store or reclaim water may help translate these changes to actual positive local impacts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.765258428087793
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
proper0JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
actual0JJ
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local0.0181797964452808JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396814354929682
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
proper0JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN
actual0JJ
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local0.0144336476662975JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.365003401776617
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
proper0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
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positive0.0454743001434393JJ
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However the negative impacts of climate change on freshwater systems will most likely outweigh its benefits

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.864374218388818
WordScorePoS
impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
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freshwater0NN
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Current projections show that freshwater related risks increase significantly with increasing GHG emissions

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.654860340010758
WordScorePoS
current0.0335649154577099JJ
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freshwater0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.36610232229242
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
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freshwater0.0357189919948307NN
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The latter are leading to an exacerbated competition for water among all uses and users affecting regional water energy and food securities IPCC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.733690614063094
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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energy0.0153390539205676NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.443281743721909
WordScorePoS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
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affect0.0166714319731757VB
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energy0.133960988253756NN
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.385762105125586
WordScorePoS
lead0.0383371018038178NN
water0NN
user0NN
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energy0.494617163780726NN
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security0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.255644270669592
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
water0NN
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regional0.0252000451111224JJ
energy0.0130963126055467NN
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security0.0893850849591018NN

Combined with an Adapting to climate variability and change increasing water demand this will create huge challenges for water resources management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.722708028855522
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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resource0.0104991907358033NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.461128934044284
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
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water0NN
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challenge0.0236803262479443NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296710691491518
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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create0.0234335422829798VB
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resource0.0416785799329393NN
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There is wide spectrum of threats to sustainable water resources management related to climate change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.661668659140571
WordScorePoS
wide0.0414107553022249JJ
threat0NN
sustainable0JJ
water0NN
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related0.0168470026160727JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.570389034743534
WordScorePoS
wide0JJ
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.246785992288136
WordScorePoS
wide0JJ
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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management0.0339811641917276NN
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In coastal regions including parts of Bangladesh and much of South East Asia sea level rise threatens salinization of Climate change will affect the natural water balance and water availability in several ways changes in spatiotemporal patterns and variability of precipitation affect the replenishment of water resources coastal aquifers with potential effects on drinking water sources and coastal ecosystems see WWAP Chapter Case study Challenges to freshwater security in the Pacific SIDS focus on saltwater intrusion in Samoa

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780818142253271
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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include0VB
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asia0IN
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freshwater0.041835863322702NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
focus0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.329342052684243
WordScorePoS
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
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focus0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.328896114150606
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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asia0IN
sea0.16782457728855NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
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focus0.0279982034978914NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266467382472309
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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level0.00513687014008325NN
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freshwater0NN
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focus0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.177239606395465
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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security0.0264204925485796NN
focus0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.110703419499111
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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level0.0113874611101829NN
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Many of the biggest and fastest growing megacities are located in coastal areas and are facing combination of threats emerging from increasing flood risk and degradation of essential ecosystem services World Bank Hallegatte et al

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.628631531907359
WordScorePoS
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.428946945829209
WordScorePoS
grow0VB
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face0NN
threat0NN
emerge0VB
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flood0NN
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degradation0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.313487830293449
WordScorePoS
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coastal0JJ
face0NN
threat0NN
emerge0VB
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On the other side of the topographical spectrum tropical and subtropical mountain regions are traditionally poverty pockets because of their physically harsh environmental conditions

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.817072579859708
WordScorePoS
tropical0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.366242465455451
WordScorePoS
tropical0JJ
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region0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
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Melting glaciers drying wetlands deforestation and soil erosion may disrupt mountain ecosystem services hence threatening socioeconomic development and widening the development gap with the surrounding lowlands Viviroli et al

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.795426061330227
WordScorePoS
glacier0NN
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erosion0NN
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The cryosphere where water is frozen provides us with direct visual evidence of temperature changes and is an important contributor to water supplies in many countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.88620294471353
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340877133497478
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.164889054141245
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.13458992160713
WordScorePoS
water0NN
frozen0JJ
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Within populations vulnerability is highly variable

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.72715081899296
WordScorePoS
population0NN
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highly0RB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.5203582148449
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
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But it is clear that climate change will tend to exacerbate existing equality patterns including gender inequality

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.647129761587813
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.587758532693408
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.336947520255184
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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Women are often disproportionately affected by climate change related natural disasters such as floods and droughts

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.752767486355603
WordScorePoS
woman0.0102677744436108NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.269703240342914
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.236893827507485
WordScorePoS
woman0.221979360474357NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.315153633555496
WordScorePoS
woman0.0546336178945768NN
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In addition to the impacts of climate change there are often universal constraints to the development of adaptation actions due to data scarcity poor predictive capacity of socio economic and climate models inadequate decision support mechanisms and limited institutional capacity

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.715798386004879
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.359797438812439
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.293308351404315
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.263589135767809
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0968136290680347
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
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Regarding data the lack of availability and access is well known see Section

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.613027541246094
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.55912885364021
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.391551028583379
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
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The global in situ hydrometeorological network has been in decline since the and large regions mainly in the tropics and subtropics currently have insufficient rain gauge density and in some instances do not provide good quality data WMO

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.504297384013734
WordScorePoS
global0JJ
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.469959805188505
WordScorePoS
global0.013959557403375JJ
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Hydrometeorological monitoring also tends to be concentrated in highly populated regions and economic backbones

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.704248929604757
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.322821328727483
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.359066980185777
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monitor0.0396106020715138NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.313709481039755
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
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While this makes sense from an operational perspective it limits the monitoring and development of untapped resources and contributes to widening the poverty gap

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.642577092157187
WordScorePoS
sense0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.321728744569778
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.321203620788082
WordScorePoS
sense0.064698038783335NN
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New data sources especially satellite observations hold great promise to alleviate the problem of data scarcity for certain hydrological processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696203782630884
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.495414328725242
WordScorePoS
datum0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.370643412978908
WordScorePoS
datum0.0454743001434393NN
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The best results are often obtained by merging in situ data with remotely sensed data sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.502139408484093
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
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However in some cases the collection of in situ data is costly and requires highly trained personnel to collect and verify data especially for groundwater assessment and water quality measurement Hipsey and Arheimer

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788322045439757
WordScorePoS
collection0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344156346064735
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.373857667695265
WordScorePoS
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This scarcity of good quality and relevant data impacts the performance of socio economic hydrological and climate models and thus limits their usefulness and credibility in supporting decision making and policy formulation

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.448293721660757
WordScorePoS
scarcity0NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.399424645242075
WordScorePoS
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.270007229319771
WordScorePoS
scarcity0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.345971911140587
WordScorePoS
scarcity0NN
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From predicting the impact of localized land use changes to global climate projections models provide quantitative estimates of the potential impact of different scenarios using tools such as sensitivity analyses

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.680560921725766
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.393061340234025
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.374732481261618
WordScorePoS
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As such they can help weigh the benefits and costs of different policy options and adaptation or adaptation mitigation scenarios

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.733352392620986
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.374749064244239
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.356787512990486
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But models of the water Emigrant Lake during the drought in Oregon United States Photo Al Case Chapter Addressing critical developmental challenges cycle are still plagued by large uncertainties if not properly calibrated with field data especially in non stationary conditions such as those produced by climate change Beven

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.63174874734478
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.553288868126399
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.323840187648948
WordScorePoS
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There is need to quantify these uncertainties and interpret them in context of managing future risks as well as benefits to support the policy making process Brugnach et al

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.355206394248141
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.344194418569508
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.326592458743509
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.321793165656685
WordScorePoS
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Current institutional aspects of water resources management also often form bottlenecks for effective climate adaptation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.596159066646653
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.534144013224976
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289197971373208
WordScorePoS
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.201722365939709
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For instance inadequately described or enforced water rights may hinder improved access to water for poor and other vulnerable communities in many developing regions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.849780487358873
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.3357101924431
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28391064701608
WordScorePoS
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Also despite the increasing adoption of integrated water resources management IWRM concepts political levels of decision making are still often misaligned with the natural boundaries of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.811343725764388
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377792671116775
WordScorePoS
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This is particularly the case for transboundary river basins and groundwater aquifers

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.996372356165524
WordScorePoS
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Lastly current disaster response and prevention management strategies are often still insufficiently integrated and focus on individual disasters e

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.749778901714226
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN
response0NN
prevention0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
strategy0NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
focus0.0373517915079663NN
individual0JJ

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.348641948232633
WordScorePoS
current0.0335649154577099JJ
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
response0.0548233071065585NN
prevention0NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
integrate0.0201523636533764VB
focus0.0279982034978914NN
individual0JJ

floods or droughts rather than pursuing holistic sustainable development and resilience based approach

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.518046075869796
WordScorePoS
flood0.0316735178673487NN
drought0.0633470357346975NN
pursue0.0517339898971162VB
holistic0JJ
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
resilience0NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
approach0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.363213069559321
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
drought0NN
pursue0VB
holistic0.0731385760866977JJ
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
resilience0.0373517915079663NN
base0NN
approach0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.360153406474218
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
drought0NN
pursue0VB
holistic0JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
resilience0.0614198493690006NN
base0.0442083771593746NN
approach0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.35912315685715
WordScorePoS
flood0.0357189919948307NN
drought0.0714379839896614NN
pursue0VB
holistic0JJ
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
resilience0NN
base0NN
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.319102781755473
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
drought0NN
pursue0VB
holistic0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
resilience0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN

Responses and opportunities

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.546787093140363
WordScorePoS
response0NN
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.545452342373287
WordScorePoS
response0.0548233071065585NN
opportunity0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.35946840261429
WordScorePoS
response0NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN

Adaptive management Adaptation decisions need to be taken now

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.627500986799956
WordScorePoS
adaptive0.0548233071065585JJ
management0.0171695137813101NN
adaptation0.0671298309154199NN
decision0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.511908000272321
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
management0.0687164195125178NN
adaptation0.04477822029736NN
decision0NN

An adaptive approach focusing on robust strategies and low regret or no regret solutions is way to deal with the current uncertainties in climate impact projections Heltberg et al

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.862659022006814
WordScorePoS
adaptive0.0548233071065585JJ
approach0NN
focus0.0279982034978914NN
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
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current0.0335649154577099JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
projection0NN

Adaptive water management aims to move away from predict and control paradigm to one of building resilient communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.755682014659061
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
aim0NN
move0NN
predict0VB
control0NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
resilient0JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353400975841408
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
aim0.0277064208763707NN
move0.0409791940864438NN
predict0VB
control0NN
building0NN
resilient0JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.20166307860577
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
water0NN
management0NN
aim0.0249900578719309NN
move0NN
predict0VB
control0NN
building0.149940347231585NN
resilient0JJ
community0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.304268718860048
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
aim0NN
move0NN
predict0VB
control0NN
building0.0747035830159326NN
resilient0.0747035830159326JJ
community0NN

Strategies under this outdated paradigm include irreversible decisions costly long term infrastructure developments and fixed management strategies

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.555271493198658
WordScorePoS
strategy0.017987180284335NN
include0VB
decision0.0211360962287062NN
term0.149793392961411NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
management0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.468588095225551
WordScorePoS
strategy0NN
include0VB
decision0NN
term0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
management0NN

They do not allow for adjustment and learning

Label: 4, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
learn0.244520809605025VB

Instead adaptive management accepts that irreducible uncertainties exist about future climate change and therefore champions an approach based upon flexibility robustness and resilience and continuous learning

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.817603401357566
WordScorePoS
adaptive0.0548233071065585JJ
management0.0171695137813101NN
exist0VB
future0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
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base0NN
flexibility0NN
resilience0.0279982034978914NN
learn0VB

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.251650813419924
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
management0NN
exist0VB
future0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
approach0NN
base0NN
flexibility0NN
resilience0NN
learn0.244520809605025VB

It aims at creating capacity to respond effectively to changing and uncertain conditions using solutions that are robust under the full range of possible future climate scenarios Pahl Wostl

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.862651417433665
WordScorePoS
aim0NN
create0VB
capacity0.025270503924109NN
effectively0RB
change0.402565546215053NN
condition0NN
solution0.0671298309154199NN
full0JJ
range0.0335649154577099NN
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climate0.291881734282273NN
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No regret interventions are defined as strategies that yield benefits regardless of future trends in climate scenarios

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.867521000686793
WordScorePoS
intervention0NN
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
yield0.0828215106044499NN
benefit0NN
future0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
scenario0.0548233071065585NN

WWDR This approach is particularly useful in areas most vulnerable to climate change such as low lying deltas and other coastal areas fragile mountainous areas and arid and semi arid regions

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.733599779263812
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
vulnerable0.0171695137813101JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
lie0NN
coastal0JJ
fragile0JJ
region0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.469246731439839
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN
lie0NN
coastal0JJ
fragile0.120266261535276JJ
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.34622543178342
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
vulnerable0JJ
climate0.0166605993001162NN
change0NN
lie0.0531983120572613NN
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
fragile0JJ
region0NN

For instance the Himalayas and the Andes have history of intensive land use with cultivation and grazing on steep slopes large scale deforestation and soil degradation

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.86995902000967
WordScorePoS
history0NN
intensive0JJ
land0.123873694868802NN
scale0NN
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
soil0.0528409850971592NN
degradation0.221714625071441NN

These processes affect water resources negatively in terms of both quantity and quality

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.798280450215389
WordScorePoS
process0NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
negatively0RB
term0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.34555289786453
WordScorePoS
process0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
negatively0RB
term0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.255748282978772
WordScorePoS
process0NN
affect0VB
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
negatively0RB
term0.149793392961411NN
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Soil compaction favours surface runoff decreasing the recharge of groundwater aquifers and accelerating the hydrological response and increasing the risk for both floods and droughts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.593700407919752
WordScorePoS
soil0NN
surface0NN
decrease0NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
accelerate0VB
response0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
risk0NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
drought0.041835863322702NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.416246719150146
WordScorePoS
soil0.0528409850971592NN
surface0.0316735178673487NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
accelerate0VB
response0NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
risk0.0223459295604043NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN
drought0.0633470357346975NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.40846277834394
WordScorePoS
soil0.0595900566394012NN
surface0NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
accelerate0VB
response0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
risk0.0252000451111224NN
flood0.0357189919948307NN
drought0.0714379839896614NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.343414776721147
WordScorePoS
soil0NN
surface0NN
decrease0NN
recharge0VB
aquifer0NN
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
response0NN
increase0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
flood0NN
drought0NN

When these impacts are combined with increasing populations in mountainous areas the limits of sustainability may be exceeded in the near future

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.507450102182628
WordScorePoS
impact0.0866018859977851NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
limit0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
exceed0VB
future0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.4943386643375
WordScorePoS
impact0.0437569550806737NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
population0NN
limit0.0335649154577099NN
sustainability0NN
exceed0.0828215106044499VB
future0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.326051722066369
WordScorePoS
impact0.0181797964452808NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
limit0NN
sustainability0NN
exceed0.0516150472983178VB
future0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.309732554924326
WordScorePoS
impact0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
population0.0310434135749871NN
limit0.0357189919948307NN
sustainability0NN
exceed0VB
future0.0297950283197006NN

The interactions between climate change and these issues e

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.937174814319183
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
issue0.0335649154577099NN

soil compaction through intensive land use may affect the speed and magnitude but not the fundamental trend of the impacts

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.586769155917861
WordScorePoS
soil0.0528409850971592NN
intensive0JJ
land0.123873694868802NN
affect0.0397441667210336VB
fundamental0JJ
impact0.0137637438743113NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.441231084261658
WordScorePoS
soil0.0554128417527413NN
intensive0JJ
land0.0144336476662975NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
fundamental0JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.361595211772153
WordScorePoS
soil0.0595900566394012NN
intensive0JJ
land0.0465651203624806NN
affect0VB
fundamental0.0357189919948307JJ
impact0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.324804940121265
WordScorePoS
soil0NN
intensive0JJ
land0NN
affect0.033031539117106VB
fundamental0.0658099748168827JJ
impact0.0285977592242194NN

Hence low regret strategies Jiménez Cisneros et al

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

such as protecting ecosystems that provide clear benefits to water supply enhancing supplies via retention and recharge dams in small water catchments and reducing distribution losses and water requirements are obvious pathways towards increased sustainability and resilient communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852747651381779
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
provide0VB
benefit0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
enhance0VB
supplies0NNS
retention0NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
loss0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
sustainability0NN
resilient0JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373206612392951
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
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benefit0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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enhance0VB
supplies0NNS
retention0NN
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
loss0.0468670845659596NN
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sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
resilient0JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.205689077275794
WordScorePoS
protect0.046452183350325VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
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water0.016202004209163NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
enhance0.0158976666884135VB
supplies0NNS
retention0NN
recharge0VB
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
loss0.0670377886812128NN
increase0.0068563725919103NN
sustainability0NN
resilient0JJ
community0.016202004209163NN

Knowledge generation for policy formulation Amid the variety of water resources adaptation issues enhanced monitoring and evaluation of weather and climate are clearly priorities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.537993544485166
WordScorePoS
knowledge0NN
generation0NN
policy0NN
variety0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
adaptation0NN
issue0NN
enhance0VB
monitor0NN
weather0NN
climate0NN
priority0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.446003097920731
WordScorePoS
knowledge0NN
generation0NN
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variety0NN
water0NN
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adaptation0.0671298309154199NN
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monitor0NN
weather0.0671298309154199NN
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priority0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.384389721873105
WordScorePoS
knowledge0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
variety0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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There is often clear inverse relation between data availability and water resources vulnerability highlighting the need for identifying focus areas that combine high fragility with high complexity of the natural environment and low data availability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.686950839612525
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
datum0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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vulnerability0NN
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natural0.0214003646985842JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.419562662924065
WordScorePoS
relation0NN
datum0NN
availability0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
vulnerability0NN
identify0VB
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natural0.0509717462875914JJ
environment0.079769385071606NN

Examples of such regions are mountains and arid and semi arid regions in low income countries as well as river and groundwater systems that provide ecosystem services to fast growing megacities

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.627645364537568
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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country0NN
river0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
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ecosystem0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
grow0VB

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.344926246340466
WordScorePoS
region0NN
mountain0.0516150472983178NN
income0NN
country0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
system0NN
provide0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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grow0VB

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.332901081740508
WordScorePoS
region0NN
mountain0.0781544824456958NN
income0NN
country0NN
river0NN
system0NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
grow0.016202004209163VB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.25049047193894
WordScorePoS
region0NN
mountain0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
country0NN
river0NN
system0NN
provide0VB
ecosystem0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
grow0.0405241466500776VB

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.324963045114335
WordScorePoS
region0.0297950283197006NN
mountain0NN
income0.0643370113878709NN
country0NN
river0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
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ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
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grow0.0182713919265625VB

Investments should focus on strengthening traditional monitoring networks i

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.634175011572184
WordScorePoS
investment0.0766240489430275NN
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traditional0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.325240043034733
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
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in situ based on robust low cost easy to maintain technology because of their proven track record of generating data and information to support scientific knowledge generation

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.537186367884306
WordScorePoS
base0.017987180284335NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.501877450623676
WordScorePoS
base0NN
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generation0.0909486002868787NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.355470049100226
WordScorePoS
base0.058665107245718NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.331520789308806
WordScorePoS
base0NN
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At the same time exploration and support for new forms of data collection would help build the knowledge base and broaden the understanding of trends

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.503287170243278
WordScorePoS
time0NN
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broaden0.107490825192354VB

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.541903589699655
WordScorePoS
time0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.402803532847445
WordScorePoS
time0NN
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Remote sensing technologies have high initial cost but can provide observational data in traditionally data scarce areas

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.629046581774372
WordScorePoS
sense0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.571635883236318
WordScorePoS
sense0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.311966142642472
WordScorePoS
sense0.064698038783335NN
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The advent of cheap electronics networking technology and personal devices including widespread access to mobile phone services and cloud computing based data analytics also enable the installation of distributed sensor networks often in way that involves local actors in the data collection and knowledge generation process

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.561590890506301
WordScorePoS
technology0.109843026967392NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.541021197168518
WordScorePoS
technology0.0810848128688654NN
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Such Adapting to climate variability and change citizen science Gura has the added benefit of bringing generators and users of knowledge closer together

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Nonetheless the validation and tailoring of the data for water management decision making systems is still an outstanding challenge to be met

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There is also challenge to collect data and improve understanding of interactions and feedbacks between the water cycle and other natural and human processes such as the carbon cycle population growth food production energy consumption and ecosystem services

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Data analysis and simulation methods still have long way to go to enable the formulation and evaluation of adaptation practices

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Translating policy options into model parameterizations is in itself very uncertain and difficult process which may be complicated further by model uncertainties and deficiencies

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Capacity building of technicians water managers and policy makers is another priority to optimize the creation of actionable knowledge

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The exploitation of new data sources better models and more powerful data analysis methods as well as the design of adaptive management strategies will require new skills and continuous education

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Again focused attention on data sparse and vulnerable and deprived areas would greatly help to bridge the traditional knowledge divide

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Communication of available environmental and socioeconomic observations insights and predictions with their uncertainties is critical to the implementation of successful policies

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New technologies for visualization and communication of data and simulations infographics are emerging Spiegelhalter et al

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which allow for two way interaction and interactive scenario analysis

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Climate information and services including data diagnostics assessments monitoring predictions and projections that users need for broad range of climatesensitive decisions at different levels are required at national and local scales

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There is need for the implementation of process of knowledge co generation in which science listens and reacts to the needs of decision makers who in turn try to understand the limits of science and accept to integrate its outcomes in the decision making process e

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Buytaert et al

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This will provide much better support for adaptive governance of water resources in addition to information from continuous monitoring and the build in ability to flexibly change the course of adaptation

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Lastly institutional development holds promise for improving climate change adaptation

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In particular the strong interaction of climate change with other natural and socio economic change highlights the need for more integrated approach for instance by merging sustainable development with disaster response and humanitarian aid

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Creating forums of water users public authorities and other relevant stakeholders at the basin scale could achieve more inclusive approach to consultation coordination and efficient decision making

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Together with transparent criteria and priorities for water allocation and planning especially under conditions of scarcity these are potential shortterm solutions to increase environmental sustainability and societal resilience complementing enhanced monitoring and scientific knowledge generation as longer term objectives

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Addressing critical developmental challenges PART Regions Chapters

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Europe and North America

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Asia and the Pacific

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The Arab region

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Latin America and the Caribbean

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Africa Walking through the Potato Park in Pisaq Cusco Peru Photo Manon Koningstein CIAT WWDR Chapter title The challenges interlinkages and opportunities described throughout the previous chapters of this report are presented from global perspective

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However the challenges at the interface of water and sustainable development can vary considerably from one region to another

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Part of the report examines the challenges and opportunities most relevant to specific regions of the world

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The five regional chapters cover Europe and North America Asia and the Pacific the Arab region Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa

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The delineation of the five regions follows the regional division of the United Nations regional economic commissions UNECE UNESCAP UNESCWA UNECLAC and UNECA maps of the Member States can be found in the fourth edition of the WWDR WWAP

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For the Arab region and Africa chapters it was decided that all the Arab countries would be reported on in the Arab region chapter rather than having some of them included in the Africa chapter

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REGIONS Europe and North America UNECE | Annukka Lipponen and Nicholas Bonvoisin Many countries in the UNECE region have high levels of economic development and per capita resource use which exert increasing pressure on natural resources

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WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
north0RB
country0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
capita0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
exert0VB
increase0NN
pressure0NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.223545629777353
WordScorePoS
region0NN
north0RB
country0NN
level0.00761994916892276NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
capita0.049270765107907NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
exert0VB
increase0.00711043475673939NN
pressure0NN
natural0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.346360154301377
WordScorePoS
region0NN
north0RB
country0NN
level0.00692515656684925NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
capita0.04477822029736NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
exert0.0731385760866977VB
increase0.00323105002784081NN
pressure0.055245183797332NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ

At the same time poverty is widespread in the eastern part of the pan European region South Eastern Europe Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia where economic development is priority

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.739990295377925
WordScorePoS
time0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
eastern0JJ
region0.184259548107002NN
south0RB
central0JJ
asia0IN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
priority0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.269303547632377
WordScorePoS
time0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
eastern0JJ
region0NN
south0RB
central0JJ
asia0IN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
priority0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.362147018839634
WordScorePoS
time0.0127591822694525NN
poverty0.00914534810831654NN
eastern0.0407408489778079JJ
region0.124837844401518NN
south0RB
central0JJ
asia0IN
economic0JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
priority0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.313245045875198
WordScorePoS
time0.0607862199751165NN
poverty0.05809266143877NN
eastern0JJ
region0NN
south0RB
central0JJ
asia0IN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
priority0NN

In both cases the main challenges are increasing resource use efficiency reducing waste influencing consumption patterns and choosing appropriate technologies

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.738193854962881
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
waste0.138532104381853NN
influence0.0542519672965169NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
technology0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.394444566010471
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
resource0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
waste0.0625160381065121NN
influence0NN
consumption0NN
pattern0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.243019987676723
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
waste0NN
influence0NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
pattern0NN
technology0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.352195018105804
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
increase0.00323105002784081NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
efficiency0.0537696560159885NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
waste0.0373517915079663NN
influence0NN
consumption0.08955644059472NN
pattern0NN
technology0NN

There is friction between water use sectors in many basins in the region UNECE

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.873011779561081
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
region0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.275474426059042
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
basin0NN
region0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.248955533984871
WordScorePoS
water0NN
sector0NN
basin0NN
region0.184259548107002NN

The challenge is to look beyond water to other sectors and address the need for more integration and coherence of sectoral policies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788183495524824
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
integration0NN
coherence0NN
policy0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.350469378655913
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
water0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
integration0NN
coherence0.146799163463475NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.305840162776451
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
integration0NN
coherence0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN

Reconciling different water uses at the basin level and improving policy coherence nationally and across borders will be priorities for many years to come

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.844874457139258
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
policy0NN
coherence0NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313649164434999
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
basin0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
improve0VB
policy0.0203215381458133NN
coherence0NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.301077989855522
WordScorePoS
water0NN
basin0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
policy0.0641521854453136NN
coherence0.146799163463475NN
nationally0RB
border0NN
priority0NN

Management of the nitrogen cycle has been identified as major challenge across most of the region and improving the handling of nutrients in agriculture plays key role in addressing the related problems

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.39821850165387
WordScorePoS
management0NN
cycle0NN
identify0VB
major0JJ
challenge0NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
nutrient0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
address0NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.337259567091092
WordScorePoS
management0NN
cycle0NN
identify0VB
major0JJ
challenge0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
improve0VB
nutrient0NN
agriculture0NN
key0NN
address0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.336238219111112
WordScorePoS
management0.0687164195125178NN
cycle0NN
identify0VB
major0JJ
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
region0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
nutrient0NN
agriculture0NN
key0NN
address0NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.335505811198026
WordScorePoS
management0.0499817979003487NN
cycle0NN
identify0.0531983120572613VB
major0JJ
challenge0NN
region0NN
improve0.00996343157341984VB
nutrient0.0531983120572613NN
agriculture0NN
key0.0271683202880942NN
address0NN
related0.0081738237776987JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.316730731518471
WordScorePoS
management0.0486060126274891NN
cycle0NN
identify0VB
major0.0137637438743113JJ
challenge0.0223459295604043NN
region0NN
improve0VB
nutrient0NN
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
key0.0528409850971592NN
address0NN
related0JJ

Diffuse agricultural pollution poses significant pressure on of the European Union EU water bodies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.81512374303293
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
pose0VB
significant0JJ
pressure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.3895241157473
WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
pollution0NN
pose0VB
significant0JJ
pressure0.0440683498519077NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.278572681234429
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
pose0VB
significant0JJ
pressure0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

The EU water blueprint also identifies the need to tackle diffuse pollution using different approaches to accommodate the wide range of agricultural systems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.769466189560004
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
identify0VB
tackle0VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
approach0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
agricultural0JJ
system0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.407128897817342
WordScorePoS
water0NN
identify0VB
tackle0VB
pollution0NN
approach0NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.330798525461772
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
identify0VB
tackle0VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
wide0JJ
range0NN
agricultural0JJ
system0NN

The greening of agriculture which also includes improving water use efficiency in agriculture especially in South Eastern Europe Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia while taking account of the potential impacts of climate change is therefore the second key priority for the region sustainability

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.500818652909568
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
include0VB
improve0.0102677744436108VB
water0NN
efficiency0NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
account0NN
potential0NN
impact0.0437569550806737NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
key0NN
priority0NN
region0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.464502244095293
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
include0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
account0.0181797964452808NN
potential0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
climate0NN
change0NN
key0NN
priority0NN
region0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.358384814745544
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
include0VB
improve0.0218534471578307VB
water0NN
efficiency0NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0.0440683498519077JJ
asia0IN
account0NN
potential0NN
impact0NN
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
key0.0297950283197006NN
priority0NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.357083348160885
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
include0VB
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0.0924643738905717JJ
asia0IN
account0NN
potential0NN
impact0NN
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
key0.0625160381065121NN
priority0NN
region0NN
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340240748507735
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
include0VB
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
account0.0577345906651901NN
potential0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
climate0NN
change0NN
key0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
region0NN
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.14849438750004
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
include0VB
improve0VB
water0NN
efficiency0NN
south0RB
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
account0NN
potential0NN
impact0NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN
key0NN
priority0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
sustainability0NN

Coordination between users Well functioning coordination at different levels from national to river basin and sub basin and joint planning involving different interests are important for sustainable management of water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.808195862772213
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
user0NN
function0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
national0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
plan0NN
involve0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.360665594897489
WordScorePoS
coordination0NN
user0NN
function0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
involve0.0819583881728876VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.312142169517933
WordScorePoS
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
user0.048933054487825NN
function0.036961556179878NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
national0.0134132459226336JJ
river0NN
basin0NN
plan0.0130185595639838NN
involve0VB
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
management0NN
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN

In Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia EECCA intersectoral coordination mechanisms for water resource use have been established in Armenia Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan and Ukraine and are being established in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan UNECE OECD

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.713392214561836
WordScorePoS
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
coordination0NN
mechanism0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
establish0VB
oecd0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.479661549983245
WordScorePoS
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
establish0.048933054487825VB
oecd0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.424176744845261
WordScorePoS
eastern0JJ
central0JJ
asia0IN
coordination0NN
mechanism0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
establish0VB
oecd0.108503934593034NN

In this sub region regular national Windmill farm in Mid Michigan United States Photo Mike Boening Photography WWDR Europe and North America meetings under the European Union Water Initiative National Policy Dialogues provide for intersectoral exchange on major water policy developments UNECE

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.763907732797648
WordScorePoS
region0NN
regular0JJ
national0JJ
farm0NN
unite0VB
north0RB
water0.556409482163189NN
initiative0NN
policy0NN
provide0VB
major0JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.323750970942465
WordScorePoS
region0NN
regular0JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
farm0NN
unite0VB
north0RB
water0.186896403054502NN
initiative0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
major0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.251937566546852
WordScorePoS
region0.0297950283197006NN
regular0JJ
national0.00399807039435538JJ
farm0.291708356920574NN
unite0VB
north0RB
water0NN
initiative0NN
policy0NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
major0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.242580419520592
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
regular0JJ
national0.0164833460638534JJ
farm0NN
unite0VB
north0RB
water0NN
initiative0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
major0JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN

A number of policy packages have been adopted as result of such intersectoral consultation

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.566689580832865
WordScorePoS
policy0.0848203862485078NN
adopt0.0202620733250388VB
result0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.428604215182486
WordScorePoS
policy0.0641521854453136NN
adopt0.0153248097886055VB
result0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.368505018066546
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
adopt0VB
result0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.33814859641669
WordScorePoS
policy0.0341506708422088NN
adopt0.0285529457667019VB
result0NN

In Turkmenistan for example an inter ministerial expert group drafted new National Well functioning coordination at different levels from national to river basin and sub basin and joint planning involving different interests are important for sustainable management of water resources Water Code in line with the UNECE Water Convention and principles of IWRM EU OECD and UNECE

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.870172208795416
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
national0JJ
function0NN
coordination0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
plan0NN
involve0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
line0NN
convention0NN
principle0NN
oecd0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385438359962407
WordScorePoS
inter0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
function0NN
coordination0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
involve0.0819583881728876VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
line0NN
convention0NN
principle0NN
oecd0.108503934593034NN

Incompatible sectoral objectives unintended consequences of resource management and trade offs between sectors may result in friction and possibly conflict

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.499955760185155
WordScorePoS
objective0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
trade0NN
sector0NN
result0NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.3785915700276
WordScorePoS
objective0.0299586785922821NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
management0NN
trade0.0539615408530051NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
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conflict0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.330719451312043
WordScorePoS
objective0NN
resource0.0572167664438909NN
management0.0499817979003487NN
trade0.0391100714971453NN
sector0NN
result0NN
conflict0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.323315031751587
WordScorePoS
objective0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
trade0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
conflict0NN

This is especially the case in transboundary settings where intersectoral coordination and steps to address negative intersectoral impacts or capitalize on potential synergies between sectors are even more challenging

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.467862988876084
WordScorePoS
transboundary0JJ
setting0VBG
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
impact0NN
potential0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
challenge0NN

An assessment of the water food energy ecosystems nexus is being carried out in selected transboundary river basins under the UNECE Water Convention in close cooperation with national administrations to strengthen the basis for decision making through knowledge dialogue and joint identification of solutions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.796579851834262
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
convention0NN
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
national0JJ
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
basis0NN
decision0NN
knowledge0NN
solution0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.409582569464263
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
transboundary0JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
convention0NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
basis0NN
decision0NN
knowledge0NN
solution0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.284542199435943
WordScorePoS
water0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
ecosystem0NN
transboundary0JJ
river0NN
basin0NN
convention0NN
cooperation0.0229264916384433NN
national0JJ
strengthen0VB
basis0NN
decision0NN
knowledge0NN
solution0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.229343536171709
WordScorePoS
water0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
transboundary0JJ
river0NN
basin0NN
convention0NN
cooperation0.0109267235789154NN
national0.00399807039435538JJ
strengthen0.00717234893041658VB
basis0NN
decision0NN
knowledge0.0595900566394012NN
solution0.0357189919948307NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.101269556632342
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
food0.016202004209163NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
transboundary0JJ
river0NN
basin0NN
convention0NN
cooperation0NN
national0.00354525553489471JJ
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basis0NN
decision0NN
knowledge0NN
solution0NN

Solutions might include adjustments to policies management and coordination measures and operation of infrastructure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.539164160071249
WordScorePoS
solution0.0368585655748969NN
include0VB
policy0.011275328195446NN
management0NN
coordination0NN
measure0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.392672271808168
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
include0VB
policy0.0641521854453136NN
management0NN
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
measure0NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.371520091600825
WordScorePoS
solution0.0671298309154199NN
include0VB
policy0.0102677744436108NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
coordination0NN
measure0.0710409787438328NN
infrastructure0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.334137173567726
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
include0VB
policy0.0450489732120807NN
management0NN
coordination0NN
measure0.103895385378356NN
infrastructure0NN

In the Alazani Ganikh River basin shared by Azerbaijan and Georgia deforestation caused by extraction of biomass for fuel results in the degradation of ecosystems and their services as well as aggravation of sedimentation

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.71596414022001
WordScorePoS
river0NN
basin0NN
share0.016202004209163NN
deforestation0.103467979794232NN
cause0.0316735178673487NN
fuel0NN
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degradation0.221714625071441NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.524786427874572
WordScorePoS
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
share0NN
deforestation0NN
cause0NN
fuel0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
degradation0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Energy policy and notably gasification and electrification of rural areas were identified in nexus assessment as potential tools in mitigating the situation UNECE

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.775011104530007
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
policy0NN
notably0RB
rural0JJ
identify0VB
potential0NN
tool0NN
situation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326750788542505
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
notably0RB
rural0JJ
identify0VB
potential0NN
tool0.0542519672965169NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.2934339973604
WordScorePoS
energy0.0130963126055467NN
policy0NN
notably0RB
rural0.148975141598503JJ
identify0VB
potential0NN
tool0NN
situation0.0252000451111224NN

Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.670513595593784
WordScorePoS
convention0NN
protection0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
international0.00301873916506525JJ
lake0.103230094596636NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.492194953510049
WordScorePoS
convention0NN
protection0.122839698738001NN
transboundary0JJ
international0.00531301439641424JJ
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.345997524666534
WordScorePoS
convention0.0828215106044499NN
protection0NN
transboundary0JJ
international0.00726580379728728JJ
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The amendments to Articles and entered into force on February turning the Convention into legal framework for transboundary water cooperation open for accession by countries outside the UNECE region

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.794454682349872
WordScorePoS
enter0VB
force0NN
convention0NN
legal0JJ
framework0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
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cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.291695129839872
WordScorePoS
enter0VB
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convention0NN
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water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.288402371166983
WordScorePoS
enter0VB
force0NN
convention0NN
legal0JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN
transboundary0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
country0NN
region0NN

Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin Protocol on Navigation Regime Protocol on the Prevention of Water Pollution caused by Navigation Protocol on Flood Protection

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881086286181076
WordScorePoS
framework0NN
agreement0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
regime0NN
prevention0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
cause0NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303588819978931
WordScorePoS
framework0.028867295332595NN
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river0.0409791940864438NN
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regime0NN
prevention0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
cause0NN
flood0NN
protection0NN

Chapter An institutional and legal framework is needed to provide basis for addressing intersectoral issues Beisheim

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.545582084226322
WordScorePoS
institutional0.0828215106044499JJ
legal0JJ
framework0.0291713033871158NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.505587854857591
WordScorePoS
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
legal0JJ
framework0.0130185595639838NN
provide0.00601568197638796VB
basis0.048933054487825NN
address0NN
issue0.0299586785922821NN

Transboundary cooperation in the Sava River basin underpinned by the basin framework agreement and the International Sava River Basin Commission covers navigation sustainable water management river tourism and hazards

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.93055144227098
WordScorePoS
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
river0.206460189193271NN
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framework0NN
agreement0NN
international0.00301873916506525JJ
commission0NN
cover0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
tourism0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.271992823903715
WordScorePoS
transboundary0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
agreement0NN
international0.0023966944644375JJ
commission0NN
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
tourism0.0332151194779746NN
hazard0NN

This permanent mechanism provides platform for transboundary coordination of developing joint integrated plans for the basin

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.725377640643198
WordScorePoS
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
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transboundary0JJ
coordination0.0978661089756501NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.453576271870545
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
platform0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
coordination0NN
develop0VB
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.314409185319985
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
platform0NN
transboundary0JJ
coordination0NN
develop0VB
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The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River in cooperation with the Sava River Basin Commission and the Danube Navigation Commission coordinated process of intensive crosssectoral consensus building between stakeholders which led to the adoption of the Joint Statement on Guiding Principles for the Development of Inland Navigation and Environmental Protection in the Danube River Basin ICPDR SRBC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.711231174605406
WordScorePoS
international0.00301873916506525JJ
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river0.206460189193271NN
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inland0RB
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.320701620072175
WordScorePoS
international0.00648516099948979JJ
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river0NN
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process0NN
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lead0NN
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inland0RB
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Formalized cooperation involving different users of water resources can help to better inform decisions and reduce friction between different sectoral objectives

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.766569458612324
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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decision0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.449803150511572
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
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user0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
decision0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
objective0NN

However reaching effective and balanced intersectoral governance is complex and solutions have high degree of context specificity

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.745768841972535
WordScorePoS
reach0NN
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governance0NN
solution0.0671298309154199NN
degree0.164469921319675NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.579116621749397
WordScorePoS
reach0.0658099748168827NN
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The case of the Rhone River demonstrates that even in the context of increased cooperation between actors the consideration of governance at the river basin scale and the inclusion of growing number of water users the governance challenge is such that agreements adopted in sectoral perspective do not guarantee more integrated and coherent management of river Bréthaut and Pflieger

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.856061618469713
WordScorePoS
river0.206460189193271NN
context0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
actor0NN
governance0NN
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scale0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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guarantee0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317132364649575
WordScorePoS
river0.0409791940864438NN
context0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN
governance0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Greening agricultural practices Many governments in the UNECE region have started to reorient their policies to take into account the environmental consequences of food and agriculture production and consumption

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.664841964942942
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
practice0.0703006268489394NN
government0NN
region0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
production0.118934074671047NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.609522441249258
WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
practice0.0252000451111224NN
government0NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
policy0NN
account0NN
environmental0JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
consumption0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.20809172918686
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
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government0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
account0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
food0NN
agriculture0NN
production0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.20771255135963
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
government0NN
region0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
account0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
food0NN
agriculture0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN

In the pursuit of green growth strategies the OECD has compiled examples of green growth policies for agriculture including Environmental regulations and standards e

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.608094216303273
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
strategy0.0295821503613099NN
oecd0NN
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environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
regulation0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.232475607159996
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
strategy0NN
oecd0NN
policy0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
include0VB
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regulation0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.501280026292909
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
strategy0NN
oecd0NN
policy0.0848203862485078NN
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include0VB
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standard0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.377520550834971
WordScorePoS
green0.0332151194779746JJ
growth0NN
strategy0NN
oecd0.108503934593034NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
include0VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
regulation0NN
standard0.0409791940864438NN

for controlling agro chemical use Support measures targeting environmental outcomes or environment friendly production practices and public investments in green technologies and pplication of economic instruments such as charges on use of environmentally damaging inputs

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.334816435133988
WordScorePoS
control0NN
agro0IN
chemical0NN
support0.024730129581725NN
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environment0.0591643007226199NN
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technology0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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input0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.452139161243388
WordScorePoS
control0NN
agro0IN
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
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environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
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green0.0332151194779746JJ
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input0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.369353743915455
WordScorePoS
control0.0614198493690006NN
agro0IN
chemical0NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
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target0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
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input0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.342606993957443
WordScorePoS
control0NN
agro0IN
chemical0NN
support0.0451108483130998NN
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public0.0390556786919513NN
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technology0.109843026967392NN
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input0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.30313021523847
WordScorePoS
control0.0465610847355851NN
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environmental0JJ
outcome0.0465610847355851NN
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practice0.0393804437159645NN
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input0NN

Pressures are also mounting to modernize agriculture in Central Asia where some gradual crop diversification is observed and efforts are being made to reduce water losses in the extensive and ageing infrastructure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.674144413019421
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
agriculture0NN
central0JJ
asia0IN
crop0NN
diversification0NN
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reduce0.00936547854413134VB
water0.556409482163189NN
loss0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.360930777266344
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
central0JJ
asia0IN
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
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loss0.0468670845659596NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.342118640304593
WordScorePoS
pressure0.0440683498519077NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
central0.0440683498519077JJ
asia0IN
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reduce0.00799614078871077VB
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infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.339684476030693
WordScorePoS
pressure0NN
agriculture0NN
central0JJ
asia0IN
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diversification0.0454743001434393NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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infrastructure0.192202909044225NN

In Kazakhstan REGIONS the Presidential Decree on Transition to Green Economy Government of Kazakhstan sets ambitious targets for improving water efficiency in different uses including agriculture and these are echoed in the new State Programme on the Management of Water Resources Government of Kazakhstan

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.791339314070463
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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improve0.0511916925627245VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346935359891557
WordScorePoS
region0NN
green0.0332151194779746JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.17590587158325
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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programme0.0269969049497485NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.167904032417451
WordScorePoS
region0.0297950283197006NN
green0JJ
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set0NN
target0.0357189919948307NN
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agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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resource0.0358563662904843NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.152923654648146
WordScorePoS
region0NN
green0JJ
economy0.0625160381065121NN
government0NN
set0NN
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improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
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encouraged farmers to switch to high efficiency irrigation systems by providing subsidies and long term low interest loans

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.558836492705416
WordScorePoS
encouraged0JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.410019191154905
WordScorePoS
encouraged0.048933054487825JJ
farmer0NN
switch0NN
efficiency0NN
irrigation0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
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term0.149793392961411NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.381083910603011
WordScorePoS
encouraged0JJ
farmer0NN
switch0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
irrigation0NN
system0NN
provide0VB
subsidy0NN
term0.0749457204978913NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.349191817837205
WordScorePoS
encouraged0JJ
farmer0NN
switch0NN
efficiency0NN
irrigation0NN
system0.0229784274580034NN
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subsidy0.162850158165781NN
term0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327784887651283
WordScorePoS
encouraged0JJ
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switch0.0542519672965169NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
irrigation0NN
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provide0.0200087191734851VB
subsidy0.0664302389559493NN
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This policy has resulted in major change in irrigation behaviour and irrigation efficiency EEA

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.743581411606378
WordScorePoS
policy0.0102677744436108NN
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major0.0291713033871158JJ
change0.402565546215053NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.409050819170324
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
result0NN
major0.0325677023224526JJ
change0.105749654845006NN
irrigation0NN
behaviour0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.331957573128563
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
major0JJ
change0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
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efficiency0.0502364757923669NN

However improved irrigation efficiency may lead to the expansion of irrigated area instead of increased flows in rivers

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.717825181708653
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
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increase0.00905621749519576NN
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river0.206460189193271NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.41383525443122
WordScorePoS
improve0.0229264916384433VB
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efficiency0.134992154141495NN
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increase0.0162235147372888NN
flow0NN
river0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.306823659150549
WordScorePoS
improve0.0273960270556257VB
irrigation0NN
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flow0NN
river0NN

The reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy CAP for the post period may significantly alter water use in agriculture in the EU

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.655595222967503
WordScorePoS
reform0NN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0NN
post0NN
period0NN
significantly0RB
water0.556409482163189NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.522059389314723
WordScorePoS
reform0NN
common0JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
policy0NN
post0NN
period0.0440683498519077NN
significantly0RB
water0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373370375531261
WordScorePoS
reform0NN
common0JJ
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Other EU instruments such as crosscompliance which links certain CAP payments with specific environmental requirements and rural development funding have had positive impact in supporting policy objectives to improve water quantity and quality

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Wastewater reuse is recognized to have considerable potential in many EU Member States but is constrained by lack of standards and concerns about its safety and its possible effect on the sale of crops

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The EU Roadmap to Resource Efficient Europe requires that by water abstraction should stay below of available renewable water resources

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In the face of predicted scarcity increases the EU water blueprint EC refers to number of measures and tools to increase water efficiency including volumetric water pricing innovation water efficiency targets and leakage reduction

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The EU Water Framework Directive EU provides criteria for establishing water pricing schemes and introduces the concepts of cost recovery the polluter pays principle and incentive pricing

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Charging for agricultural water use can have significant impact on reducing water use but implementation faces constraints including lack of appropriate tariff structures societal resistance and concerns about impacts on food prices ARCADIS et al

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In the United States despite gradual improvement of water use efficiency in irrigation in the past few decades with the adoption of gravity and pressure sprinkler based systems at least half of irrigated cropland is still irrigated traditionally

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Also more than of irrigators do not evaluate crop irrigation requirements using more efficient on farm water management practices such as moisture sensing devices and commercial irrigation scheduling services Schaible and Marcel

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After long debate to address different concerns around agricultural interests government spending and support for provision of water for the poor the country passed Farm Bill in February known officially as the Agricultural Act of

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The bill expanded crop insurance for farmers eliminated crop subsidy that had been paid whether or not crops were grown cut the food stamp budget Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program by US

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billion over ten year period and introduced new soil conservation measures

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The Mediterranean region is among the most waterscarce areas in pan Europe

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In Cyprus the government has Under EU rural development regulation an investment resulting in an increase of the irrigated area is only eligible in situations where the river basin management plan did not identify undue water quantity pressures

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The Presidency revised consolidated text of the proposed EAFRD Regulation COM EC

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The Agricultural Act of of the United States Congress

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nytimes

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com us politics senate passes long stalled farm bill

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org en research and analysis blogs stateline congress oks food stamp cuts in farm bill WWDR Europe and North America Asia and the Pacific UNESCAP | Kelly Anne Hayden Donovan Storey Jeremy Tormos Espinoza and Salmah Zakaria The heavily populated Asia Pacific region faces challenges associated with water related disaster risk reduction in the context of climate change accelerated urbanization and the quality and quantity of available water supplies

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These three issues are examined detail in the sections below

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The region challenges concerning water and sustainable development however are by no means limited to those covered in this report

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For example intensified industrial development and growing energy demand will add to already existing pressure on water resources in the region

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Individually and together these challenges create significant obstacles to sustainable development Although some progress has been made in terms of access to improved drinking water people using improved water supplies increased by Southern Asia and in Eastern Asia between and nearly

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billion people in the region with more than half of these living in rural areas still did not have access to improved sanitation in WHO and UNICEF

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sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.457901963823245
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.378226980836525
WordScorePoS
people0.0257736572183839NNS
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Water related disasters Asia and the Pacific is one of the most disaster prone regions in the world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.779080115473926
WordScorePoS
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world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.40396957056784
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
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world0.00626002771693937NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.329384985953486
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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asia0IN
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.212918898625499
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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asia0IN
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world0.00464349782489754NN

In over people died from waterrelated disasters in the region accounting for of all water related disaster deaths globally

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.738524825408143
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
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globally0RB

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.384031477983365
WordScorePoS
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globally0RB

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.359484562745981
WordScorePoS
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globally0RB

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.293788823712521
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
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disaster0.0519476926891779NN
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accounting0NN
water0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
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globally0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.177060054661595
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
die0VB
disaster0NN
region0NN
accounting0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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globally0RB

Economic losses totalled more than US

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.455521792753115
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
loss0NN
total0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.485914860484252
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.366210925041036
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.340372132728427
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
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billion CRED

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Exposure of people and assets to hydrometeorological hazards has been growing over the past few decades

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.658203452733362
WordScorePoS
exposure0NN
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asset0NN
hazard0.0548233071065585NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.497463695618061
WordScorePoS
exposure0.120266261535276NN
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hazard0NN
grow0VB
decade0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.300486622330347
WordScorePoS
exposure0NN
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hazard0NN
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With urbanization people and increasingly valuable economic assets are located in hazard prone areas such as floodplains UNESCAP UNISDR

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.565633381068406
WordScorePoS
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.390844733128185
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
people0.0106656521351091NNS
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asset0NN
hazard0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.443470746856949
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
people0.00571634317201755NNS
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hazard0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.374134272052253
WordScorePoS
urbanization0NN
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asset0NN
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Climate change see Chapter is likely to increase the incidence and severity of extreme events with some projections including an increase in the frequency of years The Mekong Delta is set to face more extreme weather conditions Photo G

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.714454671455341
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.570146136084217
WordScorePoS
climate0.0376648791150643NN
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Smith CIAT Chapter REGIONS with above normal monsoon rainfall or extremely low rainfall IPCC

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.803472845684744
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.544361576487689
WordScorePoS
region0.124837844401518NN

Melting glaciers will affect water supplies creating risks of glacial lake outburst floods and downstream flooding for some regions and in the long term leading to an overall reduction in water supplies from snow cover and glacial runoff World Bank

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.807129946608141
WordScorePoS
glacier0NN
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snow0NN
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world0.00438651305628668NN
bank0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346373606243751
WordScorePoS
glacier0.0542519672965169NN
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flooding0NN
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snow0NN
cover0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.194479973586592
WordScorePoS
glacier0NN
affect0.0184786920895884VB
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lake0NN
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snow0NN
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world0.00257343720272548NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.120096310298495
WordScorePoS
glacier0NN
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water0NN
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create0VB
risk0NN
lake0NN
flood0NN
flooding0NN
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term0.149793392961411NN
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bank0.036961556179878NN

Over the long term drought will become an even more serious concern particularly given the already strained water access issues IPCC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.870300753945722
WordScorePoS
term0NN
drought0.041835863322702NN
strain0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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issue0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.271942885168061
WordScorePoS
term0NN
drought0NN
strain0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.262852791938677
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
drought0NN
strain0NN
water0NN
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Governments have been working towards making their countries and societies more resilient but much more work is needed

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.533081675890471
WordScorePoS
government0NN
country0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.51432764707845
WordScorePoS
government0NN
country0NN
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resilient0.0922368138456871JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.381843990917992
WordScorePoS
government0.048933054487825NN
country0NN
society0.0359743605686701NN
resilient0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.335955514081985
WordScorePoS
government0NN
country0NN
society0NN
resilient0.0747035830159326JJ

In many countries national policies are not well implemented measures to protect the most vulnerable are often lacking and institutional capacity to handle disasters are at times weak UNESCAP UNISDR

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.417609078188244
WordScorePoS
country0NN
national0.00501208088147356JJ
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institutional0JJ
capacity0.0112376090361851NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
time0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.594082528192398
WordScorePoS
country0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN
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vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
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institutional0JJ
capacity0NN
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
time0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.331855827937847
WordScorePoS
country0NN
national0.0112708859309299JJ
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vulnerable0.0171695137813101JJ
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Some governments have been working towards better integrating disaster risk reduction into development strategies through their development plans

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.67330725119256
WordScorePoS
government0NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
disaster0.157957029085893NN
risk0.0631828116343571NN
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development0.0100241617629471NN
strategy0NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.320647890174843
WordScorePoS
government0NN
integrate0VB
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
reduction0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
strategy0.0442083771593746NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.307828844238641
WordScorePoS
government0.048933054487825NN
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disaster0NN
risk0NN
reduction0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
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The governments of Bangladesh China and Indonesia have been consistently investing in disaster risk reduction as they recognize that disasters can undo hard earned development gains and cause longterm economic and social damage UNESCAP

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.642681981220107
WordScorePoS
government0NN
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development0.0100241617629471NN
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economic0.0389167984372011JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.217229885081007
WordScorePoS
government0NN
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disaster0NN
risk0NN
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development0.0055149369084567NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.449232614760248
WordScorePoS
government0NN
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development0.0164833460638534NN
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economic0.0959899298575892JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.317960165699354
WordScorePoS
government0NN
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risk0NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
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development0.0177346522508396NN
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economic0.103276847978089JJ
social0.101310366625194JJ

Urban water Asia and the Pacific is one of the most rapidly urbanizing regions in the world with

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.769327655191807
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
asia0IN
rapidly0RB
region0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.450373899040476
WordScorePoS
urban0.27622591898666JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
asia0IN
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world0.00626002771693937NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262763900019559
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
asia0IN
rapidly0RB
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world0.00464349782489754NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.25630672067222
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0NN
asia0IN
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region0.184259548107002NN
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annual growth of the urban population see Chapter

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.629915015733637
WordScorePoS
growth0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.535545368050671
WordScorePoS
growth0.208565600657229NN
urban0JJ
population0.0428212738652355NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.525594925100073
WordScorePoS
growth0.11178243319132NN
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of the total population over billion lived in urban areas UNDESA with of the region urban population living in slums UN Habitat

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.812814401905526
WordScorePoS
total0NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
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region0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.34101405120669
WordScorePoS
total0NN
population0NN
live0.0739258553811849VB
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.309769561265898
WordScorePoS
total0NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
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By it is estimated that

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.765883642519583
WordScorePoS
estimate0.059903311017139NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.383060435719248
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0299609328954485NN

billion people will be living in urban areas UNDESA placing considerable stress on the resource base of The Asia Pacific region faces myriad of urban water challenges

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.660935127323063
WordScorePoS
people0.0161552501392041NNS
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asia0IN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.521443220483848
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
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asia0IN
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water0.556409482163189NN
challenge0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.34987901345524
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
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region0.184259548107002NN
water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266325227395795
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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stress0.0542519672965169NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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These include drinking water supply compounded by high proportion of water loss in distribution water quality control limited coverage of sewerage networks and often non existing wastewater treatment systems pollution control and ecosystem degradation especially in peri urban areas and in surrounding river basins

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.877929273802112
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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degradation0NN
perus0NN
urban0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309519381878615
WordScorePoS
include0VB
drinking0NN
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perus0NN
urban0JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.215595148997881
WordScorePoS
include0VB
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
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wastewater0NN
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system0.0315914058171786NN
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urban0.27622591898666JJ
river0NN
basin0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.184125031037752
WordScorePoS
include0VB
drinking0NN
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basin0NN

Sustainability of cities in the region is intimately linked to the key water related challenges lack of access to safe water and sanitation increasing water demand for multiple uses and the concurrent pollution loads and increasing resilience to disaster events such as floods and droughts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.818709744246389
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
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key0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.420306922302809
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
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key0NN
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event0NN
flood0NN
drought0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.228386975667469
WordScorePoS
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.169974080995869
WordScorePoS
sustainability0NN
city0NN
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key0NN
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flood0NN
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India China Nepal Bangladesh and Pakistan alone account for nearly half the world total groundwater use Urban water needs and challenges require multi sectoral inclusive and comprehensive strategies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.648340179798243
WordScorePoS
account0.0181797964452808NN
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multus0NN
inclusive0JJ
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.533707920830958
WordScorePoS
account0.0194583992186006NN
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Several strategies are notable in the region including efforts towards urban nexus water energy food planning integrated stormwater management and green buildings stormwater management and road tunnels in Malaysia water sensitive urban design Growth in agricultural groundwater use in selected countries Figure

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the region cities including water and undermining the sustainable development efforts of these cities and their respective national governments

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United States Western Europe Spain Mexico China km year India Pakistan Bangladesh Sri Lanka Vietnam Ghana South Africa Tunisia Source Shah

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Reproduced from Figure Growth in groundwater use in selected countries

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Groundwater and Human Development Challenges and Opportunities in Livelihoods and Environment

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Water Science Technology with permission from the copyright holders IWA Publishing

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WWDR Asia and the Pacific Australia eco efficient water infrastructure development Indonesia and the Philippines and urban wetlands Kolkata India

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Efforts to rehabilitate urban water resources include the increasing use of wastewater for peri urban agriculture and for energy production

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An increasing number of initiatives are now looking at opportunities to integrate water management with urban needs in energy green spaces and food security

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Provision of safe water has been primarily under the aegis of governmental bodies but public−private partnerships are also well established in the region including with the Manila Water Company in the Philippines SYABAS in Malaysia and Shenzhen Water Group in China

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Financing and managing the future needs of urban water infrastructure will be considerable challenge particularly for the region rapidly growing small and medium sized cities where resources and capacity are limited

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There are number of lessons to be learned from recent typhoons and the success stories of cyclone shelters and early warning systems in Bangladesh India and the Philippines and from the development of strategic frameworks and revitalized institutional arrangements in river management Citarum River rehabilitation project in

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Groundwater Any consideration of the quality and quantity of available water supplies in the region must examine groundwater which is critical to several economic sectors

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Experts estimate that groundwater irrigation contributes US to US billion per year to the Asian economy

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When also including earnings from groundwater sales for irrigation that estimate increases to US to US billion Shah et al

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Bangladesh China India Nepal and Pakistan together account for nearly half the world total groundwater use IGRAC

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Smallholder irrigation projects can provide households easy access to groundwater at relatively low costs and is particularly effective in areas with plentiful groundwater resources

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In India the groundwater or tube well revolution has largely contributed to relieving poverty but the increase in demand for irrigation has also caused severe groundwater stress in areas such as southern and eastern Maharashtra Agricultural groundwater use in China km per year Figure

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Indonesia

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Many of these strategies require not only urban but also regional and national support and commitment signifying that urban water management and meeting future water needs is challenge that involves coordination of stakeholders both within and beyond the urban boundary

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< n

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< < Source Adapted from Wang et al

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Fig

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Chapter REGIONS Map of arsenic traces in groundwater in Asia Figure

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Arsenic region Region few uncertain many Source IGRAC n

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un igrac

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org publications and Rajasthan

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Figure

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shows the rapid growth in groundwater use in India where the increase in the total number of mechanized wells and tube wells rose from less than million in to million in

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.60373533594469
WordScorePoS
rapid0JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.387482704970706
WordScorePoS
rapid0JJ
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.379149260037517
WordScorePoS
rapid0JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.338266753775102
WordScorePoS
rapid0.030745604615229JJ
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China extensively uses groundwater for agriculture Figure

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.838771030717711
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.33895942766005
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Intensive irrigation over the North China Plain aquifer system has significantly lowered the water table by more than metres in parts of the shallow aquifer and much of the deep aquifer since Foster and Garduño

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.963228621683362
WordScorePoS
intensive0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.176837257279213
WordScorePoS
intensive0JJ
irrigation0NN
north0RB
aquifer0NN
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significantly0RB
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Investigations by the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources in cities revealed that of groundwater sources are polluted with of cities having seriously polluted drinking water from groundwater sources World Bank

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.700952001184937
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.653487785555205
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.202131209582932
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Coastal cities such as Calcutta Dhaka Jakarta and Shanghai are experiencing saltwater intrusion in groundwater supplies due to uncontrolled groundwater abstraction as result of the inadequacy of public water supply systems

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.670727842751987
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.610104748027961
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.264714905425057
WordScorePoS
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.254207071744022
WordScorePoS
coastal0JJ
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Saltwater intrusion will be exacerbated by the rise in sea level resulting from climate change IPCC

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.944715092092673
WordScorePoS
rise0.120914181920259NN
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Land subsidence as result of groundwater abstraction is seen in number of coastal Asian cities including Bangkok

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.890125739797388
WordScorePoS
land0.0389167984372011NN
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.385646215626538
WordScorePoS
land0.0141533244035107NN
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fluoride and iron

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Anthropogenic contaminants come from fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture mining tanneries and other industries landfill and garbage dumps and inadequate sanitation and wastewater disposal

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.893298905502623
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
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wastewater0.204998018174509NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.377721196399663
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.192397549441906
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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Water shortages during the dry season are leading to overexploitation of groundwater situation seen in China World Bank Thailand World Bank and elsewhere

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.851622453084574
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.28089133161557
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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The Pacific is also facing freshwater stress see WWAP Chapter Case study Challenges to freshwater security in the Pacific SIDS Focus on saltwater intrusion in Samoa

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

For example people in Tuvalu and Samoa increasingly rely on bottled water because of lower than average rainfall in recent years and saltwater intrusion of underground reserves from rising sea levels

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.711585001306207
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.552764376812288
WordScorePoS
people0.0121096729954788NNS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.258126711205957
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.191618563910251
WordScorePoS
people0.00571634317201755NNS
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If managed in sustainable manner the region groundwater can serve as buffer in times of surface water scarcity hence contributing positively to nearly all sustainable development objectives

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784018450645063
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346842560256102
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.198707425210753
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
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However if groundwater resources continue to be used beyond sustainable limits agricultural production which is the main source of income for the majority of the population in the region will be threatened

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.594812269408086
WordScorePoS
resource0.0358563662904843NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.438101133800211
WordScorePoS
resource0.0739147683583536NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.383111880927946
WordScorePoS
resource0NN
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Groundwater quality is affected by both anthropogenic and natural contaminants

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.467503133225113
WordScorePoS
quality0.076326555629389NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.462845296527919
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.357768189237063
WordScorePoS
quality0.0255958462813622NN
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Natural groundwater contaminants found in the region aquifers include arsenic Figure

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.689305871256928
WordScorePoS
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.490958221289286
WordScorePoS
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.387751182590272
WordScorePoS
natural0JJ
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WWDR Asia and the Pacific The Arab Region UNESCWA | Carol Chouchani Cherfane Water scarcity stands at the forefront when considering the water related challenges that impede progress towards sustainable development in the Arab region

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.872274979115724
WordScorePoS
asia0IN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.254810985777766
WordScorePoS
asia0IN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.247506466382267
WordScorePoS
asia0IN
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Other important challenges include the need for more sustainable water use access to more reliable water services particularly in least developed countries and countries suffering directly and indirectly from conflict and improved water governance for national and transboundary surface water and groundwater resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.902535573255745
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30721913611091
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
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resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.111022730168454
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.109257395692144
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
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water0NN
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conflict0.147263166485024NN
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national0.0164833460638534JJ
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resource0.0739147683583536NN

Water scarcity Population growth and increasing socio economic pressures have reduced the availability of freshwater resources in the Arab region

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.728152596061482
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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freshwater0.041835863322702NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.328453555736048
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.314654503251991
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.247316943095161
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Availability dropped from per capita per year in to per capita per year decade later with of Arab countries falling below the water scarcity level of per capita per year and able to withdraw on average only per capita per year in Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79387149219168
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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level0.00647010760354177NN
average0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.31462351388293
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308443812469286
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.13918582136752
WordScorePoS
availability0NN
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Almost of the Arab population live Climate change and climate variability are making the situation even worse

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.880801168653528
WordScorePoS
population0NN
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A comparison of climate indices based on historical observations conclusively finds that there has been consistent warming trend across the Arab region since the mid twentieth century Donat et al

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.8808505710372
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
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century0.219293228426234NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.326390772062155
WordScorePoS
climate0.0376648791150643NN
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Drought now affects over two thirds of the land area of UNESCWA member countries UNESCWA and an ensemble of regional climate change models for the Arab region projects an increase of temperature of at least °C by the year Nikulin

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.812224378800658
WordScorePoS
drought0NN
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temperature0.207053776511125NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.267919419149044
WordScorePoS
drought0NN
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Meanwhile infrequent yet intensive flash floods damaged and destroyed infrastructure in the Comoros Gaza Strip Oman Saudi Arabia and Tunisia during and

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.806029041996088
WordScorePoS
intensive0JJ
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Climate change adaptation measures drought preparedness strategies and flash flood risk maps are in turn being prepared and updated in Egypt Jordan Lebanon Morocco Palestine Sudan and Tunisia Per capita share of renewable water resources in selected Arab region countries Figure

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.582325712976051
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.451864915734397
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.329476433086704
WordScorePoS
climate0.0376648791150643NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.277540489422325
WordScorePoS
climate0.115011305411453NN
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water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.189506434434077
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
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under the water scarcity level and nearly half lives under extreme water scarcity level of per capita per year

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.933572107791337
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.246892743203311
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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level0.00513687014008325NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.187437777544759
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Cubic meters per year Lib ya Ba hra Sa in ud iA rab ia Ye me Un ite Qa dA tar rab Em ira tes Ku wa it Ira Co mo Su ros da na So nd ma So lia uth Su da Le ba no Sy Mo ria roc nA co rab Re pu bli Eg yp Om an Tu nis ia Oc cu jib pie ou ti dP ale Alg sti eri nia nT err ito ry Jo rda Ma uri tan ia Note The statistics for the year cover Sudan and South Sudan as South Sudan did not become country since July

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Source UNESCWA prepared with data from FAO AQUASTAT

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.644232611126071
WordScorePoS
source0.0109843026967392NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.465538551744894
WordScorePoS
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Chapter REGIONS In the Berkani neighborhood near Meknès Morocco households are now connected to piped water services Photo Arne Hoel World Bank UNDESA UNESCWA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.778024262337769
WordScorePoS
region0NN
household0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.346671628768475
WordScorePoS
region0NN
household0.0554128417527413NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316007261122994
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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Artificial groundwater recharge is being pursued in the Persian Gulf sub region as means to harvest water from flash floods to increase water storage capacity and freshwater availability in face of increasing scarcity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.91899508593413
WordScorePoS
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267215770331497
WordScorePoS
recharge0VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.173975788912429
WordScorePoS
recharge0VB
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Threats to sustainability Unsustainable consumption and over extraction of freshwater resources also contribute to water shortages and threaten long term sustainable development

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.655658103307166
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.578626291632299
WordScorePoS
threat0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.269108699113897
WordScorePoS
threat0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.150885866081109
WordScorePoS
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On average the agricultural sector continues to be the greatest consumer of water in the Arab region although consumption levels vary significantly between countries

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.717017554539108
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.472507542117454
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.245540478146444
WordScorePoS
average0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.200133574035034
WordScorePoS
average0.1656430212089NN
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significantly0RB
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.170003376728623
WordScorePoS
average0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.158219851188358
WordScorePoS
average0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.137795364281429
WordScorePoS
average0.146608885563018NN
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These represent only of freshwater withdrawals in Djibouti but of total freshwater withdrawals in Somalia over the last decade FAO AQUASTAT

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.836110017030241
WordScorePoS
represent0.0516150472983178VB
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.344553837781744
WordScorePoS
represent0VB
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The urgent social and political need to ensure food security while avoiding negative impact on rural livelihoods has led Arab governments with agriculturedependent segments of society to pursue irrigation efficiency programmes wastewater reuse and water harvesting schemes as ways to conserve water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.759826904985959
WordScorePoS
urgent0JJ
social0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.396811005158529
WordScorePoS
urgent0JJ
social0.0169905820958638JJ
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.282249274423656
WordScorePoS
urgent0JJ
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ensure0.0159922815774215VB
food0.292342270824999NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.145740775062604
WordScorePoS
urgent0JJ
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WWDR Such measures were chosen over water pricing schemes that may generate socio economic repercussions for vulnerable communities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.747560007352547
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308385614630179
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.203635213023178
WordScorePoS
measure0.0347609334428716NN
water0NN
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economic0.128463821595706JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.390341377933043
WordScorePoS
measure0.103895385378356NN
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Egypt Jordan Lebanon Morocco Oman and Tunisia have also sought to rehabilitate irrigation canals terraces and traditional water networks to improve agricultural water use efficiency although flood irrigation remains dominant in many countries ICARDA GEF IFAD

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.880559476877013
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267979205321607
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
irrigation0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.227813327536745
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
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improve0.0218534471578307VB
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.181597921345843
WordScorePoS
seek0VB
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water0NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
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Meanwhile most Arab countries remain dependent upon food imports to offset national food deficits

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.811913178820934
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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food0.292342270824999NN
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national0.00399807039435538JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.52579161530672
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Although several countries in the region are rich in oil and gas reserves desalination cannot be sustainable option unless alternative energy sources are considered

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.828504220234695
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.295120063649389
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.250150434362611
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Apart from handful of pilot solar energy desalination facilities being piloted in the region see Box

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.853887134783285
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.318098256815248
WordScorePoS
energy0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.231264850492425
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
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WWAP investments in nuclear energy are being pursued to diversify the region water energy mix

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.806566916724036
WordScorePoS
investment0.0383371018038178NN
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mix0.122412709674631NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.411766920291675
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.318996971887825
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.155651625908241
WordScorePoS
investment0.0376648791150643NN
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Dozens of nuclear powered desalination plants are expected to go online in Arab countries over the next years with Saudi Arabia alone expected to build up to nuclear desalination facilities by WNA

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.573662876352238
WordScorePoS
power0NN
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The Arab Region Water utilities face increasing freshwater shortages due to drought water distribution losses damage to water infrastructure and networks due to armed conflicts and increasing energy costs associated with pumping water from more distant or deeper sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.858198373729548
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347993620891116
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.205174454965027
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.153104832181806
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.146518711545364
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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These factors reduce their ability to provide regular and reliable quality services to domestic consumers in sustainable manner

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.74961106537518
WordScorePoS
reduce0.022306853314744VB
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.3166992317269
WordScorePoS
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
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Meanwhile water rationing and groundwater pumping to offset water shortages have become commonplace in Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palestine and Syria

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.940088243331001
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.301775986407752
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council are in turn looking at ways The Arab region is pursuing efforts to respond to increased water scarcity drought climate variability and service deficiencies under changing and uncertain conditions to increase water storage in aquifers as means to increase reserves and offset risks see WWAP Chapter Case study Sustainable water resources management in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.814163727285386
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.285321637589705
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.276950613203521
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.202446542490204
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Threats to sustainability are further exacerbated by regional conflicts

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.80685583649018
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.320917307419918
WordScorePoS
threat0NN
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By October access to water supply services in Syria had decreased by on average since the beginning of the conflict and has continued to decline due to breakdown in services This has resulted in massive undertaking among WASH sector partners to distribute chlorine hygiene kits and generators throughout the country UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780111467297476
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300798183440937
WordScorePoS
access0.00232174891244877NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.247168340542386
WordScorePoS
access0.00514687440545096NN
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hygiene0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.236421929112853
WordScorePoS
access0.00138439773401932NN
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distribute0.064698038783335VB
hygiene0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.233606761966078
WordScorePoS
access0NN
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decrease0NN
average0.1656430212089NN
conflict0NN
continue0.0403047273067529VB
decline0.0236803262479443NN
due0.0473606524958885JJ
result0NN
sector0NN
distribute0VB
hygiene0NN
country0NN

The situation has become precarious along the Euphrates River where water levels have dropped and destroyed pipes have forced residents of Aleppo Syria to use jerrycans to collect water from untreated surface water sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.941325448255106
WordScorePoS
situation0.0295155485671997NN
precarious0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
force0NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
surface0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.279813632135998
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
precarious0JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
force0NN
untreated0JJ
surface0NN
source0NN

million Syrian refugees have also been registered in Jordan and Lebanon where water services are already stressed by scarcity and drought

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.957764737144266
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
drought0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.210676802018036
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
scarcity0NN
drought0NN

Water infrastructure destroyed during the ArabIsraeli conflict has forced Palestinians to spend significant share of their income on water from tankers and to rely on unclean sources of water in the Gaza Strip which have Calculated based on UNHCR figures as of March as presented in Majdalani

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.859622279932441
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
conflict0NN
force0NN
significant0JJ
share0NN
income0NN
rely0VB
source0.0613562156822703NN
base0NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.31593234052843
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
conflict0NN
force0NN
significant0JJ
share0NN
income0NN
rely0.0332151194779746VB
source0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.259250571224477
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
conflict0NN
force0NN
significant0JJ
share0.0377086395700813NN
income0.110649350233433NN
rely0VB
source0.0135141354781442NN
base0NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.147635903637985
WordScorePoS
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
conflict0.147263166485024NN
force0NN
significant0.0376648791150643JJ
share0NN
income0.0442083771593746NN
rely0VB
source0.0269969049497485NN
base0.0442083771593746NN
figure0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.101752624301378
WordScorePoS
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
conflict0NN
force0NN
significant0.0405241466500776JJ
share0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
rely0VB
source0NN
base0NN
figure0NN

Chapter increased the prevalence of water related diseases UN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.87549952903039
WordScorePoS
increase0.00905621749519576NN
prevalence0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
disease0.103230094596636NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.390108525780569
WordScorePoS
increase0.0143984997539974NN
prevalence0.0407408489778079NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
disease0.215415047323213NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.248642400977471
WordScorePoS
increase0.00958677785775002NN
prevalence0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
disease0NN

In addition to the impacts of civil and military conflict the dependency of Arab countries on transboundary water resources further complicates matters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.801352169741028
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
civil0JJ
conflict0NN
country0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386531214790081
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
civil0JJ
conflict0NN
country0NN
transboundary0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.27125142817438
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
impact0NN
civil0JJ
conflict0.147263166485024NN
country0NN
transboundary0JJ
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Over of freshwater resources in Arab countries originate outside national borders Arab Water Council which leaves downstream Arab countries vulnerable to upstream developments such as the construction of the Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia and Turkish dams along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.865004468734125
WordScorePoS
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
country0NN
national0JJ
border0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
development0NN
river0.206460189193271NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30945656582198
WordScorePoS
freshwater0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
country0NN
national0.00743561777158133JJ
border0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
vulnerable0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
river0.0409791940864438NN

Groundwater reserves in large aquifer systems in the Western Asia part of the Arab region extending from Iraq to Yemen far exceed the discharge volume of all rivers combined in that area UNESCWA BGR

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.76934163534135
WordScorePoS
reserve0NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
system0NN
western0JJ
asia0IN
region0NN
extend0VB
exceed0.0516150472983178VB
discharge0.0683326727248364NN
volume0NN
river0.206460189193271NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.392430491466484
WordScorePoS
reserve0NN
aquifer0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
western0JJ
asia0IN
region0.184259548107002NN
extend0VB
exceed0VB
discharge0NN
volume0NN
river0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.345243823010815
WordScorePoS
reserve0.0583416713841148NN
aquifer0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
western0.0440683498519077JJ
asia0IN
region0.0297950283197006NN
extend0VB
exceed0VB
discharge0NN
volume0NN
river0NN

However the number of surface water or groundwater agreements involving Arab countries is very limited and the few that exist are bilateral in nature rather than at the basin level

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.755548302235183
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
agreement0NN
involve0VB
country0NN
limited0JJ
exist0VB
nature0NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
level0.00647010760354177NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.562535819017083
WordScorePoS
surface0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
agreement0NN
involve0.0819583881728876VB
country0NN
limited0JJ
exist0.0332151194779746VB
nature0.162755901889551NN
basin0NN
level0.00513687014008325NN

Progress and perspectives In the face of these challenges Arab countries are focusing on water and sustainable development in legal and policy frameworks

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696422989996163
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
perspective0NN
challenge0NN
country0NN
focus0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
legal0JJ
policy0NN
framework0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.342854177926967
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
perspective0NN
challenge0NN
country0NN
focus0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
legal0JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
framework0.028867295332595NN

For example the Arab Ministerial Water Council adopted regional water security strategy for sustainable development in and an associated action plan in May

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.868367072858549
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
adopt0VB
regional0JJ
security0.0348974218717993NN
strategy0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
action0NN
plan0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344538094628939
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
regional0JJ
security0NN
strategy0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN

At the national level the new constitution of Tunisia adopted in January established the human right to water and the preservation of water and its rational use as an obligation of the state and society National Constituent Assembly of Tunisia

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881764388292848
WordScorePoS
national0JJ
level0.00647010760354177NN
adopt0VB
establish0VB
human0.0127979231406811JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
obligation0NN
society0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.327872960529121
WordScorePoS
national0.00743561777158133JJ
level0.00513687014008325NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
establish0VB
human0.0101607690729067JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
obligation0NN
society0NN

Morocco and Algeria also have legal provisions related to access to water and sanitation OHCHR

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.942268219441783
WordScorePoS
legal0JJ
provision0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.195759917398917
WordScorePoS
legal0JJ
provision0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN

According to the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme JMP for Water Supply and Sanitation out of the total Arab population estimated at million people in approximately million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources while million people do not have access to improved sanitation facilities UNESCWA WHO and UNICEF

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.924094477758735
WordScorePoS
monitor0NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
estimate0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
approximately0RB
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
drinking0.206460189193271NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
facility0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.237390744054147
WordScorePoS
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
approximately0RB
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
drinking0NN
source0NN
facility0NN

This means that of the population in the Arab region has access to improved water sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.822479271902191
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
population0.0363595928905615NN
region0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.38856713632582
WordScorePoS
means0.120266261535276NNS
population0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
improve0VB
water0NN
source0.0269969049497485NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.23504468231517
WordScorePoS
means0NNS
population0.0144336476662975NN
region0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN

However this does not mean that consumers have regular or reliable access to water supplies or that the quality of water supplied is safe for drinking see Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.844534631362768
WordScorePoS
consumer0NN
regular0JJ
reliable0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
quality0.0255958462813622NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.460160370494806
WordScorePoS
consumer0.325511803779102NN
regular0JJ
reliable0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
quality0.0203215381458133NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.126900802261129
WordScorePoS
consumer0NN
regular0JJ
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
access0.0157161992303584NN
water0NN
supplies0NNS
quality0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN

The Arab regional MDG Initiative is improving monitoring and reporting on the quality and quantity of access to water supply and sanitation services under the auspices of the Arab Ministerial Water Council

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.90593852000495
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
initiative0NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
monitor0NN
report0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310244729361077
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
initiative0NN
improve0VB
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Water harvesting and reuse are expanding throughout the region with best practices being exchanged between REGIONS Tunisia and Palestine irrigation with treated wastewater expanding in Jordan and treated wastewater being injected on daily basis into coastal aquifers to ward off saltwater intrusion and bolster water reserves in Oman Zekri et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.906139151317064
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
harvest0.041835863322702NN
reuse0.103230094596636NN
expand0.0251182378961834VB
region0NN
practice0NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
daily0RB
basis0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
reserve0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.26213748874099
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
expand0VB
region0NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
irrigation0NN
wastewater0NN
daily0RB
basis0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0NN
reserve0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.184508857756481
WordScorePoS
water0.0333211986002325NN
harvest0.0325700316331562NN
reuse0NN
expand0VB
region0NN
practice0.0229784274580034NN
irrigation0NN
wastewater0NN
daily0RB
basis0NN
coastal0.265991560286306JJ
aquifer0NN
reserve0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.175162590060918
WordScorePoS
water0NN
harvest0NN
reuse0NN
expand0VB
region0.184259548107002NN
practice0NN
irrigation0NN
wastewater0NN
daily0RB
basis0NN
coastal0JJ
aquifer0NN
reserve0NN

Egypt has used water from flash floods to recharge groundwater along the Red Sea

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.9217543083671
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
sea0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.24318067336696
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
flood0NN
recharge0VB
sea0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.218365324562472
WordScorePoS
water0NN
flood0NN
recharge0VB
sea0.16782457728855NN

Artificial groundwater recharge through the construction of dams and other infrastructure is also common in the Persian Gulf and Mashreq sub regions

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.53101204509505
WordScorePoS
recharge0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
common0JJ
region0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.509066381748028
WordScorePoS
recharge0VB
infrastructure0NN
common0JJ
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.514938514360537
WordScorePoS
recharge0VB
infrastructure0NN
common0.0615471563780609JJ
region0.124837844401518NN

Improved water use efficiency is being promoted through Green Help Desks and Clean Production Centres instituted in most Arab countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.764628445314188
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
promote0VB
green0JJ
clean0.0348974218717993JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
centre0NN
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.421645296397356
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
green0.0332151194779746JJ
clean0JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
centre0NN
country0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.352986401788946
WordScorePoS
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
promote0.00838876601975825VB
green0JJ
clean0.125032076213024JJ
production0.0383371018038178NN
centre0NN
country0NN

Collaborative mechanisms for transboundary groundwater also continue among Algeria Libya and Tunisia on the North Western Sahara Aquifer System and shared rivers such as the Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and Palestine

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.752737502652698
WordScorePoS
mechanism0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
continue0VB
north0RB
western0JJ
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
system0NN
share0NN
river0.206460189193271NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.449321759043876
WordScorePoS
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
transboundary0JJ
continue0VB
north0RB
western0JJ
aquifer0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
share0.0766240489430275NN
river0NN

Technically supported by the Sahara and Sahel Observatory OSS

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWDR Senegal

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Nevertheless there is need for cooperation and improved water governance and the management of transboundary surface water and groundwater resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898476951539126
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
surface0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321894910026516
WordScorePoS
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
transboundary0JJ
surface0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Improved databases monitoring systems and assessment tools are also under development by international and regional organizations and national ministries to inform planning and decision making

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.55046872487678
WordScorePoS
improve0.0183291958415182VB
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
tool0NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
international0.00648516099948979JJ
regional0.0422721924574123JJ
organization0.0422721924574123NN
national0.0134132459226336JJ
plan0.0130185595639838NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.375038957767117
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
monitor0NN
system0.0519476926891779NN
tool0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
international0.00531301439641424JJ
regional0.0519476926891779JJ
organization0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
plan0NN
decision0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.336863602952585
WordScorePoS
improve0.0121171980355011VB
monitor0.0396106020715138NN
system0NN
tool0NN
development0.0177346522508396NN
international0.00571634317201755JJ
regional0JJ
organization0.02794560829783NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
plan0.0344256159926965NN
decision0.02794560829783NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.316823928967426
WordScorePoS
improve0.0273960270556257VB
monitor0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
tool0NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
international0JJ
regional0.0315914058171786JJ
organization0NN
national0.00501208088147356JJ
plan0.0583751976558017NN
decision0NN

The Arab region is thus pursuing efforts to respond to increased water scarcity drought climate variability and service deficiencies under changing and uncertain conditions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.670338285758594
WordScorePoS
region0NN
pursue0VB
effort0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
drought0.041835863322702NN
climate0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
change0NN
condition0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.547522024597844
WordScorePoS
region0NN
pursue0VB
effort0.0171695137813101NN
increase0.0145316075945746NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
drought0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
service0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
condition0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.200777322830023
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
pursue0VB
effort0NN
increase0NN
water0NN
scarcity0NN
drought0NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
change0NN
condition0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.184077549608466
WordScorePoS
region0NN
pursue0VB
effort0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
drought0NN
climate0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
change0NN
condition0.0409791940864438NN

A more integrated and inclusive approach to water resources management is needed

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.778777023760568
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
inclusive0JJ
approach0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.413109803297839
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
inclusive0JJ
approach0.0542519672965169NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.333214041066483
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
inclusive0.0583751976558017JJ
approach0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
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Ensuring water security under conditions of increased water scarcity will require coordinated responses across sectors and the recognition of water supply and sanitation as human right as central to the achievement of sustainable development in the Arab region

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.900801767408802
WordScorePoS
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human0.0127979231406811JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297723011338383
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.113004807543765
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
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human0JJ
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The Arab Region Latin America and the Caribbean UNECLAC | Author Andrei Jouravlev With the cooperation of Caridad Canales and comments and contribution of Terence Lee Miguel Solanes and Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky Latin America and the Caribbean is hydrologically and economically heterogeneous region which in the last decade has seen significant reductions in poverty high economic growth and greater macroeconomic stability as well as the emergence of middle class UNECLAC and

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.747183505656987
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.361220157366594
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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However the region remains the most unequal in the world

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.766706253641577
WordScorePoS
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.515874347037655
WordScorePoS
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It has been unable to converge per capita GDP with developed countries and over million people about of its population still live in poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.751929374928779
WordScorePoS
capita0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.364852890353094
WordScorePoS
capita0.049270765107907NN
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poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.327105448280742
WordScorePoS
capita0NN
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country0NN
people0.00571634317201755NNS
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poverty0.05809266143877NN

The focus of national policies is primarily on economic development and poverty reduction

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.629135824220096
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.422381277564859
WordScorePoS
focus0.0410992516792148NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.453961956195739
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
national0.00886732612541978JJ
policy0.0848203862485078NN
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The basis of most economies remains the export of natural resources which use large quantities of water in production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.715811370905965
WordScorePoS
basis0NN
economy0NN
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export0NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.467824654627522
WordScorePoS
basis0NN
economy0NN
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natural0.0509717462875914JJ
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This situation generates tensions in water management for two main reasons

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881975555240633
WordScorePoS
situation0.0295155485671997NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309846720727126
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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First economic activities and population tend to be concentrated in dry and sub humid areas

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.584566109358984
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.551021973563558
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
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This leads to increasing competition in terms of quantity but also more recently in terms of quality and opportunity of use for scarce water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.696327758086107
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
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resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.395816804629243
WordScorePoS
lead0NN
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quality0.00916459792075908NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310942089708184
WordScorePoS
lead0.0169905820958638NN
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This situation is expected to be aggravated in the future through the joint negative effect of higher water demands due to population growth and economic development coupled with drier conditions and increased hydrological variability in many river basins as result of climate change IPCC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.624883061902699
WordScorePoS
situation0.0295155485671997NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.477599537541555
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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increase0.0145316075945746NN
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climate0.291881734282273NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.31081088399574
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267752977077859
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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Second economic growth and rising income levels generate increased demand for public services and environmental amenities

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.522808991080292
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.458768230214685
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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service0.0197870712294258NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.334069527721896
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
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environmental0.0442083771593746JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.33220760276918
WordScorePoS
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
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Unfortunately recent decades have seen reduction in investments in economic infrastructure

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.552128493565367
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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investment0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.323900118346604
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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investment0.0252035516550537NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.360651578413664
WordScorePoS
decade0NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.346811105355834
WordScorePoS
decade0.124232265906675NN
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With rising incomes and democratization people are demanding more emphasis to be given to Isla del Sol Sun Island Lake Titicaca Bolivia Photo Benjamin Dumas Chapter REGIONS environmental conservation citizen participation in decision making and protection of the rights of indigenous communities

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.621226079368351
WordScorePoS
rise0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.382768802866132
WordScorePoS
rise0.0237821918091848NN
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environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
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rights0NNS
indigenous0JJ
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These tensions highlight two water related priorities that countries will have to address in the coming decades strengthening water governance and ii improving provision of drinking water supply and sanitation services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.935794359468179
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.274216754560088
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Water governance The first priority for Latin America and the Caribbean is to improve and consolidate water governance with paradigm shift to the sustainable integration of water resources management and use into socio economic development and poverty reduction

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.829676746745119
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369838376593201
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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integration0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.215695664601039
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.112433928024125
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Given the relative abundance of water in the region any water crisis is more institutional than related to physical availability UNECLAC

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.905266887434669
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296853916870465
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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institutional0JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.157495808927677
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0NN
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Most countries have an extremely limited formal institutional capacity to manage water resources and effective implementation of existing management instruments is not very high on political agendas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.665137545809337
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347524006882533
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.314719843741348
WordScorePoS
country0NN
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water0NN
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Common problems include inefficient public administration widespread informality weak regulatory institutions low levels of participation coordination transparency credibility and accountability unstable and insufficient financing corruption and capture fragmented and outdated water legislation lack of technical capacity implementation agencies and service providers with politicized and weak governance and insufficient information

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.696576395672824
WordScorePoS
common0JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.418148585993736
WordScorePoS
common0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262711656342644
WordScorePoS
common0JJ
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The widespread inability to establish effective formal and stable institutions to deal with water allocation and increasingly reallocation and pollution control issues is evidenced in many examples of poor management informality and lack of coordination WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.712436761665253
WordScorePoS
establish0VB
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institution0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.309109177634077
WordScorePoS
establish0VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.275274338297466
WordScorePoS
establish0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.266542413197708
WordScorePoS
establish0VB
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.232781311525452
WordScorePoS
establish0VB
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These deficiencies in governance manifest themselves in unsustainable and informal practices of water use water pollution particularly in and downstream from densely populated urban areas and especially in the proliferation of conflicts in relation to most large infrastructure and natural resources development projects Martín and Justo

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.763084405616628
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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project0.041835863322702NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.442015204778167
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.299963382130135
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.19269367310839
WordScorePoS
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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urban0JJ
conflict0NN
relation0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.166246931333692
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
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water0NN
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urban0JJ
conflict0.147263166485024NN
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project0NN

These conflicts arise particularly between large commercial interests such as mining and hydroelectric power on the one hand and the interests of environmental protection in stream water users and small local traditional and indigenous users often without duly formalized water rights on the other

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.827806039179488
WordScorePoS
conflict0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.367649822104214
WordScorePoS
conflict0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.26807399695897
WordScorePoS
conflict0.147263166485024NN
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environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
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Many of these conflicts relate to projects with foreign participation which are usually covered by international investment agreements

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.471443566784793
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.304124867597764
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Various cases in the region as well as in other parts of the world Solanes and Jouravlev Bohoslavsky UNCTAD indicate that particularly in countries with weak governance international investor protection can limit public policy space to adequately manage water and other natural resources WWDR and regulate public utility services

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.439761709477253
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.316470196106464
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.308256200453697
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Ultimately there is need for strong governance to ensure an adequate balance between the efforts to attract foreign investment and ensure stable business environment on the one hand and the objective to achieve socio economic development poverty reduction environmental sustainability and protection of vital public interests on the other

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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.306546665044399
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.377449513350258
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310917352975877
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Given the relative abundance of water in the region any water crisis is more institutional than one in terms of physical availability To overcome this situation governments will have to put in place and make fully operational water management institutions that adequately respond to the nature of the problems involved in utilising the resource and that are in tune with the conceptions and practices of society ii water management instruments water use rights and discharge permits assessment planning water quality norms demand management conflict resolution regulation etc

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852644316647232
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.38236616161656
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.120606391164716
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.108646268538505
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.104738828907053
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which increasingly use economic means such as charges efficient costs markets and social evaluation iii independent water authorities with powers and resources commensurate with their responsibilities supported by river basin organizations iv water allocation and especially reallocation systems that promote investment in water development and conservation ensure efficient and orderly water use avoid monopolies and facilitate control in the public interest and water pollution control systems able to mobilize the necessary technological and financial resources Solanes and Jouravlev

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.386241630903728
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.105432501871164
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Drinking water supply and sanitation The second priority for Latin America and the Caribbean is to consolidate the progress achieved in providing drinking water and sanitation services ensuring the full realization of the human right to water and sanitation Justo and considering the post development agenda

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.234356504610352
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The levels of provision of water and sanitation with the possible exception of wastewater treatment achieved in the region compare favourably to those in other developing nations Jouravlev Sato et al

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.162949602879703
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.162628003941986
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WHO and UNICEF

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However such overall estimates tend to exaggerate real levels of access to services and do not take into consideration the preferences of the population for piped access and especially the serious deficiencies in service quality intermittence water Latin America and the Caribbean losses water quality control etc

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351499907399534
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which disproportionally affect rural areas and the poor Jouravlev

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.546576078106247
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Many cities still suffer from episodic flooding because of inadequate stormwater drainage infrastructure and deficiencies in urban planning WWAP

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Governments will have to concentrate efforts to achieve universal service coverage with emphasis on household connections improvement in service quality and sustainability which could take to years in many countries while the expansion of wastewater treatment and stormwater drainage systems is likely to require similar time

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With the expansion of wastewater treatment and reuse attention will have to centre on more advanced treatment technologies tertiary with nutrient removal and sludge disposal as well as solid waste management and industrial and non point source pollution control particularly in agriculture

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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.3818861325303
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.270368130819957
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.222593355767331
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.312326110376563
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Chapter To advance in the realization of these goals governments will have to focus public policies on Hantke Domas and Jouravlev assigning high political priority to these services both in terms of budgetary allocations and development of stable and efficient institutions ii gradual transition to self financing with tariff design that encourages resource use efficiency accompanied by the creation of effective subsidy systems for low income groups iii more consolidated or aggregated industrial structure to take advantage of economies of scale and ensure technical and financial viability of service providers iv effective economic regulation with emphasis on access to information uniform accounting benchmarking and consumer participation adjusting regulatory practices and utilities governance to their property structure so as to make them more transparent and responsive to regulatory incentives and vi closer integration of economic regulation and water and land management policies so as to ensure environmental sustainability of service provision

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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.345571964185013
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incentive0NN
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water0NN
land0NN
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environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
sustainability0NN
provision0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.321525409148403
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
goal0NN
government0NN
focus0.030745604615229NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
policy0.011275328195446NN
political0.0368585655748969JJ
priority0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
term0NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
stable0JJ
efficient0JJ
institution0NN
financing0NN
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
resource0.0185001613201543NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
creation0NN
effective0JJ
subsidy0NN
system0NN
income0.110649350233433NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
structure0NN
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scale0.0368585655748969NN
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technical0.030745604615229JJ
financial0.0185001613201543JJ
provider0NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
regulation0NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
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accounting0.0454743001434393NN
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transparent0JJ
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integration0.0454743001434393NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
land0NN
management0NN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
sustainability0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.311568571661648
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
goal0NN
government0NN
focus0.0410992516792148NN
public0NN
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priority0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
term0NN
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environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.304200740898134
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
goal0NN
government0.048933054487825NN
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public0.0390556786919513NN
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political0JJ
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effective0.0219686053934784JJ
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industrial0JJ
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scale0NN
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technical0JJ
financial0.0150369494376999JJ
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economic0JJ
regulation0.036961556179878NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
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accounting0NN
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transparent0.036961556179878JJ
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incentive0.036961556179878NN
integration0NN
water0NN
land0NN
management0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.290382622629542
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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public0.0285977592242194NN
policy0.0201317944152378NN
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provision0.0658099748168827NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.219881067854393
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
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provision0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.20821125233852
WordScorePoS
advance0.0625160381065121NN
goal0NN
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political0JJ
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service0.0451471467893167NN
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income0.0449973847138318NN
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economy0.0625160381065121NN
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ensure0.0251662980592747VB
technical0JJ
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provider0NN
economic0JJ
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access0.0157161992303584NN
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land0.0325677023224526NN
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.137031231113739
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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REGIONS Africa WWAP | Stephen Maxwell Kwame Donkor

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.803472845684744
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
africa0IN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.544361576487689
WordScorePoS
region0.124837844401518NN
africa0IN

Overview Building on the economic recovery of the past decade improvements in governance and the gradual emergence of capable states beginning in the mid Africa key policy goal is transition and transformation from political to economic independence

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.369152840957943
WordScorePoS
building0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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africa0IN
key0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.261572991388326
WordScorePoS
building0.149940347231585NN
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decade0NN
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africa0IN
key0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.452784207054432
WordScorePoS
building0NN
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africa0IN
key0NN
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political0.0792212041430275JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.421395641292051
WordScorePoS
building0.109790895760528NN
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key0NN
policy0.0201317944152378NN
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political0JJ

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.355932024437767
WordScorePoS
building0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
recovery0NN
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africa0IN
key0NN
policy0.0341506708422088NN
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political0.111637082206855JJ

The fundamental aim is to achieve durable and vibrant participation in the global economy while ensuring that the abundant natural resources are managed sustainably and equitably to serve the needs of present and future generations of Africans

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.424794419499024
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
aim0.0277064208763707NN
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resource0.0416785799329393NN
manage0VB
sustainably0RB
serve0VB
future0.0277064208763707NN
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african0IN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.376520667958844
WordScorePoS
fundamental0.0558185411034276JJ
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natural0.0285529457667019JJ
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manage0VB
sustainably0RB
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future0NN
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african0IN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.332187065805023
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
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global0.0182280170776635JJ
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african0IN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.322811730246236
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
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african0IN

For Africa perhaps more than any other region of the world the challenge of sustainable development lies in developing Africa natural and human resources without repeating the negatives that have appeared on the development paths of others

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.567408742693908
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
region0.184259548107002NN
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development0.0164833460638534NN
lie0NN
develop0VB
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
human0JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.377950016519046
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
region0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
challenge0.0947742174515357NN
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natural0.0229054731708393JJ
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resource0.0449504361447405NN

Rather the region can learn from the negative experiences to engender sustainability such as supporting policy choices for clean industrial processes that reduce waste and pollution of water sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.639891020414912
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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support0.0209983814716066NN
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clean0.0348974218717993JJ
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reduce0.00936547854413134VB
waste0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.413626260679109
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
source0.0135141354781442NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.388433972312478
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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clean0JJ
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
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pollution0.0234335422829798NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.234831480804833
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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reduce0.0164833460638534VB
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water0NN
source0.0269969049497485NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.197142457778589
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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water0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.195290759912835
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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source0.0274787313211514NN

Many African economies are now growing faster than they have in years

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.611820772920875
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0.0839946104936743NN
grow0.0171695137813101VB
faster0RBR

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.497120419102261
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
grow0VB
faster0RBR

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.378084731404482
WordScorePoS
african0IN
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faster0RBR

Six of the world fastest growing countries on the basis of GDP in the were in subSaharan Africa Angola at

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

year Nigeria

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Ethiopia

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Chad

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Mozambique

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Rwanda

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

And several others were above or near the growth needed to double their economies in years

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.860489227642347
WordScorePoS
growth0.208565600657229NN
double0RB
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.330809677922283
WordScorePoS
growth0.11178243319132NN
double0RB
economy0NN

In Sierra Leone led the way with

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.639137883585785
WordScorePoS
lead0.0504071033101074NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.486096055926143
WordScorePoS
lead0.0383371018038178NN

rise in GDP ACET

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.848248881653177
WordScorePoS
rise0.120914181920259NN
gdp0NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.373201951927924
WordScorePoS
rise0NN
gdp0.0531983120572613NN

These figures must however be taken with some caution in terms of sustainable development because it has not BOX

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.778235253734876
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.382005467597071
WordScorePoS
figure0.0602029956716497NN
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sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.319217115731916
WordScorePoS
figure0NN
term0.0749457204978913NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
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been accompanied by an effective transformation of the basic economic structures of many of these states

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.50460258606474
WordScorePoS
effective0.0180650490434051JJ
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
structure0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.480696566903458
WordScorePoS
effective0JJ
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
structure0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.353950015861021
WordScorePoS
effective0.0145231653596925JJ
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These are based on exporting raw agricultural and mineral products without much processing and have led to rise in social and economic inequity

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.500551387648918
WordScorePoS
base0NN
export0.0881366997038154NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
product0NN
processing0NN
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rise0.0214456704626236NN
social0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.401485149085106
WordScorePoS
base0NN
export0NN
agricultural0JJ
product0.0591643007226199NN
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social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.36737909792873
WordScorePoS
base0NN
export0NN
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social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.352421253110173
WordScorePoS
base0.0442083771593746NN
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agricultural0JJ
product0NN
processing0NN
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rise0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.317869175156754
WordScorePoS
base0NN
export0NN
agricultural0JJ
product0NN
processing0NN
lead0NN
rise0.0237821918091848NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
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The backbone of many African economies is agriculture Box

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.652389698879559
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.407799203601619
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0.0465610847355851NN
agriculture0.0465610847355851NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.367827934643995
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0.0839946104936743NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.359962449298287
WordScorePoS
african0IN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
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which is dependent on highly variable and unpredictable rainfall patterns

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.892539381531446
WordScorePoS
highly0RB
pattern0.0819583881728876NN

Assured and timely water availability is major constraint in sustainable agricultural production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.722381144353897
WordScorePoS
timely0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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major0JJ
constraint0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
agricultural0JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.439785417305576
WordScorePoS
timely0.0440683498519077JJ
water0NN
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sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.401653241913722
WordScorePoS
timely0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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production0.118934074671047NN

As other regions around the globe gentrify and reach fertility rates below those needed to replace current populations and thus productive work force Africa has different problem − that of rapid population growth which can be seen as an opportunity to transform African economies to sustainable and inclusive growth for the next half century

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.642275557623765
WordScorePoS
region0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316881247028928
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.274196214617062
WordScorePoS
region0NN
reach0NN
fertility0NN
rate0NN
current0.0335649154577099JJ
population0NN
productive0JJ
force0NN
africa0IN
rapid0JJ
growth0NN
opportunity0NN
transform0VB
african0IN
economy0.0839946104936743NN
sustainable0JJ
inclusive0JJ
century0.219293228426234NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.374884487476202
WordScorePoS
region0NN
reach0NN
fertility0NN
rate0.0172128079963482NN
current0JJ
population0.0860640399817412NN
productive0JJ
force0NN
africa0IN
rapid0JJ
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opportunity0.029046330719385NN
transform0VB
african0IN
economy0NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ
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This population must be fed educated and kept healthy and productive

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.595585145353335
WordScorePoS
population0.0428212738652355NN
educate0VB
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productive0.0985415302158139JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.431771274355588
WordScorePoS
population0.0310434135749871NN
educate0VB
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productive0.0714379839896614JJ

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.430956480623071
WordScorePoS
population0NN
educate0.0407408489778079VB
healthy0.0615471563780609JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.362602200030157
WordScorePoS
population0.0860640399817412NN
educate0VB
healthy0JJ
productive0JJ

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.306522026848278
WordScorePoS
population0NN
educate0VB
healthy0.0401833161726777JJ
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It is in this context that water for food water for health and water for energy is critical to The concept of sustainable development is perhaps more important for Africa than other regions of the world the continent sustained development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.763785244084995
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
health0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
africa0IN
region0NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
continent0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.437723158128776
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
food0.186896403054502NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
africa0IN
region0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
continent0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.243639291592822
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
health0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
africa0IN
region0NN
world0.00261936653839306NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.200583476991553
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
food0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
energy0NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
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region0.124837844401518NN
world0.00087176582269799NN
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sustained0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.190750612813075
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
health0NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
africa0IN
region0.0297950283197006NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
continent0.0440683498519077NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.100367563970169
WordScorePoS
context0NN
water0NN
food0NN
health0NN
energy0NN
critical0JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
africa0IN
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continent0NN
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Important progress has been made towards attaining the MDG target for access to improved drinking water except for the most fragile states especially for urban populations but much less progress has been made with respect to sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.879074498355004
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
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target0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
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drinking0.206460189193271NN
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fragile0JJ
urban0JJ
population0.0363595928905615NN
respect0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.276568920569249
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
attain0VB
target0NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
drinking0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
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urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.15013610640826
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
attain0VB
target0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
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drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
fragile0JJ
urban0JJ
population0.0144336476662975NN
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Kofi Annan on Africa green and blue revolutions If we want to accelerate Africa transformation then we have to significantly boost our agriculture and fisheries which together provide livelihoods for roughly two thirds of all Africans

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.571680345600543
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
green0JJ
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significantly0RB
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third0.0357189919948307JJ
african0IN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.503583361065414
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
green0JJ
accelerate0VB
significantly0RB
agriculture0NN
fishery0.227990221432093NN
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third0JJ
african0IN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.394608875806722
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
green0JJ
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
significantly0RB
agriculture0NN
fishery0NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
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african0IN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.383438774229361
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
green0JJ
accelerate0VB
significantly0RB
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
fishery0.0316735178673487NN
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third0JJ
african0IN

[…] The time has come to unleash Africa green and blue revolutions

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

These revolutions will transform the face of our continent for the better

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.896568072997815
WordScorePoS
transform0.122412709674631VB
continent0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.322762853726017
WordScorePoS
transform0VB
continent0.0440683498519077NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.303298253762895
WordScorePoS
transform0VB
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Beyond the valuable jobs and opportunities they will provide such revolutions will generate much needed improvement to Africa food and nutrition security

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.817475407168647
WordScorePoS
job0.0109267235789154NN
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food0.292342270824999NN
nutrition0.175025014152344NN
security0.0893850849591018NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.281674429435088
WordScorePoS
job0.0203215381458133NN
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africa0IN
food0.186896403054502NN
nutrition0NN
security0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.212942907340936
WordScorePoS
job0.135650868266471NN
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provide0VB
generate0VB
improvement0NN
africa0IN
food0NN
nutrition0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.336186425739787
WordScorePoS
job0.0229264916384433NN
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generate0VB
improvement0.0924643738905717NN
africa0IN
food0.0383371018038178NN
nutrition0NN
security0.0625160381065121NN

Source Africa Progress Panel p

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.466744220662894
WordScorePoS
source0.0123065238088614NN
africa0IN
progress0NN
panel0.0548233071065585NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.426601090467926
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN
africa0IN
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panel0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.411361015740338
WordScorePoS
source0NN
africa0IN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
panel0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.312374437353891
WordScorePoS
source0NN
africa0IN
progress0.0449274832628543NN
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WWDR Africa At the highest policymaking level the African Union AU has recognized the critical role of water in various Summit Declarations AU and AMCOW and has adopted the African Water Vision as the fundamental policy instrument for the management of Africa water resources for sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861151825048877
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
level0.00647010760354177NN
african0IN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356987791293742
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
level0.00513687014008325NN
african0IN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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policy0.0203215381458133NN
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resource0.0416785799329393NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

The shared vision is for An Africa where there is an equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for poverty alleviation socio economic development regional cooperation and the environment UNECA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.56416111198955
WordScorePoS
share0NN
vision0NN
africa0IN
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
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management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
poverty0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
regional0JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.440138551456065
WordScorePoS
share0NN
vision0NN
africa0IN
equitable0JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
management0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
regional0.0519476926891779JJ
cooperation0.0225244866060403NN
environment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375025722512638
WordScorePoS
share0NN
vision0NN
africa0IN
equitable0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
regional0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
environment0.079769385071606NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.254454073843097
WordScorePoS
share0.0252035516550537NN
vision0NN
africa0IN
equitable0JJ
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
management0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
regional0JJ
cooperation0NN
environment0.0591643007226199NN

As policy instrument the African Water Vision identifies the key challenges for water resources development in Africa

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852316576683791
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
african0IN
water0.556409482163189NN
vision0NN
identify0VB
key0NN
challenge0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
development0NN
africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347582768408941
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
african0IN
water0.186896403054502NN
vision0NN
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challenge0NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
development0.022306853314744NN
africa0IN

Water security Water Energy security Food security Water security The availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health livelihoods ecosystems and production coupled with an acceptable level of water related risks to people environment and economies Grey and Sadoff

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.813253714044817
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
availability0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
health0NN
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
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production0.0214003646985842NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
risk0NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
environment0NN
economy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.402357210046737
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
food0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
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livelihood0NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
production0.118934074671047NN
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related0.00833571598658786JJ
risk0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
environment0.079769385071606NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.231168590703606
WordScorePoS
water0NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
availability0NN
quality0NN
health0NN
livelihood0NN
ecosystem0NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
level0NN
related0JJ
risk0NN
people0.0108156764915259NNS
environment0NN
economy0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.230274674404102
WordScorePoS
water0NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
food0.292342270824999NN
availability0NN
quality0.0109267235789154NN
health0NN
livelihood0.0504000902222448NN
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
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level0.00552410547653725NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ
risk0.0252000451111224NN
people0.0257736572183839NNS
environment0.0214456704626236NN
economy0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.125661508365727
WordScorePoS
water0.0382775468083574NN
security0NN
energy0NN
food0NN
availability0NN
quality0.0152605842304358NN
health0.191387734041787NN
livelihood0NN
ecosystem0NN
production0NN
level0NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
risk0.0703902516159815NN
people0.00539943740774902NNS
environment0NN
economy0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.122746924183021
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
security0.0264204925485796NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
food0.016202004209163NN
availability0NN
quality0NN
health0NN
livelihood0.0670377886812128NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
production0.016202004209163NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
related0JJ
risk0.0223459295604043NN
people0.0159982027144574NNS
environment0NN
economy0NN

Food Security When all people at all times have access to sufficient safe nutritious food to maintain healthy and active life WHO n

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.868926530276786
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
people0.0257736572183839NNS
time0.0182713919265625NN
access0.00749031153171887NN
sufficient0.0440683498519077JJ
safe0.0182713919265625JJ
nutritious0.175025014152344JJ
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
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active0JJ
life0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.35555068345444
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
time0.0169905820958638NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
nutritious0JJ
maintain0VB
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active0JJ
life0.0250071479597636NN

Energy Security The uninterrupted physical availability of energy at price which is affordable while respecting environment concerns IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.911797303402564
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
availability0NN
price0NN
affordable0.0766742036076356JJ
respect0NN
environment0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280943941257608
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN
availability0NN
price0NN
affordable0JJ
respect0NN
environment0.079769385071606NN

Source Wouters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73415387760794
WordScorePoS
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.32879500351909
WordScorePoS
source0.0274787313211514NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.323029740864511
WordScorePoS
source0.0269969049497485NN

The Sharm el Sheikh Commitments by the AU identify key water challenges related to sustainable development in Africa AU

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.821983674244028
WordScorePoS
commitment0NN
identify0VB
key0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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related0.0524959536790166JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.314847248674812
WordScorePoS
commitment0NN
identify0VB
key0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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related0.00833571598658786JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
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africa0IN

Water infrastructure for economic growth Managing and protecting water resources Achieving water supply and sanitation MDGs Global changes and risk management in Africa Water governance and management Financing water and sanitation sector and Education knowledge capacity development and water information

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.885501065435597
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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growth0NN
manage0VB
protect0.0153390539205676VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
supply0.0590310971343993NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
risk0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
africa0IN
governance0NN
financing0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
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knowledge0NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
development0NN
information0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.315688683119416
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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growth0NN
manage0VB
protect0.0121782716594324VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
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sanitation0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
risk0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
africa0IN
governance0NN
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sector0.0169905820958638NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
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capacity0.00833571598658786NN
development0.022306853314744NN
information0.0365348149782971NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.173373977572551
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
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growth0.0260040237236563NN
manage0VB
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resource0.0185001613201543NN
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sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
global0JJ
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africa0IN
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sector0.0565629593551219NN
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development0.0330049940546426NN
information0.0675706773907211NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0962876883238374
WordScorePoS
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
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protect0.0180650490434051VB
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sanitation0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
risk0NN
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africa0IN
governance0NN
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sector0.0252035516550537NN
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knowledge0NN
capacity0.0123650647908625NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
information0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.0839824855848899
WordScorePoS
water0NN
infrastructure0NN
economic0JJ
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manage0VB
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resource0NN
achieve0.0308700730580309VB
supply0.0352060273355634NN
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global0.00558555252470789JJ
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africa0IN
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education0.244244978014045NN
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development0.0279277626235394NN
information0.0182963616752599NN

The water food energy nexus in Africa Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.584060644705114
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
africa0IN
figure0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.524788314612209
WordScorePoS
water0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
africa0IN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.499973966226408
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
africa0IN
figure0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.300758638717808
WordScorePoS
water0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
africa0IN
figure0NN

Key water challenges related to sustainable development in Africa Chapter Of particular importance for Africa is the critical nexus between water food and energy Figure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.718863260795161
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
challenge0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
africa0IN
critical0JJ
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.44292659044284
WordScorePoS
key0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
challenge0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
africa0IN
critical0JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
figure0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.39351629790636
WordScorePoS
key0.0625160381065121NN
water0NN
challenge0.0528748274225028NN
related0JJ
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
development0NN
africa0IN
critical0JJ
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
figure0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.217379321576161
WordScorePoS
key0.0297950283197006NN
water0NN
challenge0NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
africa0IN
critical0JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
figure0NN

Water availability access and optimal use are essential for transforming the vicious cycle of insecurities to virtuous upward spiral towards inclusive green and blue growth

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732214201834247
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
availability0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
transform0VB
cycle0NN
inclusive0JJ
green0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.411516725298275
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
availability0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
essential0JJ
transform0VB
cycle0.108503934593034NN
inclusive0JJ
green0.0332151194779746JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.290255517658956
WordScorePoS
water0NN
availability0NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
essential0JJ
transform0VB
cycle0NN
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
green0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Currently only of the Africa potential water resources are developed and average per capita storage is compared to in North America

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788981449663637
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
develop0VB
average0NN
capita0NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.364340050566764
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
develop0VB
average0NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.288162091284824
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
develop0VB
average0.1656430212089NN
capita0NN
compare0.0414107553022249VB
north0RB

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.204039374584925
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
potential0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
develop0VB
average0.146608885563018NN
capita0NN
compare0VB
north0RB

Only of Africa cultivated land is irrigated and less than of hydropower potential is utilized for electricity generation Sperling and Bahri

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.490822461623076
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0NN
hydropower0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
utilize0VB
electricity0.030745604615229NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.47843928229481
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0.123873694868802NN
hydropower0NN
potential0.0390772412228479NN
utilize0VB
electricity0NN
generation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.395497219359797
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0.0583416713841148VB
land0.0465651203624806NN
hydropower0NN
potential0NN
utilize0VB
electricity0.0297950283197006NN
generation0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.329005124182516
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
cultivate0VB
land0.0389167984372011NN
hydropower0NN
potential0NN
utilize0.0731385760866977VB
electricity0NN
generation0NN

This occurs in situation where only of the population has access to modern energy services mainly electricity which are becoming less reliable with the accelerating rate of urbanization in most of the region major cities IEA

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.747201891884329
WordScorePoS
occur0VB
situation0NN
population0NN
access0.0157161992303584NN
modern0.462321869452858JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
reliable0.149891440995783JJ
accelerate0VB
rate0.0325677023224526NN
urbanization0NN
region0NN
major0.0325677023224526JJ
city0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.530171958065354
WordScorePoS
occur0VB
situation0.0631828116343571NN
population0.0194583992186006NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
modern0JJ
energy0.0492535935240667NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
electricity0NN
reliable0JJ
accelerate0VB
rate0NN
urbanization0.146277152173395NN
region0NN
major0JJ
city0.607697021770652NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.271095180463789
WordScorePoS
occur0VB
situation0.0519476926891779NN
population0NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
modern0JJ
energy0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
electricity0NN
reliable0JJ
accelerate0.120266261535276VB
rate0.0639932865717261NN
urbanization0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
major0JJ
city0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.114424177919671
WordScorePoS
occur0.0409791940864438VB
situation0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
modern0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
electricity0NN
reliable0JJ
accelerate0VB
rate0NN
urbanization0NN
region0NN
major0JJ
city0NN

In three years before the end of MDGs on average about of the population did not have access to improved water resources and still did not have access to improved sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.888793757544436
WordScorePoS
average0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.218774601202839
WordScorePoS
average0.146608885563018NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
water0NN
resource0NN
sanitation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208644507833053
WordScorePoS
average0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
sanitation0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.156853633220915
WordScorePoS
average0.1656430212089NN
population0NN
access0NN
improve0.0102677744436108VB
water0NN
resource0NN
sanitation0NN

WHO and UNICEF

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

In addition to these statistics climate variability and change is likely to restrain progress in managing Africa water resources

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.667243915162661
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
progress0NN
manage0VB
africa0IN
water0NN
resource0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.544701337405913
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
progress0NN
manage0VB
africa0IN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.219621086927658
WordScorePoS
addition0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
progress0NN
manage0VB
africa0IN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Regional cooperation is especially needed due to the multiplicity of transboundary water resources more than international river basins and aquifers which must be managed coherently and equitably to meet regional and national goals and evolving sectoral needs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.885204356073589
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
international0.00301873916506525JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
manage0VB
meet0VB
national0JJ
goal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.252168666285094
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
transboundary0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
international0.0023966944644375JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
aquifer0NN
manage0VB
meet0VB
national0.00743561777158133JJ
goal0NN

Agriculture remains the Achilles heel of Africa development

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.714090126939477
WordScorePoS
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
remains0NNS
africa0IN
development0.0159922815774215NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.36320998342167
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
remains0.036961556179878NNS
africa0IN
development0.0469463607292177NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.339711247694433
WordScorePoS
agriculture0NN
remains0.0454743001434393NNS
africa0IN
development0.0330049940546426NN

Low productivity levels trap millions of farmers in poverty act as brake on growth and weaken links between the farm and non farm economies

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.825782704908085
WordScorePoS
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
million0CD
farmer0.175025014152344NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
growth0.0252000451111224NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
economy0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.388606459158311
WordScorePoS
productivity0.0410992516792148NN
level0.00761994916892276NN
million0CD
farmer0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
farm0NN
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.314574889316828
WordScorePoS
productivity0NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
million0CD
farmer0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
growth0.0519476926891779NN
farm0NN
economy0NN

Africa farmers could potentially feed rapidly growing urban populations and generate exports to meet demand in global markets

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.775937943075717
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
potentially0RB
rapidly0RB
grow0.0182713919265625VB
urban0JJ
population0.0310434135749871NN
generate0.0440683498519077VB
export0.0881366997038154NN
meet0.0881366997038154VB
demand0.0297950283197006NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
market0.0913569596328122NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.434549852082731
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0NN
potentially0RB
rapidly0RB
grow0.0229054731708393VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
population0.0194583992186006NN
generate0VB
export0NN
meet0VB
demand0NN
global0.00501208088147356JJ
market0NN

However the region is increasingly dependent on imports

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.738994553090961
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN
import0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.500676833195994
WordScorePoS
region0.124837844401518NN
import0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.392503521300363
WordScorePoS
region0NN
import0.0978661089756501NN

African countries spent US billion on food imports excluding fish in and the share accounted REGIONS for by intra African trade is less than Africa Progress Panel

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.587523954342081
WordScorePoS
african0IN
country0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
import0NN
fish0NN
share0.0365427838531249NN
account0NN
region0.0297950283197006NN
trade0.0214456704626236NN
africa0IN
progress0NN
panel0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.37810268700929
WordScorePoS
african0IN
country0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
import0NN
fish0NN
share0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
region0NN
trade0NN
africa0IN
progress0NN
panel0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.284792328179824
WordScorePoS
african0IN
country0NN
food0NN
import0NN
fish0NN
share0NN
account0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
trade0NN
africa0IN
progress0NN
panel0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.380896962146204
WordScorePoS
african0IN
country0NN
food0NN
import0.0978661089756501NN
fish0NN
share0.0766240489430275NN
account0NN
region0NN
trade0.0539615408530051NN
africa0IN
progress0.017987180284335NN
panel0NN

If Africa farmers increased productivity and substituted their own produce for these imports this would provide powerful impetus to reduce poverty enhance food and nutrition security and support more inclusive pattern of economic growth

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.66714402529084
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0.175025014152344NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
produce0.0357189919948307VB
import0NN
provide0.0215170467912497VB
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
enhance0.0268922747178632VB
food0.292342270824999NN
nutrition0.175025014152344NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
support0.00896409157262106NN
inclusive0JJ
pattern0NN
economic0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.371608093503112
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0NN
increase0NN
productivity0NN
produce0VB
import0NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
enhance0.0184786920895884VB
food0NN
nutrition0NN
security0NN
support0.0184786920895884NN
inclusive0.0319966432858631JJ
pattern0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.363662690561889
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0NN
increase0.00711043475673939NN
productivity0.0410992516792148NN
produce0VB
import0NN
provide0VB
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
enhance0.0123650647908625VB
food0NN
nutrition0NN
security0NN
support0.024730129581725NN
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
pattern0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.291328411039636
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
farmer0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
productivity0NN
produce0.0332151194779746VB
import0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN
enhance0VB
food0.186896403054502NN
nutrition0NN
security0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
inclusive0JJ
pattern0.0819583881728876NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

This potential is dependent on developing the infrastructure and expertise for harnessing the abundant water resources for irrigation power generation domestic use and value adding industries to traditional export commodities

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.652770112832313
WordScorePoS
potential0.0454743001434393NN
develop0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
expertise0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
power0.0454743001434393NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
add0VB
industry0.181897200573757NN
traditional0JJ
export0NN
commodity0.0454743001434393NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.550372779307953
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
develop0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
expertise0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
power0NN
generation0NN
domestic0JJ
add0VB
industry0NN
traditional0JJ
export0NN
commodity0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.293381272812318
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
develop0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
expertise0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
irrigation0NN
power0NN
generation0.0819583881728876NN
domestic0JJ
add0VB
industry0NN
traditional0JJ
export0NN
commodity0NN

Such water infrastructure development is dependent on deeper level of regional integration and cooperation due to the transboundary nature of most of Africa water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.817939047003249
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
regional0JJ
integration0NN
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
nature0NN
africa0IN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.426466941419248
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
regional0JJ
integration0NN
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
transboundary0JJ
nature0.162755901889551NN
africa0IN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.245586282441747
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
level0NN
regional0.0260040237236563JJ
integration0.0454743001434393NN
cooperation0NN
due0JJ
transboundary0JJ
nature0NN
africa0IN
resource0.0185001613201543NN

A paradigm shift from focus on trade only between African nations to joint planning and resource development including water is needed in future discourse on African regional integration

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.674386030326395
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
trade0NN
african0IN
nation0NN
plan0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
development0NN
include0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
future0NN
regional0JJ
integration0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348574450619153
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
trade0NN
african0IN
nation0NN
plan0.0144336476662975NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
development0.022306853314744NN
include0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
future0.0277064208763707NN
regional0JJ
integration0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.31578214452873
WordScorePoS
focus0.0373517915079663NN
trade0NN
african0IN
nation0NN
plan0.0583751976558017NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
development0.0100241617629471NN
include0VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
future0.0373517915079663NN
regional0.0315914058171786JJ
integration0NN

The way forward Despite these challenges significant progress has been made by many African countries in the utilization of water resources for socio economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.666727190643345
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
significant0JJ
progress0NN
african0IN
country0NN
utilization0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
economic0JJ
development0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.345981050132929
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
significant0JJ
progress0NN
african0IN
country0NN
utilization0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.282574462761336
WordScorePoS
challenge0.0347609334428716NN
significant0JJ
progress0.0591643007226199NN
african0IN
country0NN
utilization0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

Looking forward the key will be not only achieving economic growth but also sustainable and inclusive growth

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.744896925816781
WordScorePoS
key0NN
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.460007706386705
WordScorePoS
key0NN
achieve0.018377882320743VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.314096020007046
WordScorePoS
key0NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
inclusive0.0319966432858631JJ

The Africa Progress Report addresses the importance of achieving economic growth as well as sustainable and inclusive growth Africa Progress Panel p

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.750003838111799
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
report0NN
address0NN
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
panel0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.454282580200926
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
progress0NN
report0NN
address0.064698038783335NN
achieve0.018377882320743VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ
panel0NN

Africa stands at crossroads

Label: 17, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
stand0.048933054487825VB

Economic growth has taken root across much of the region

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.605321889970962
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
region0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.596642921674159
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.386257347097623
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
region0NN

Exports are booming foreign investment is on the rise and dependence on aid is declining

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.587935487846648
WordScorePoS
export0.110884668539634NN
foreign0.036961556179878JJ
investment0.0766240489430275NN
rise0NN
aid0NN
decline0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.414593775668811
WordScorePoS
export0NN
foreign0JJ
investment0NN
rise0NN
aid0.123094312756122NN
decline0.0351951258079907NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.378723834175134
WordScorePoS
export0NN
foreign0JJ
investment0NN
rise0.120914181920259NN
aid0NN
decline0.0236803262479443NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.334876252265748
WordScorePoS
export0.0881366997038154NN
foreign0JJ
investment0.0182713919265625NN
rise0.0214456704626236NN
aid0NN
decline0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.316556794279587
WordScorePoS
export0NN
foreign0.0488696285210061JJ
investment0.0202620733250388NN
rise0.0237821918091848NN
aid0NN
decline0.02794560829783NN

Governance reforms are transforming the political landscape

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.739050581487131
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
reform0.0911713013253052NN
transform0VB
political0.111637082206855JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.446082073585017
WordScorePoS
governance0NN
reform0NN
transform0.122412709674631VB
political0JJ

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.39170548810347
WordScorePoS
governance0.107490825192354NN
reform0NN
transform0VB
political0JJ

Democracy transparency and accountability have given Africa citizens greater voice in decisions that affect their lives

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.445344756222791
WordScorePoS
transparency0.0548233071065585NN
accountability0NN
africa0IN
voice0NN
decision0NN
affect0.0336940052321454VB
life0.00842350130803634NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.425603632493744
WordScorePoS
transparency0NN
accountability0NN
africa0IN
voice0.064698038783335NN
decision0.02794560829783NN
affect0VB
life0NN

These are encouraging developments

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.487039997350025
WordScorePoS
encourage0.0695218668857431VB
development0.0055149369084567NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.448986001782673
WordScorePoS
encourage0.0468670845659596VB
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.441901546703853
WordScorePoS
encourage0.0211360962287062VB
development0.0469463607292177NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.383008742499128
WordScorePoS
encourage0.0260040237236563VB
development0.0330049940546426NN

Yet the progress in reducing poverty improving people lives and putting in place the foundations for more inclusive and sustainable growth has been less impressive

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.562431932417581
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN
improve0VB
people0.0371911007748996NNS
life0.0184786920895884NN
put0VBN
foundation0NN
inclusive0.0319966432858631JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.537250316796806
WordScorePoS
progress0.0591643007226199NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
improve0.0150723186962745VB
people0.0106656521351091NNS
life0.0123650647908625NN
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inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.309564659400595
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
reduce0.0310356414389692VB
poverty0.05809266143877NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
people0.00571634317201755NNS
life0NN
put0VBN
foundation0NN
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN

Governments have failed to convert the wealth created by economic growth into the opportunities that all Africans can exploit to build better future

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.69398853348525
WordScorePoS
government0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
african0IN
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future0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.409646290106923
WordScorePoS
government0NN
create0.0519476926891779VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
growth0.0519476926891779NN
opportunity0NN
african0IN
build0.0614198493690006VB
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.38268267087528
WordScorePoS
government0NN
create0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
african0IN
build0VB
future0NN

The time has come to set course towards more inclusive growth and fairer societies

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.618314289856916
WordScorePoS
time0NN
set0NN
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
society0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.456696453556124
WordScorePoS
time0.0607862199751165NN
set0NN
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.436950985048728
WordScorePoS
time0NN
set0NN
inclusive0.0857932776726581JJ
growth0NN
society0.118536858482514NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.314051557149853
WordScorePoS
time0NN
set0.0978661089756501NN
inclusive0.0130185595639838JJ
growth0NN
society0.0359743605686701NN

Fisher on the White Nile Morada Khartoum Sudan Photo Arne Hoel World Bank WWDR Africa BOX

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.918924395226211
WordScorePoS
fisher0.0440683498519077NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN
africa0IN

The Grand Inga project Offering MW of potential hydropower the Grand Inga hydroelectric project on Africa largest river the Congo River may provide potential answer to meeting Africa regional energy needs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.637274746672991
WordScorePoS
project0.041835863322702NN
potential0NN
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
africa0IN
largest0JJS
river0.206460189193271NN
provide0VB
regional0JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.543213294609999
WordScorePoS
project0NN
potential0NN
hydropower0NN
africa0IN
largest0JJS
river0NN
provide0VB
regional0JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.405022046749677
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
potential0NN
hydropower0NN
africa0IN
largest0JJS
river0.0409791940864438NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
regional0JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN

The table shows current potential hydropower actual electricity production consumption per capita and demand estimates

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.793634204191236
WordScorePoS
current0.0332151194779746JJ
potential0NN
hydropower0NN
actual0JJ
electricity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
demand0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.365454997890456
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
potential0NN
hydropower0NN
actual0JJ
electricity0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
capita0.049270765107907NN
demand0NN
estimate0NN

The map shows one of the options for distribution of the power generated if the Grand Inga project is executed and shows how the enormous power generated by the massive dam can be distributed through the Power Pools to meet demand in all regions of Africa

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.432210947015117
WordScorePoS
power0NN
generate0VB
project0NN
distribute0VB
meet0VB
demand0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
africa0IN

This makes the Grand Inga hydropower project truly regional project and could help improve regional integration using renewable energy source water as the prime instrument

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.675430246998725
WordScorePoS
hydropower0.0683326727248364NN
project0.041835863322702NN
regional0JJ
improve0.0511916925627245VB
integration0NN
renewable0.0295155485671997JJ
energy0.0153390539205676NN
source0.0613562156822703NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.548920513377991
WordScorePoS
hydropower0NN
project0NN
regional0JJ
improve0.0229264916384433VB
integration0NN
renewable0.158624482267508JJ
energy0.494617163780726NN
source0.0274787313211514NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.372229607346438
WordScorePoS
hydropower0NN
project0.0664302389559493NN
regional0JJ
improve0VB
integration0NN
renewable0.0234335422829798JJ
energy0.133960988253756NN
source0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Energy situation in Africa Hydroelectricity potential GWh Subregion Electricity production GWh Consumption per capita kWh hab monthly Estimate of demand in North Africa

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.643004380208086
WordScorePoS
energy0.133960988253756NN
situation0NN
africa0IN
potential0NN
electricity0NN
production0.118934074671047NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
capita0.0332151194779746NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
demand0NN
north0RB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.599949513749477
WordScorePoS
energy0.494617163780726NN
situation0NN
africa0IN
potential0NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
consumption0NN
capita0NN
estimate0NN
demand0NN
north0RB

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.249351819014754
WordScorePoS
energy0NN
situation0NN
africa0IN
potential0NN
electricity0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
capita0.049270765107907NN
estimate0NN
demand0NN
north0RB

West Africa

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Central Africa

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.902717615649585
WordScorePoS
central0.0924643738905717JJ
africa0IN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.430233548663895
WordScorePoS
central0.0440683498519077JJ
africa0IN

Southern Africa

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.579770174823443
WordScorePoS
southern0.0614198493690006JJ
africa0IN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.562497920631528
WordScorePoS
southern0.0595900566394012JJ
africa0IN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.439511469247332
WordScorePoS
southern0.0465610847355851JJ
africa0IN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.392800588174781
WordScorePoS
southern0.0416126148005059JJ
africa0IN

East Africa

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Total Potential regional power distribution from Grand Inga MW CENTRE COMELEC TUNISIA MW WEST COMELEC MOROCCO MW EAST COMELEC EGYPT Target networks Option Direct current kV with backbone North South coast in kV AC Multiregional projects kV CC Djamena Maroua MW EAPP NORTH SUDAN Lagdo THEN MW WAPP Ngaoundéré Nachtigal Yaoundé Kembé Bangul Yokadouma Chollet Memvé Elé Bata Ntoum Grand Poubara Chules de impératrice Bongolo Mongo Kamba Pointe Noire Cabinda Regional projects kV AC Lom Pangar Dimoll Douala Multiregional projects kV CC Inga Regional projects kV AC post Mobaye RDC Rwanda Burundi Tanzania projects kV AC Mbararra Gikondo Mukurunwa Kuharondo Kikoma Goma Rusomo Ruzizi Muvloha Biharamulo Kiliba Bujumbura Gitenga MW Rwendura EAPP SOUTH KENYA Maquela do Zombo Ulge Pambo de sanhe Lucala National projects kV AC Acronyms COMELEC Comité Maghrébin de l'Électricité EAPP Eastern Africa Power Pool kV Kilovolt SAPP Southern African Power Pool WAPP Western Africa Power Pool WESCOR Western Power Corridor MW SAPP CENTRE ZAMBIA MW SAPP WEST WESTCOR Chapter Source ECCAS

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

REGIONS

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.803472845684744
WordScorePoS
region0.184259548107002NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.544361576487689
WordScorePoS
region0.124837844401518NN

Large scale agricultural lease investments BOX study commissioned by the African Ministers Council on Water AMCOW and executed by the International Water Management Institute IWMI assessed the extent and prevalence of large scale agricultural lease investments LSALI in many countries in Africa IWMI

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.788464873188515
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
agricultural0JJ
investment0NN
study0NN
commission0NN
african0IN
water0.556409482163189NN
international0.00301873916506525JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
extent0NN
prevalence0NN
country0NN
africa0IN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.417289587747744
WordScorePoS
scale0.0357189919948307NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
investment0.0182713919265625NN
study0NN
commission0NN
african0IN
water0NN
international0.00515473144367677JJ
management0NN
extent0NN
prevalence0NN
country0NN
africa0IN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.279125180038637
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
agricultural0JJ
investment0NN
study0NN
commission0NN
african0IN
water0.186896403054502NN
international0.0023966944644375JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
extent0NN
prevalence0NN
country0NN
africa0IN

Proponents of LSALI contend that after years of difficulty in transforming low productivity traditional agricultural practices large scale private sector investments mainly as part of the overall efforts at attracting foreign direct investments FDI may provide an alternative means of acquiring the technologies needed in improving overall productivity in African agriculture

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.560644657820644
WordScorePoS
difficulty0NN
transform0VB
productivity0.0595900566394012NN
traditional0.0440683498519077JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
practice0.0252000451111224NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
private0JJ
sector0.0182713919265625NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
effort0NN
attract0VB
foreign0JJ
direct0JJ
provide0.0215170467912497VB
alternative0NN
means0NNS
acquire0NN
technology0.0130963126055467NN
improve0.0218534471578307VB
african0IN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.499820690162786
WordScorePoS
difficulty0.0602029956716497NN
transform0VB
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
traditional0JJ
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
practice0NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
private0.0368585655748969JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
effort0.0188543197850406NN
attract0VB
foreign0JJ
direct0JJ
provide0.00740117451847634VB
alternative0.0602029956716497NN
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acquire0NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
improve0VB
african0IN
agriculture0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.411550304996933
WordScorePoS
difficulty0NN
transform0VB
productivity0NN
traditional0JJ
agricultural0JJ
practice0NN
scale0NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
effort0NN
attract0.048933054487825VB
foreign0.036961556179878JJ
direct0.0299586785922821JJ
provide0.00601568197638796VB
alternative0NN
means0NNS
acquire0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
african0IN
agriculture0NN

AFRICA Sub Saharan African countries with total large scale investment in agricultural land greater than hectares

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.670569860718375
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
african0IN
country0NN
total0.0252000451111224NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
land0.0465651203624806NN
hectare0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.558438835621955
WordScorePoS
africa0IN
saharan0JJ
african0IN
country0NN
total0NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
agricultural0JJ
land0.123873694868802NN
hectare0.206935959588465NN

Medit er Algiers Tunis TUNISIA Rabat Madeira Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

PORTUGAL MOROCCO an ea These large scale investments are widespread across the continent and many are based on irrigated farming for both local consumption and exports of food crops livestock and biofuels

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.79334709588422
WordScorePoS
scale0.0357189919948307NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
continent0.0440683498519077NN
base0NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
local0.0155217067874935JJ
consumption0NN
export0.0881366997038154NN
food0.292342270824999NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
livestock0.0583416713841148NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.49902570053357
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
investment0NN
continent0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
farm0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
consumption0.332151194779746NN
export0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
crop0NN
livestock0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.175315642085522
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
continent0NN
base0NN
farm0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
consumption0.147812295323721NN
export0NN
food0NN
crop0NN
livestock0NN

Sea Tripoli Canary Is

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.844817233756252
WordScorePoS
sea0.16782457728855NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.491865812604444
WordScorePoS
sea0.0977100948994686NN

Cairo ALGERIA SPAIN LIBYA Laayoune EGYPT Western Sahara Re Se Malabo Yaoundé Principe São SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Tomé São Tomé Annobón Lake Albert Libreville GABON EQUATORIAL GUINEA Brazzaville Ascension T T UK Cabinda DEMOCRATIC RWANDA REPUBLIC Kigali OF THE Bujumbura Kinshasa CONGO Nairobi BURUNDI Lake Harare Kariba MO NAMIBIA BOTSWANA Windhoek UE ZA ZIMBABWE BI Gaborone Pretoria Mbabane Bloemfontein SOUTH AFRICA Providence Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

COMOROS MALAWI Lusaka Victoria SEYCHELLES Moroni Lilongwe ZAMBIA Amirante Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Zanzibar Aldabra Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Lake Nyasa UK INDIAN OCEAN Pemba Dodoma ANGOLA Mogadishu KENYA Lake Victoria TANZANIA St

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.892800972183285
WordScorePoS
lake0NN
ocean0.488550474497343NN
st0IN

Helena LI Kampala UNITED REPUBLIC OF Luanda SO Lake Turkana UGANDA Lake Tanganyika ANGOLA Addis Ababa Juba Mayotte Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

under French admin

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

EQUATORIAL GUINEA SOUTH SUDAN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bangui CAMEROON Farquhar Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Agalega Is

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

MAURITIUS Tromelin FRANCE Cargados Carajos Abidjan Abuja Porto Novo Socotra YEMEN ETHIOPIA AS LIBERIA NIGERIA AN Yamoussoukro Accra Ade Djibouti AG Monrovia EN TOGO CÔTED'IVOIRE SIERRA LEONE lf of DJIBOUTI Gu Antananarivo MAURITIUS Port Louis MAD GUINEA Asmara N'Djamena Ouagadougou Conakry Freetown ERITREA Khartoum Bissau GUINEA BISSAU BURKINA FASO SUDAN CHAD Lake Chad Niamey Banjul NIGER MALI Bamako SENEGAL Dakar GAMBIA om Praia MAURITANIA Nouakchott CAPE VERDE Réunion FRANCE Maputo SWAZILAND Maseru LESOTHO Cape Town Source IWMI

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

IWMI acknowledges support from FAO GRID Arendal and UNEP in the conduct of the study that produced this map and graph

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Production activities on large scale investment schemes in selected Sub Saharan African countries Area ha South Sudan Biofuel WWDR Zambia Food crop Ethiopia Mali Ghana Sierra Leone Tanzania Mozambique Livestock Africa In terms of agriculture Africa response led by the African Development Bank AfDB is to promote interventions which focus on water storage and management to overcome the low unreliable rainfall during the cropping season in situ rainwater management water harvesting or runoff harvesting and water management for crop growth in wetlands

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73138615345318
WordScorePoS
production0.0214003646985842NN
activity0.0502364757923669NN
scale0NN
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saharan0JJ
african0IN
country0NN
south0RB
food0.0214003646985842NN
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africa0IN
term0NN
agriculture0NN
response0NN
lead0NN
development0NN
bank0NN
promote0VB
intervention0NN
focus0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
overcome0VBN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.041835863322702NN
growth0NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.434343756706165
WordScorePoS
production0.118934074671047NN
activity0.0199423462679015NN
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african0IN
country0NN
south0RB
food0.186896403054502NN
crop0NN
livestock0NN
africa0IN
term0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
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lead0.0169905820958638NN
development0.022306853314744NN
bank0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
intervention0NN
focus0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
overcome0VBN
rainwater0NN
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
growth0NN
wetland0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.315662453683316
WordScorePoS
production0.0548141757796873NN
activity0NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
african0IN
country0NN
south0RB
food0.292342270824999NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
livestock0.0583416713841148NN
africa0IN
term0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
response0NN
lead0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN
promote0.00799614078871077VB
intervention0NN
focus0NN
water0NN
management0NN
overcome0VBN
rainwater0NN
harvest0NN
growth0.0252000451111224NN
wetland0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.158249510341519
WordScorePoS
production0.0504071033101074NN
activity0.0295821503613099NN
scale0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
saharan0JJ
african0IN
country0NN
south0RB
food0NN
crop0NN
livestock0NN
africa0IN
term0NN
agriculture0NN
response0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
bank0NN
promote0.0275746845422835VB
intervention0NN
focus0.0410992516792148NN
water0NN
management0NN
overcome0VBN
rainwater0NN
harvest0NN
growth0.208565600657229NN
wetland0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.115661706170181
WordScorePoS
production0NN
activity0NN
scale0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
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african0IN
country0NN
south0RB
food0NN
crop0NN
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africa0IN
term0.149793392961411NN
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development0.0469463607292177NN
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promote0.0100599344419752VB
intervention0NN
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Additional interventions will also focus on infrastructure for livestock fisheries and rural energy AfDB

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To achieve this regional and especially transboundary cooperation in the development of Africa water resources will be critical in the coming decades

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Transformation in agricultural production based on more acreage under irrigation transboundary hydropower generation and distribution through regional power pools and redoubled Chapter effort to meet the goals and targets of the African Water Vision will be essential

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Emerging approaches for meeting Africa energy and food security needs for sustainable development include inter regional generation and use of hydropower such as the Inga Power Project and Large Scale Agricultural Lease Investments

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Boxes

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provide an introduction to these emerging approaches for promoting virtuous upward spiral in the water food energy nexus for sustainable development in Africa

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They may stimulate some leapfrogging in the use of modern agricultural technologies and increase productivity

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These approaches have been proposed as essential to meeting the growing food and energy needs of an urbanizing and industrializing Africa

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REGIONS PART RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION Chapter

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Framework for implementing The Future We Want Consolation Prize Clean India Photo Contest Photo Dinesh Chandra WWDR Recognizing the critical role of water across the different developmental challenges described throughout this report is merely the first step towards achieving sustainable development

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True progress requires immediate and decisive action

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This part of the report presents roadmap of potential responses solution options and means of implementation that can be adopted to foster progress

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Since the challenges vary across the planet in both nature and scope it is incumbent upon stakeholders and decision makers in each region country basin and community to identify the most appropriate mix of options for their particular situation

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Implementing such action is necessary to ensure sustainable water management and mandatory path on the route towards sustainable development

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RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION Framework for implementing The Future We Want UNDP | Joakim Harlin Marianne Kjellén and Håkan Tropp WWAP | Richard Connor Joana Talafré Karine Peloffy Erum Hasan and Marie Claire Dumont

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Water and the three dimensions of sustainable development The outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio The Future We Want recognized that water is at the core of sustainable development and its social economic and environmental dimensions Assevero and Chitre

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Water is the lifeblood of the planet and of critical importance for all socio economic development

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From social perspective there are obvious connections between access to safe and adequate quantities of water and health for drinking first but also for hygiene and sanitation at the household community and national levels see Chapter

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Access to safe and predictable sources of water is essential to addressing the multiple forms of deprivation related to poverty see Chapter directly through drinking water and its relation to human health but also indirectly since water is required in most economic activity see Chapter

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the Rio Earth Summit in floods droughts and storms have affected

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billion people of all people affected by all disasters and caused US

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trillion of damage of all damage UNISDR

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The environmental dimension of water and sustainable development includes the role of healthy ecosystems which provide water services that have enormous societal value through flood control groundwater recharge river bank stabilization and erosion protection water purification biodiversity conservation as well as transportation recreation and tourism MEA see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.828144148391714
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
dimension0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
include0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
flood0.041835863322702NN
control0NN
recharge0.0683326727248364VB
river0.206460189193271NN
bank0NN
erosion0NN
protection0NN
biodiversity0NN
conservation0NN
transportation0NN
tourism0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.333916576081609
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
dimension0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
include0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
flood0NN
control0NN
recharge0VB
river0.0409791940864438NN
bank0NN
erosion0NN
protection0NN
biodiversity0NN
conservation0NN
transportation0.0332151194779746NN
tourism0.0332151194779746NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.267526872955692
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
dimension0NN
water0.016202004209163NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
include0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
provide0.0445201436316848VB
service0.0127200410376242NN
flood0.0316735178673487NN
control0.0264204925485796NN
recharge0VB
river0NN
bank0NN
erosion0NN
protection0NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
transportation0NN
tourism0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.206791195033819
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
dimension0.181686110904276NN
water0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
include0VB
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0NN
provide0.0295703421524739VB
service0.0443555132287109NN
flood0NN
control0.0614198493690006NN
recharge0VB
river0NN
bank0NN
erosion0NN
protection0.122839698738001NN
biodiversity0NN
conservation0NN
transportation0NN
tourism0NN

Drivers that affect water quality and quantity such as pollution species introductions changes in land use and climate change can also affect the ability of ecosystems to appropriately regulate themselves affecting other ecosystem services in turn

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.576384277709857
WordScorePoS
affect0.0397441667210336VB
water0.016202004209163NN
quality0NN
pollution0NN
species0.285061660806139NNS
introduction0.0517339898971162NN
land0.123873694868802NN
climate0.032404008418326NN
change0.0446918591208085NN
ability0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
regulate0VB
service0.0127200410376242NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.480604295149995
WordScorePoS
affect0.0336940052321454VB
water0NN
quality0NN
pollution0NN
species0NNS
introduction0NN
land0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
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ability0NN
ecosystem0NN
regulate0VB
service0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.466065256803459
WordScorePoS
affect0.0209983814716066VB
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
species0NNS
introduction0NN
land0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
ability0NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
regulate0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.235378856986571
WordScorePoS
affect0.0166714319731757VB
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
species0NNS
introduction0NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
climate0NN
change0NN
ability0.0409791940864438NN
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
regulate0VB
service0.00666957305782837NN

Removing or reducing these pressures is therefore necessary aspect of maintaining ecosystem integrity

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.490945306009896
WordScorePoS
remove0VB
reduce0.00709051106978941VB
pressure0NN
aspect0NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.575229936998183
WordScorePoS
remove0VB
reduce0.00799614078871077VB
pressure0.0440683498519077NN
aspect0NN
maintain0.0881366997038154VB
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.453985502963675
WordScorePoS
remove0VB
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
pressure0.055245183797332NN
aspect0NN
maintain0.055245183797332VB
ecosystem0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347751940603908
WordScorePoS
remove0.0542519672965169VB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
pressure0NN
aspect0NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN

The post development agenda Sustainable management of water resources and related infrastructure can greatly increase productivity in the agricultural and food sector see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.521847749834395
WordScorePoS
post0NN
development0NN
agenda0NN
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management0.0428007293971684NN
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related0.0524959536790166JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
productivity0NN
agricultural0JJ
food0.0214003646985842NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.507266271720936
WordScorePoS
post0NN
development0.0159922815774215NN
agenda0NN
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
management0NN
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
related0.00896409157262106JJ
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
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productivity0.0595900566394012NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.421608998733235
WordScorePoS
post0.0409791940864438NN
development0.022306853314744NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
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productivity0NN
agricultural0JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.369960304589081
WordScorePoS
post0NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
agenda0NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
management0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
food0.0188543197850406NN
sector0.0565629593551219NN

Achieving more efficient water use is crucial considering that production and consumption of agricultural products alone account for over of water withdrawals in many developing countries UNDESA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.725769226822009
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
efficient0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
crucial0JJ
production0.0214003646985842NN
consumption0NN
agricultural0JJ
product0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.600721485456389
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
crucial0JJ
production0.118934074671047NN
consumption0.332151194779746NN
agricultural0JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
withdrawal0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.184871641752166
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
efficient0JJ
water0NN
crucial0JJ
production0.0548141757796873NN
consumption0NN
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
product0NN
account0NN
withdrawal0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.159547695671819
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
efficient0JJ
water0NN
crucial0JJ
production0.0504071033101074NN
consumption0.147812295323721NN
agricultural0JJ
product0.0591643007226199NN
account0NN
withdrawal0NN
develop0VB
country0NN

Beyond the primary economic sectors water is also crucial to all other economic activities most notably through its role in energy production mining and tourism

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.525339057682791
WordScorePoS
primary0JJ
economic0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
water0.556409482163189NN
crucial0JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN
notably0RB
energy0.0153390539205676NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
tourism0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.471409775199682
WordScorePoS
primary0JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
water0.186896403054502NN
crucial0JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN
notably0RB
energy0.133960988253756NN
production0.118934074671047NN
tourism0.0332151194779746NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.4211607955579
WordScorePoS
primary0JJ
economic0JJ
sector0NN
water0NN
crucial0JJ
activity0NN
notably0RB
energy0.494617163780726NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
tourism0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.325097033656602
WordScorePoS
primary0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
water0NN
crucial0JJ
activity0.0295821503613099NN
notably0RB
energy0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
tourism0.049270765107907NN

Water scarcity could be an important obstacle for the expansion of the power sector especially in Asia southern Africa and the Middle East where the demand is set to grow rapidly WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.876130196897433
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
expansion0NN
power0NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
asia0IN
southern0JJ
africa0IN
middle0JJ
demand0NN
set0NN
grow0VB
rapidly0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.244852006540437
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
scarcity0NN
expansion0NN
power0NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
asia0IN
southern0JJ
africa0IN
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demand0NN
set0NN
grow0.0339811641917276VB
rapidly0RB

Water can also lead to economic losses due to water related hazards which have risen greatly in the last decade

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842704802986865
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
lead0NN
economic0JJ
loss0NN
due0.0590310971343993JJ
related0.0524959536790166JJ
hazard0NN
rise0.0251182378961834NN
decade0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.345805951273685
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
loss0.0468670845659596NN
due0.0234335422829798JJ
related0.00833571598658786JJ
hazard0NN
rise0NN
decade0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.128979669990363
WordScorePoS
water0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
loss0NN
due0JJ
related0.0123650647908625JJ
hazard0NN
rise0NN
decade0NN

Since WWDR

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Stocktaking at the end of the MDGs Achievements and lessons In September world leaders signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration from which emerged set of eight MDGs

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.667755271363772
WordScorePoS
achievement0.0299586785922821NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
unite0.036961556179878VB
nation0.0299586785922821NN
millennium0JJ
declaration0NN
emerge0VB
set0.0978661089756501NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.515151794420193
WordScorePoS
achievement0NN
world0.00351929966767313NN
unite0.0828215106044499VB
nation0.0671298309154199NN
millennium0JJ
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set0NN

For the first time there was an

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.829051546962935
WordScorePoS
time0.0607862199751165NN

BOX Economically addressing lack of safe drinking water and sanitation will lead to long lasting effects on human capital and growth

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.890352023345367
WordScorePoS
economically0RB
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lack0.0214003646985842NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
lead0NN
last0JJ
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human0.0127979231406811JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.245945452072438
WordScorePoS
economically0RB
address0NN
lack0.0252035516550537NN
safe0.0252035516550537JJ
drinking0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
lead0.0504071033101074NN
last0JJ
effect0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.162255283486098
WordScorePoS
economically0RB
address0NN
lack0NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
lead0.0169905820958638NN
last0JJ
effect0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
growth0NN

Recent estimates suggest that globally the benefits of achieving universal access to sanitation outweigh the costs by factor of

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.747819128149997
WordScorePoS
estimate0NN
suggest0VB
globally0RB
benefit0NN
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
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access0.00731085509381114NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
cost0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.436390230414208
WordScorePoS
estimate0.0221298700466866NN
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sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
cost0NN

to whereas for universal access to drinking water the ratio is estimated at to WHO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.916195598587549
WordScorePoS
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
ratio0NN
estimate0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.243955634805032
WordScorePoS
universal0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
ratio0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN

Millennium Development Goal Ensure environmental sustainability Target

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.54852919989316
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
goal0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
environmental0JJ
sustainability0.036961556179878NN
target0.0898760357768464NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.404261500120912
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
goal0NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN
target0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.362084036054299
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN
goal0NN
ensure0.0390988676729552VB
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target0.0499016491051341NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.359713166097153
WordScorePoS
millennium0.0911713013253052JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
goal0NN
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
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target0NN

A Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources Indicator

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.427948731746493
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
principle0.0977392570420122NN
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
country0NN
policy0.0848203862485078NN
programme0.029046330719385NN
reverse0NN
loss0NN
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
resource0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.402502460156286
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
principle0NN
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development0.022306853314744NN
country0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
reverse0NN
loss0.0468670845659596NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.362574729291186
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
principle0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
country0NN
policy0.0136980135278128NN
programme0NN
reverse0NN
loss0.0315914058171786NN
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
resource0.0449504361447405NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.356136141885235
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
principle0NN
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
development0.0164833460638534NN
country0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
programme0.0269969049497485NN
reverse0NN
loss0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
resource0.0739147683583536NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.331537615794842
WordScorePoS
integrate0VB
principle0.036961556179878NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
country0NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN
programme0NN
reverse0NN
loss0NN
environmental0JJ
resource0.0375923735942499NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.314204029895597
WordScorePoS
integrate0.0190167691930804VB
principle0NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
country0NN
policy0NN
programme0NN
reverse0.0517339898971162NN
loss0.0670377886812128NN
environmental0JJ
resource0.0317953333768269NN

Proportion of total water resources used arget

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.868061025331632
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
total0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.374047545010456
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
total0.0468670845659596NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

C Halve by the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Indicator

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.932077491353695
WordScorePoS
halve0.041835863322702VB
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
basic0.0181797964452808JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.19363439329339
WordScorePoS
halve0.0332151194779746VB
proportion0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
basic0.0144336476662975JJ
sanitation0NN

Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source Indicator

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.945611520946379
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.199438951077256
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
improve0VB
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN

Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility Source UNGA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.895398780289478
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
facility0NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Framework for implementing The Future We Want global agreement in which rich and developing countries recognized that they share the responsibility to end poverty and its root causes

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.616411345344906
WordScorePoS
framework0.0319966432858631NN
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future0NN
global0JJ
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develop0VB
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recognize0VB
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poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.341924033155006
WordScorePoS
framework0.0428212738652355NN
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future0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
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poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.311821305669454
WordScorePoS
framework0NN
implement0VB
future0NN
global0JJ
agreement0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
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responsibility0.0911713013253052NN
poverty0NN

Water underpins all the MDGs but is only explicitly included in Goal targets and Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.923860372670377
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
include0VB
goal0NN
target0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310322138841703
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
include0VB
goal0NN
target0NN

The MDGs have been successful in rallying public private and political support for global poverty reduction

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.506000905528569
WordScorePoS
successful0JJ
public0NN
private0JJ
political0JJ
support0.0184786920895884NN
global0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN
reduction0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.445711942577324
WordScorePoS
successful0.048933054487825JJ
public0.0390556786919513NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
political0JJ
support0.0451108483130998NN
global0.0201198688839505JJ
poverty0.0109843026967392NN
reduction0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.42140505067751
WordScorePoS
successful0JJ
public0.0727679293221751NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
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A major strength of the MDG framework has been its focus on limited set of concrete development goals and targets which has supported priority setting in national and international development policies

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For water the MDGs fostered greater coordination of international development efforts towards improving access to drinking water supply and sanitation

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However as the MDGs did not derive from consultative process with wide range of national level stakeholders they have suffered from perception of being donorcentric and being somewhat imbalanced regarding which topics were addressed

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For example no specific targets were included for sustainable water resources management surface and groundwater for water quality pollution wastewater treatment or for maintaining the roles of ecosystems

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Water related gender and hygiene dimensions were also lacking as were water related disasters

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The strength of being simple and relatively straightforward to measure also led to difficulties in accounting for the local context

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The way that the MDGs achievements are accumulated can mask significant regional and in country disparities

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Inequities between urban rural rich poor menwomen large and small countries are lost in the aggregated data

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Another set of problems with the MDGs stem from the use of proxy indicators

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The target for safe drinking water for example was captured by the proxy indicator for using an improved drinking water source Box

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and important aspects such as the quality availability and reliability of services were not included

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The limited scope of the MDGs has also not prompted developing countries − particularly those vulnerable to emerging challenges such as climate change food crises and rapidly increasing urbanization − to fully address governance related issues such as the development of robust government institutions social welfare systems and an enabling environment for civil society participation UN

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Despite some drawbacks however the MDGs created momentum and constituted vital instrument in focusing global attention to the lack of access to safe drinking water and sanitation

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Pioneering efforts also helped to highlight many institutional challenges such as lack of implementation capacity weak stakeholder participation Children learning the importance of proper hand washing and drinking safe water Had Ane Primary School Oudomxay Province Laos Photo Bart Verweij World Bank Chapter RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION and unclear mandates within government structures UN

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The achievement of the MDG drinking water target albeit measured through the proxy indicator of an improved water source demonstrates that setting international goals and targets can drive change through sustained commitment dedication of resources and effective implementation approaches UN

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As they come to an end the experience of the MDGs shows that thematically broader more detailed and context specific framework for water beyond the issues of water supply and sanitation is critical for the post development agenda

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The need for dedicated post goal for water Whereas the MDGs concentrated efforts on developing countries the post SDGs will aim for worldwide scope

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This is especially important in the context of water services since the drinking water and wastewater infrastructure of developed nations has deteriorated in the last decades ASCE and vulnerable populations still lack access to WASH in rich countries Government of Canada

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Water fundamental importance for human development the environment and the economy needs to feature prominently in the new post development agenda

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In UN Water recommended dedicated SDG for water with five target areas WASH ii water resources iii water governance iv water quality and wastewater management and water related disasters

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A dedicated water goal would create social economic financial and Technical advice from UN Water on possible global SDG for water helped inform discussions of the UN General Assembly Open Working Group OWG on Sustainable Development Goals

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.378401446812444
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global0.022306853314744JJ
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sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.179876307901711
WordScorePoS
dedicate0VB
water0NN
goal0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
financial0.0370951943725875JJ
technical0.0410992516792148JJ
global0.0220597476338268JJ
help0NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN

In September the General Assembly adopted resolution on the final report of the OWG on SDGs containing goals one of which is dedicated goal on water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.820033219303743
WordScorePoS
adopt0VB
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report0NN
goal0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.520794920537728
WordScorePoS
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
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report0.0409791940864438NN
goal0NN
dedicate0VB
water0.186896403054502NN

The General Assembly decided that the proposal of the OWG on the SDGs shall be the main basis for integrating sustainable development goals into the post development agenda while recognizing that other inputs will also be considered in the intergovernmental negotiating process at the th session of the GA UNGA

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

All dimensions of water suggested by UN Water were incorporated in the final report of the OWG Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882140129079455
WordScorePoS
dimension0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.41480484737956
WordScorePoS
dimension0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
suggest0VB
final0.108503934593034JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.144023973766533
WordScorePoS
dimension0.181686110904276NN
water0NN
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final0JJ
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Water is much more than cross cutting issue

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.914855044878306
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30729727419324
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Unless the fundamental role of water is recognized water resources and the impacts of its various uses are properly assessed and the major water related challenges are addressed many other critical objectives of the new development agenda will be unachievable UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.887262448265097
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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resource0.0104991907358033NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348667675882993
WordScorePoS
fundamental0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
recognize0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
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major0JJ
related0.00833571598658786JJ
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development0.022306853314744NN
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Water and water Outcomes of dedicated SDG for water as suggested by UN Water BOX

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.934981883040256
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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dedicate0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.314057823353373
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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dedicate0VB
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other benefits that greatly outweigh its costs UN Water and extend well beyond the water domain as it is normally understood Box

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.920606199266852
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
cost0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.332149872721955
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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The development of health education agriculture and food production energy industry and other social and economic activities all depend on the effective management protection and provision of water and the delivery of safe water supply and sanitation services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.664413794926206
WordScorePoS
development0NN
health0NN
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industry0NN
social0JJ
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effective0JJ
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provision0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.427253908319136
WordScorePoS
development0.022306853314744NN
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agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
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industry0NN
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management0.0339811641917276NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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supply0.0703006268489394NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.260224142003633
WordScorePoS
development0NN
health0NN
education0NN
agriculture0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
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industry0NN
social0JJ
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activity0NN
depend0VB
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management0NN
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provision0NN
water0NN
safe0JJ
supply0.0528748274225028NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.230769954444183
WordScorePoS
development0.0159922815774215NN
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agriculture0.148975141598503NN
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industry0NN
social0JJ
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activity0NN
depend0.0357189919948307VB
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protection0NN
provision0NN
water0NN
safe0.0182713919265625JJ
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.226180764055185
WordScorePoS
development0.0330049940546426NN
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agriculture0NN
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energy0.0540565419125769NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
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activity0NN
depend0VB
effective0JJ
management0NN
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provision0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
safe0JJ
supply0NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.158220152930668
WordScorePoS
development0.00837573444202498NN
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education0.0152605842304358NN
agriculture0NN
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social0JJ
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activity0NN
depend0VB
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management0.0127591822694525NN
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provision0.0249430985430622NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
supply0NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.143658032205804
WordScorePoS
development0.0279277626235394NN
health0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
agriculture0NN
food0NN
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energy0NN
industry0NN
social0JJ
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activity0NN
depend0VB
effective0.0365927233505197JJ
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water0NN
safe0.0255262687343935JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.13316270778038
WordScorePoS
development0.0055149369084567NN
health0NN
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agriculture0NN
food0NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
energy0NN
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social0.0504071033101074JJ
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management0NN
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provision0NN
water0NN
safe0.0252035516550537JJ
supply0NN
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service0.0197870712294258NN

Communities also need protection from the dangers that water related hazards can present

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.891557954558286
WordScorePoS
community0.0214003646985842NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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hazard0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300185778354188
WordScorePoS
community0.0169905820958638NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Healthy people niversal access to safe drinking water sanitation and hygiene improving water quality and raising service standards Increased prosperity The sustainable use and development of water resources increasing and sharing the available benefits Equitable societies through Robust and effective water governance with more effective institutions and administrative systems Protected ecosystems Improved water quality and wastewater management taking account of environmental limits Resilient communities Reduced risk of water related disasters to protect vulnerable groups and minimize economic losses Source UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.859843447039471
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
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protect0.0153390539205676VB
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environmental0JJ
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risk0NN
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source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.305378017148567
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
people0.0119834723221875NNS
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drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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improve0VB
quality0.0203215381458133NN
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governance0NN
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protect0.0121782716594324VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
wastewater0NN
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community0.0169905820958638NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.214703860561889
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
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system0.0315914058171786NN
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ecosystem0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.120049264414089
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
people0NNS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.111542952010256
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
people0.0159982027144574NNS
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water0.016202004209163NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0881719674084443
WordScorePoS
healthy0JJ
people0.0106656521351091NNS
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drinking0NN
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WWDR Framework for implementing The Future We Want BOX

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.446656278811074
WordScorePoS
framework0.0141533244035107NN
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future0.0543366405761884NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.425385491475913
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.389212201939955
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.388452615820852
WordScorePoS
framework0.028867295332595NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.368602709382637
WordScorePoS
framework0.0428212738652355NN
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Text related to water and sanitation in the final report of the Open Working Group on SDGs Introduction Paragraph

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.919508182743344
WordScorePoS
related0.0524959536790166JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.335916769079811
WordScorePoS
related0.00833571598658786JJ
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Rio outcome reaffirmed the need to be guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations with full respect for international law and its principles

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.382803530573633
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
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international0.0189945307832458JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.639575407010207
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.39760288959717
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
principle0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.369478647224978
WordScorePoS
outcome0NN
principle0.036961556179878NN
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It reaffirmed the importance of freedom peace and security respect for all human rights including the right to development and the right to an adequate standard of living including the right to food and water the rule of law good governance gender equality women empowerment and the overall commitment to just and democratic societies for development

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.58497466234724
WordScorePoS
freedom0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.40503256097052
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.37552912857217
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.267132583186462
WordScorePoS
freedom0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.261556826884386
WordScorePoS
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Proposed goal

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.821130922373558
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.36212103978285
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.301118842347411
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
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by build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate related extreme events and other economic social and environmental shocks and disasters Proposed goal

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.862240684444145
WordScorePoS
build0.0614198493690006VB
resilience0.0614198493690006NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
situation0.0519476926891779NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
exposure0.120266261535276NN
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
event0.0908430554521382NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
social0.112994637345193JJ
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
shock0.120266261535276NN
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
goal0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.286919318900114
WordScorePoS
build0VB
resilience0.0373517915079663NN
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
situation0.0631828116343571NN
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
exposure0NN
vulnerability0NN
climate0.0229054731708393NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
extreme0JJ
event0NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
social0.0458109463416786JJ
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
shock0NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
goal0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.251826845940751
WordScorePoS
build0VB
resilience0.0279982034978914NN
poor0JJ
vulnerable0.0171695137813101JJ
situation0NN
reduce0.00375696197697663VB
exposure0NN
vulnerability0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
extreme0.0335649154577099JJ
event0.0414107553022249NN
economic0JJ
social0JJ
environmental0JJ
shock0NN
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
goal0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.124908106781131
WordScorePoS
build0VB
resilience0NN
poor0JJ
vulnerable0JJ
situation0NN
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
exposure0NN
vulnerability0NN
climate0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
extreme0JJ
event0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
social0.0504071033101074JJ
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
shock0NN
disaster0NN
goal0NN

Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.629062661277027
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00837573444202498VB
healthy0.0615471563780609JJ
life0.0250390290383647NN
promote0.00837573444202498VB
age0.0893142758861673NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.536942855876574
WordScorePoS
ensure0.0247250190957801VB
healthy0JJ
life0.0184786920895884NN
promote0.0082416730319267VB
age0.112994637345193NN

by end the epidemics of AIDS tuberculosis malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis waterborne diseases and other communicable diseases

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.971539758007744
WordScorePoS
epidemic0.0407408489778079JJ
aid0.123094312756122NN
tuberculosis0.162963395911232NN
malaria0.20370424488904NN
neglect0.0407408489778079NN
tropical0.0407408489778079JJ
disease0.215415047323213NN
combat0.020806307400253NN
hepatitis0.0407408489778079NN
communicable0.122222546933424JJ

by substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air water and soil pollution and contamination Proposed goal

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.760675102360052
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
death0.0295155485671997NN
illness0NN
hazardous0.0516150472983178JJ
chemical0.041835863322702NN
air0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
soil0NN
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
contamination0NN
goal0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.452689284142949
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
reduce0.01675146888405VB
death0.193573191943949NN
illness0.0407408489778079NN
hazardous0.0307735781890304JJ
chemical0.0249430985430622NN
air0.020806307400253NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
soil0.020806307400253NN
pollution0.0175975629039954NN
contamination0.0407408489778079NN
goal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.383177058069774
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
death0NN
illness0NN
hazardous0JJ
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
air0.0554128417527413NN
water0.186896403054502NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
contamination0NN
goal0NN

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.937155772702909
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
availability0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.24260600540083
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
availability0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
management0.0339811641917276NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN

by achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.907625447641198
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.202015274090396
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
universal0JJ
equitable0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
affordable0JJ
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

by achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.644845237734587
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
defecation0.0683326727248364NN
pay0.0295155485671997NN
special0.0348974218717993JJ
attention0.041835863322702NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
situation0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.555328452795959
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
access0.00780347258345989NN
adequate0JJ
equitable0JJ
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
defecation0NN
pay0.078760887431929NN
special0JJ
attention0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
vulnerable0JJ
situation0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.271432802861339
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0308700730580309VB
access0.00697628678506322NN
adequate0JJ
equitable0.0299609328954485JJ
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
defecation0NN
pay0NN
special0JJ
attention0NN
woman0.0610612445035112NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
vulnerable0.051052537468787JJ
situation0.0352060273355634NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.306306665357907
WordScorePoS
achieve0VB
access0.00626002771693937NN
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
equitable0JJ
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
defecation0NN
pay0.0315914058171786NN
special0.0747035830159326JJ
attention0.08955644059472NN
woman0.0273960270556257NN
girl0NN
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
situation0.0631828116343571NN

by improve water quality by reducing pollution eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse by globally

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.907824992185029
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
pollution0.0590310971343993NN
eliminate0.0295155485671997VB
dump0.0683326727248364NN
minimize0.041835863322702VB
release0.0516150472983178NN
hazardous0.0516150472983178JJ
chemical0.041835863322702NN
material0.0516150472983178NN
halve0.041835863322702VB
proportion0.0428007293971684NN
untreated0.0683326727248364JJ
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
reuse0.103230094596636NN
globally0RB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306948128287567
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
pollution0.0234335422829798NN
eliminate0VB
dump0NN
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
release0.0409791940864438NN
hazardous0JJ
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
material0NN
halve0.0332151194779746VB
proportion0NN
untreated0JJ
wastewater0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB
safe0JJ
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
globally0RB

by substantially increase water use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.936918811028857
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
increase0.00905621749519576NN
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
withdrawal0.0683326727248364NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
freshwater0.041835863322702NN
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
people0.024149913320522NNS
suffer0.041835863322702VB

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.277346138665211
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
increase0.00958677785775002NN
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
withdrawal0NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
freshwater0NN
scarcity0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
people0.0119834723221875NNS
suffer0VB

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.0950659126218396
WordScorePoS
substantially0RB
increase0.0162235147372888NN
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
sector0NN
ensure0.0251662980592747VB
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
withdrawal0NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
freshwater0NN
scarcity0NN
reduce0.00838876601975825VB
people0.0108156764915259NNS
suffer0VB

by implement integrated water resources management at all levels including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.81171524450528
WordScorePoS
implement0.0127979231406811VB
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
include0VB
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356229942393179
WordScorePoS
implement0.0203215381458133VB
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
include0VB
transboundary0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN

by protect and restore water related ecosystems including mountains forests wetlands rivers aquifers and lakes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.835672048615777
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
restore0.041835863322702VB
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
include0VB
mountain0.0516150472983178NN
forest0.041835863322702NN
wetland0.0516150472983178NN
river0.206460189193271NN
aquifer0.136665345449673NN
lake0.103230094596636NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.491780629045175
WordScorePoS
protect0.046452183350325VB
restore0.0633470357346975VB
water0.016202004209163NN
related0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
include0VB
mountain0.0781544824456958NN
forest0.380082214408185NN
wetland0.0390772412228479NN
river0NN
aquifer0NN
lake0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.203105364771618
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
restore0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
include0VB
mountain0NN
forest0NN
wetland0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
aquifer0NN
lake0.0409791940864438NN

a by expand international cooperation and capacity building support to developing countries in water and sanitation related activities and programmes including water harvesting desalination water efficiency wastewater treatment recycling and reuse technologies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.919469541943368
WordScorePoS
expand0.0251182378961834VB
international0.00301873916506525JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
capacity0.0104991907358033NN
building0.0348974218717993NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
activity0.0502364757923669NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
include0VB
harvest0.041835863322702NN
desalination0.0683326727248364NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
recycle0.103230094596636VB
reuse0.103230094596636NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.27921908781231
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
international0.0023966944644375JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
capacity0.00833571598658786NN
building0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
activity0.0199423462679015NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
include0VB
harvest0.0664302389559493NN
desalination0NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
recycle0.0819583881728876VB
reuse0.0409791940864438NN
technology0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.120324460912593
WordScorePoS
expand0VB
international0.00648516099948979JJ
cooperation0.0183291958415182NN
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
building0.149940347231585NN
support0.0451108483130998NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
related0JJ
activity0NN
programme0NN
include0VB
harvest0NN
desalination0NN
efficiency0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
recycle0VB
reuse0NN
technology0.109843026967392NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.117020071639945
WordScorePoS
expand0.0449973847138318VB
international0.00540783824576293JJ
cooperation0.0229264916384433NN
capacity0NN
building0NN
support0.0188084899376888NN
develop0VB
country0NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
related0JJ
activity0NN
programme0.0274787313211514NN
include0VB
harvest0NN
desalination0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
recycle0VB
reuse0NN
technology0.109914925284606NN

b support and strengthen the participation of local communities for improving water and sanitation management Proposed goal

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.917882698743232
WordScorePoS
support0.0209983814716066NN
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
participation0.0348974218717993NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
community0.0214003646985842NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
goal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.230933359412948
WordScorePoS
support0.00833571598658786NN
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
participation0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
community0.0169905820958638NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
goal0NN

Make cities and human settlements inclusive safe resilient and sustainable

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.96716897869011
WordScorePoS
city0.607697021770652NN
human0.0273960270556257JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN
inclusive0.0583751976558017JJ
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
resilient0.0747035830159326JJ
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ

by significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of affected people and decrease by the economic losses relative to GDP caused by disasters including water related disasters with the focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations Proposed goal

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.573564830935023
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
death0.0295155485671997NN
affect0.0209983814716066VB
people0.024149913320522NNS
decrease0NN
economic0JJ
loss0NN
relative0JJ
gdp0NN
cause0NN
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
include0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
focus0NN
protect0.0153390539205676VB
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
situation0.0295155485671997NN
goal0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.553486471985198
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.0200483235258943VB
death0.0315914058171786NN
affect0.0112376090361851VB
people0.0161552501392041NNS
decrease0.0731385760866977NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
loss0.0315914058171786NN
relative0.0731385760866977JJ
gdp0NN
cause0.04477822029736NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
include0VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
related0.0112376090361851JJ
focus0.0373517915079663NN
protect0.0328357290160445VB
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
situation0.0631828116343571NN
goal0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.38212399202562
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
death0NN
affect0.0184786920895884VB
people0.0371911007748996NNS
decrease0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
loss0NN
relative0JJ
gdp0NN
cause0NN
disaster0.0519476926891779NN
include0VB
water0NN
related0.0184786920895884JJ
focus0NN
protect0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
situation0.0519476926891779NN
goal0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.234334507263674
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
death0NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
people0.0119834723221875NNS
decrease0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
loss0.0468670845659596NN
relative0JJ
gdp0NN
cause0NN
disaster0NN
include0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
focus0NN
protect0.0121782716594324VB
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
vulnerable0JJ
situation0NN
goal0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.170670483013848
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.01675146888405VB
death0.193573191943949NN
affect0.00625975725959118VB
people0.00539943740774902NNS
decrease0NN
economic0JJ
loss0NN
relative0JJ
gdp0NN
cause0NN
disaster0NN
include0VB
water0.0382775468083574NN
related0.0125195145191824JJ
focus0NN
protect0.00914534810831654VB
poor0JJ
vulnerable0JJ
situation0NN
goal0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.134741843410878
WordScorePoS
significantly0RB
reduce0.0055149369084567VB
death0NN
affect0VB
people0.0106656521351091NNS
decrease0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
loss0NN
relative0JJ
gdp0NN
cause0NN
disaster0NN
include0VB
water0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
focus0.0410992516792148NN
protect0.0180650490434051VB
poor0JJ
vulnerable0JJ
situation0NN
goal0NN

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.899483439430164
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
consumption0.332151194779746NN
production0.118934074671047NN
pattern0.0819583881728876NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.331381971932242
WordScorePoS
ensure0VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
consumption0.147812295323721NN
production0.0504071033101074NN
pattern0NN

by achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle in accordance with agreed international frameworks and significantly reduce their release to air water and soil to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment Proposed goal

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.716049489704755
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
environmentally0RB
sound0.0234335422829798NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
chemical0.0332151194779746NN
waste0.138532104381853NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
cycle0.108503934593034NN
accordance0.0365348149782971NN
agree0.0234335422829798VB
international0.0023966944644375JJ
framework0.028867295332595NN
significantly0RB
reduce0.022306853314744VB
release0.0409791940864438NN
air0.0554128417527413NN
water0.186896403054502NN
soil0.0554128417527413NN
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
adverse0.0664302389559493JJ
impact0.0866018859977851NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
health0.0339811641917276NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
goal0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.486397983371111
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
environmentally0RB
sound0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
chemical0.041835863322702NN
waste0NN
life0NN
cycle0NN
accordance0NN
agree0VB
international0.00301873916506525JJ
framework0NN
significantly0RB
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
release0.0516150472983178NN
air0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
soil0NN
minimize0.041835863322702VB
adverse0JJ
impact0.0181797964452808NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
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environment0NN
goal0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.228543651417963
WordScorePoS
achieve0.00385756426954823VB
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sound0NN
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air0.020806307400253NN
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Protect restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems sustainably manage forests combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and biodiversity loss

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.975670813508866
WordScorePoS
protect0.046452183350325VB
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by ensure conservation restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services in particular forests wetlands mountains and drylands in line with obligations under international agreements

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.947494572480221
WordScorePoS
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inland0RB
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by introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species Source UNGA

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.786396416927571
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.424633489510536
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.235748862798564
WordScorePoS
introduce0VB
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Chapter RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION infrastructure will be vital part of the foundations for sustainable development poverty alleviation and human well being irrespective of the post development agenda outcome

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.488308462438952
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.434657756651146
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response0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.346008315841801
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.312253898173817
WordScorePoS
response0NN
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Hence water problems and water inter linkages to sustainable development will need to be addressed for generations to come − even in the absence of dedicated water SDG in the post development agenda

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.868620075637903
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387074263622106
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Achieving The Future We Want Sustainable development is recognized as the way to collectively progress as global society

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.401958011070271
WordScorePoS
achieve0VB
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.392833319933539
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0152398983378455VB
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.38607532626684
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.320704352255825
WordScorePoS
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.314538940851913
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0114006914853063VB
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But there are many questions How does one achieve success on such an ambitious but somewhat ambiguous quest

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

How can balance be reached between different societal interests

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.739280600637778
WordScorePoS
reach0.0658099748168827NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.560573396751934
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reach0.0499016491051341NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373124188943365
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What and whose priorities should take precedence

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.723701768198521
WordScorePoS
priority0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.690112853601738
WordScorePoS
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What trade offs need to be made

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.617110756836237
WordScorePoS
trade0.0591643007226199NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.562843588263963
WordScorePoS
trade0.0539615408530051NN

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.407935960143872
WordScorePoS
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Ban Ki moon United Nations Secretary General speaks of the dilemma of sustainable development and water stating There is still enough water for all of us but only so long as we keep it clean use it more wisely and share it fairly Planet Under Pressure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.781811352820702
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.475159757127701
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289050404099495
WordScorePoS
ban0NN
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Water management and decisions affecting water will play key role in tackling the development challenges of the twenty first century including urbanization sustainable industrial development and economic growth eradicating persistent poverty ensuring food security responding to new patterns of consumption and conserving threatened ecosystems

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.531600205342463
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.489601333254191
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.288909269550797
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.255763947102611
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.246500346224105
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.245153627690622
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.233402551999511
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.225388157264516
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.157259262518098
WordScorePoS
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Demand for water is increasing from all sectors particularly for energy manufacturing industry and agriculture in developing countries and emerging economies OECD

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.512720371864544
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.499826119451356
WordScorePoS
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.475882143864034
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.401422122715538
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.185108974481762
WordScorePoS
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The paradox is that water is essential for development but at the same time development and economic growth will put pressure on the resource and challenge water security for humans and nature

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.729412560398674
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.422776870461323
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.250179011576874
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There are also major uncertainties about the precise amounts of water required to meet the demand for food energy and other human uses and to sustain ecosystems see Section

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.516488407759686
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.505083487422101
WordScorePoS
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.459642542819328
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.364587108946583
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.19316040816252
WordScorePoS
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These uncertainties are further exacerbated by the impact of climate change on available water resources see Chapter

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.688870143133707
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.545987083516923
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294113640082665
WordScorePoS
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Unfortunately water management is far too often done in hindsight

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.907043790181478
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334349485198824
WordScorePoS
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The real drivers of water demand and use are mainly found in the need for more food fodder and fibre energy production mining of minerals industry and manufacturing and for meeting increasing domestic needs especially in rapidly growing cities

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.48277833446672
WordScorePoS
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domestic0.0315914058171786JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0.0229054731708393VB
city0.607697021770652NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.425495668406799
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
demand0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
production0.118934074671047NN
industry0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
domestic0JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0.0339811641917276VB
city0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.425173638326323
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
demand0.030745604615229NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
production0.0188543197850406NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
manufacture0.240811982686599NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0.0188543197850406VB
city0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.395880837455506
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
demand0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
production0.0214003646985842NN
industry0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
domestic0JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0VB
city0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.372969593601827
WordScorePoS
water0NN
demand0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
production0.0383371018038178NN
industry0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.0162235147372888NN
domestic0JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0VB
city0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.295368157412503
WordScorePoS
water0NN
demand0.0297950283197006NN
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
production0.0548141757796873NN
industry0NN
manufacture0NN
increase0.0128868286091919NN
domestic0JJ
rapidly0RB
grow0.0182713919265625VB
city0.0440683498519077NN

The fact that multi uses of water are critical for development combined with its dispersed decision making character makes water WWDR management the responsibility of many different decision makers in public and private sectors

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.799328026818972
WordScorePoS
multus0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
critical0JJ
development0NN
decision0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
responsibility0NN
maker0NN
public0NN
private0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.351044961541169
WordScorePoS
multus0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
critical0JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
decision0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
responsibility0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN
public0.028867295332595NN
private0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN

How can such shared responsibility be turned into something constructive that different parties can rally around to collectively make informed decisions

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.7214394520555
WordScorePoS
share0.0285529457667019NN
responsibility0.0911713013253052NN
party0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.443280617355802
WordScorePoS
share0.0766240489430275NN
responsibility0NN
party0NN
decision0.0211360962287062NN

There are no quick fixes or silver bullets

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

It is equally apparent that different societal contexts need to find their own unique ways and apply their own measures to achieve the future they want

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.523494913289174
WordScorePoS
context0NN
measure0.103895385378356NN
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
future0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.510638942017369
WordScorePoS
context0.0414107553022249NN
measure0.0710409787438328NN
achieve0VB
future0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.414332403450497
WordScorePoS
context0NN
measure0.0504000902222448NN
achieve0.0110482109530745VB
future0.0297950283197006NN

Like the MDGs the SDGs will continue to provide government guidance and momentum for development priorities as well as better alignment between bilateral and multilateral donor organizations

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.639530688405589
WordScorePoS
continue0VB
provide0.00601568197638796VB
government0.048933054487825NN
development0.0469463607292177NN
priority0NN
multilateral0.048933054487825JJ
organization0.0422721924574123NN

Tensions between multiple water priorities and entitlements will need to be resolved contextually by water stakeholders on the ground Tremblay

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.911454168574209
WordScorePoS
multiple0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
priority0NN
stakeholder0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373282932064656
WordScorePoS
multiple0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN

Vulnerability to climate change and other hazards − including economic volatility − is highly inclined towards the poor

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.793516517921482
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
hazard0.0548233071065585NN
include0VB
economic0JJ
volatility0NN
highly0RB
poor0JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.428471881722053
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0.120266261535276NN
climate0.0376648791150643NN
change0NN
hazard0NN
include0VB
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
volatility0NN
highly0RB
poor0.150659516460257JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.136049867802102
WordScorePoS
vulnerability0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
hazard0NN
include0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
volatility0NN
highly0RB
poor0JJ

It is the bottom billion that suffers from lack of access to services and from the most severe consequences of natural and human made disasters

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.567350319532194
WordScorePoS
bottom0NN
suffer0VB
lack0.0229054731708393NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
service0.0269743071558856NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
human0.0273960270556257JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.460159017291422
WordScorePoS
bottom0NN
suffer0VB
lack0.0753297582301286NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
natural0.0376648791150643JJ
human0JJ
disaster0.0519476926891779NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.369460423419409
WordScorePoS
bottom0NN
suffer0.041835863322702VB
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
human0.0127979231406811JJ
disaster0.0590310971343993NN

A new grip on poverty and solid commitment to governance risk and security issues and equity is required in the coming decades

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.595317215538549
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
commitment0NN
governance0NN
risk0.0519476926891779NN
security0NN
issue0NN
require0VB
decade0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.455976675653524
WordScorePoS
poverty0NN
commitment0.0414107553022249NN
governance0NN
risk0NN
security0NN
issue0.0335649154577099NN
require0.0473606524958885VB
decade0.124232265906675NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.326479090172952
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
commitment0NN
governance0NN
risk0NN
security0NN
issue0NN
require0.104282800328615VB
decade0NN

It must take into account investments needed in infrastructure institutional development human capacities and technological application and innovation

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.732638010561434
WordScorePoS
account0.0160169090870187NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
institutional0JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
capacity0NN
technological0.104016094894625JJ
innovation0.122982418460916NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.38053787900667
WordScorePoS
account0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
human0JJ
capacity0.0451108483130998NN
technological0JJ
innovation0.0499801157438617NN

Addressing the governance crisis Reorienting policy frameworks The global water crisis is mainly one of governance WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780294100738136
WordScorePoS
address0NN
governance0NN
policy0NN
framework0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.356363991671635
WordScorePoS
address0NN
governance0NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.334418173984727
WordScorePoS
address0NN
governance0.107490825192354NN
policy0.0201317944152378NN
framework0NN
global0.00736619084902312JJ
water0NN

Addressing the challenges related to water requires changing the way we assess manage and use our water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.809783483654481
WordScorePoS
address0NN
challenge0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
change0NN
manage0VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.337775472481336
WordScorePoS
address0NN
challenge0.0236803262479443NN
related0.0168470026160727JJ
water0NN
require0.0473606524958885VB
change0.402565546215053NN
manage0VB
resource0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324153435184385
WordScorePoS
address0NN
challenge0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
change0NN
manage0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Progress calls for engaging broad range of societal actors to take account of water in their decisionmaking processes and responses

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.74352098882661
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
engage0VB
range0NN
actor0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
decisionmake0NN
process0NN
response0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.492810337883257
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
engage0.0819583881728876VB
range0NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
water0.186896403054502NN
decisionmake0NN
process0NN
response0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.300086601542335
WordScorePoS
progress0.0221298700466866NN
engage0.0454743001434393VB
range0.0368585655748969NN
actor0NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
decisionmake0NN
process0.0737171311497939NN
response0NN

Research shows that essential governance features incorporate inclusive structures that can enable effective legal frameworks reduction of inequality open access to systematically updated data and information and meaningful stakeholder participation Planet Under Pressure

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.665720779715157
WordScorePoS
research0NN
essential0JJ
governance0NN
feature0NN
inclusive0.0172128079963482JJ
structure0NN
enable0VB
effective0.0145231653596925JJ
legal0JJ
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reduction0.0475643836183697NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
datum0NN
information0NN
meaningful0JJ
stakeholder0NN
participation0NN
planet0NN
pressure0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.416706680435096
WordScorePoS
research0NN
essential0.0395122861608378JJ
governance0.107490825192354NN
feature0NN
inclusive0.0857932776726581JJ
structure0NN
enable0VB
effective0.0482582488828229JJ
legal0.0811931365363091JJ
framework0NN
reduction0NN
inequality0NN
access0.00690021170452351NN
datum0NN
information0.0241291244414115NN
meaningful0JJ
stakeholder0NN
participation0.0548954478802642NN
planet0NN
pressure0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.317068863638177
WordScorePoS
research0NN
essential0JJ
governance0NN
feature0NN
inclusive0.0130185595639838JJ
structure0.048933054487825NN
enable0.0499801157438617VB
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
legal0JJ
framework0.0130185595639838NN
reduction0NN
inequality0NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
datum0.0739231123597559NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
meaningful0JJ
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
participation0NN
planet0.0211360962287062NN
pressure0NN

Inclusive governance structures recognize the dispersion of decision making across various levels and entities from the local to the global level gender and socio economic stakeholder aspects and interdependencies between public and private sectors

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.575954054195395
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
governance0NN
structure0NN
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
decision0.0393804437159645NN
level0.0172651853471334NN
local0JJ
global0JJ
gender0.196902218579822NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
stakeholder0NN
aspect0NN
public0.0727679293221751NN
private0.0558185411034276JJ
sector0.0571058915334038NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.230137048890673
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0214106369326177JJ
governance0NN
structure0NN
recognize0VB
decision0NN
level0.00761994916892276NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
global0.0220597476338268JJ
gender0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
stakeholder0NN
aspect0NN
public0NN
private0JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.407525368808829
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0130185595639838JJ
governance0NN
structure0.048933054487825NN
recognize0VB
decision0.0211360962287062NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
local0.0130185595639838JJ
global0.0201198688839505JJ
gender0.0211360962287062NN
economic0JJ
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
aspect0NN
public0.0390556786919513NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.391598386687165
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0857932776726581JJ
governance0.107490825192354NN
structure0NN
recognize0VB
decision0.0464294830712827NN
level0.0610668815653026NN
local0JJ
global0.00736619084902312JJ
gender0NN
economic0JJ
stakeholder0NN
aspect0NN
public0.0285977592242194NN
private0JJ
sector0NN

This is particularly true for water where the agents of change are numerous and the drivers multiple

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.757478900350565
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
change0NN
multiple0JJ

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.548040457686824
WordScorePoS
water0NN
change0.402565546215053NN
multiple0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.254435063390381
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
change0NN
multiple0JJ

It is for example imperative to recognize women contributions to local water management and their role in decision making related to water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.874294043926918
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
woman0.0127979231406811NN
contribution0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
decision0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303787819833895
WordScorePoS
recognize0VB
woman0NN
contribution0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
decision0NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.223798420313462
WordScorePoS
recognize0.0558185411034276VB
woman0.221979360474357NN
contribution0NN
local0JJ
water0NN
management0NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
related0JJ

Water aspects need to be clearly visible and Framework for implementing The Future We Want accounted for in decisions to promote food and energy security

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.522644819283864
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
aspect0NN
framework0NN
implement0.0127979231406811VB
future0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
decision0NN
promote0VB
food0.0214003646985842NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
security0.0348974218717993NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.521241765568136
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
aspect0NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
implement0.0203215381458133VB
future0.0277064208763707NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
decision0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
security0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.478895752102086
WordScorePoS
water0NN
aspect0NN
framework0NN
implement0VB
future0NN
account0NN
decision0NN
promote0.00838876601975825VB
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
security0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.351754540313874
WordScorePoS
water0NN
aspect0NN
framework0NN
implement0.0109267235789154VB
future0.0297950283197006NN
account0NN
decision0NN
promote0.00799614078871077VB
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
security0.0893850849591018NN

Many paths to sustainable development are linked to water but the decisions that determine how water resources are used or abused are largely driven by economic sectors

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.822521367094128
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
drive0NN
economic0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369087390491419
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
drive0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.128048729765269
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
water0NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0123650647908625NN
drive0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN

Achieving the vision for the future of water see Prologue will require reorienting policy frameworks significantly to strengthen public policies and institutions including planning systems and decision making processes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.49933281778231
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
vision0NN
future0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
require0VB
policy0NN
framework0NN
significantly0RB
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
public0NN
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include0VB
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system0NN
decision0NN
process0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.367018045175555
WordScorePoS
achieve0VB
vision0NN
future0NN
water0NN
require0VB
policy0.0201317944152378NN
framework0NN
significantly0RB
strengthen0.0396437925143789VB
public0.0285977592242194NN
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include0VB
plan0NN
system0NN
decision0.0464294830712827NN
process0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.344470320989067
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
vision0NN
future0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
policy0.0203215381458133NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
significantly0RB
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include0VB
plan0.0144336476662975NN
system0NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.320238862271855
WordScorePoS
achieve0.018377882320743VB
vision0NN
future0NN
water0NN
require0VB
policy0.0848203862485078NN
framework0NN
significantly0RB
strengthen0.00795378154685591VB
public0.0172128079963482NN
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plan0.0344256159926965NN
system0NN
decision0.02794560829783NN
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During recent years many countries have re oriented their water policies towards an IWRM approach

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861071563022826
WordScorePoS
country0NN
orient0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
policy0NN
approach0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.404637789272559
WordScorePoS
country0NN
orient0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN

Fundamentally the IWRM approach can be seen as set of management methodologies to achieve coordinated development and management of water land and related resources that aims to achieve sustainable water development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.784870459458557
WordScorePoS
approach0NN
set0NN
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coordinate0NN
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
land0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
aim0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.409920698889516
WordScorePoS
approach0.0542519672965169NN
set0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
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coordinate0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
land0.0144336476662975NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
aim0.0277064208763707NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ

It provides sound basis for countries to adopt more integrated Many paths to sustainable development are linked to water but the decisions that determine how water resources are used or abused are largely driven by economic sectors decision making that provides greater incentives for sustainable development with water as the catalyst for progress Planet Under Pressure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.79691561290658
WordScorePoS
sound0NN
basis0NN
country0NN
adopt0VB
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
drive0NN
economic0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
incentive0NN
progress0NN
planet0.0295155485671997NN
pressure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373188695581874
WordScorePoS
sound0.0234335422829798NN
basis0NN
country0NN
adopt0.0169905820958638VB
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
water0.186896403054502NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
drive0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
incentive0NN
progress0NN
planet0.0234335422829798NN
pressure0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.126688668494191
WordScorePoS
sound0NN
basis0NN
country0NN
adopt0VB
integrate0.0295821503613099VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
water0NN
decision0NN
determine0VB
resource0.0123650647908625NN
drive0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN
incentive0NN
progress0.0591643007226199NN
planet0NN
pressure0NN

Yet while some countries have made great strides to implement various aspects of IWRM including for example decentralized management and the creation of river basin organizations many others still face huge implementation problems and water reform is stalling WWAP and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.869182434481858
WordScorePoS
country0NN
stride0NN
implement0.0127979231406811VB
aspect0NN
include0VB
management0.0428007293971684NN
creation0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
organization0NN
implementation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
reform0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296118249052729
WordScorePoS
country0NN
stride0NN
implement0.0203215381458133VB
aspect0NN
include0VB
management0.0339811641917276NN
creation0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
basin0NN
organization0NN
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
reform0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.22137127773483
WordScorePoS
country0NN
stride0NN
implement0.030144637392549VB
aspect0NN
include0VB
management0NN
creation0.160952962344818NN
river0NN
basin0NN
organization0.0347609334428716NN
implementation0NN
water0NN
reform0NN

While the rationales for IWRM implementation have been too much geared towards economic efficiency there is need to put more emphasis on issues of equity and environmental sustainability WGF

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.423408201051767
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
efficiency0.0295821503613099NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.304628029289673
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0JJ
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
issue0NN
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.460205100968099
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.394061341402994
WordScorePoS
implementation0.0475643836183697NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
efficiency0NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0237821918091848JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.33049799518639
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
efficiency0.0537696560159885NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316376416451288
WordScorePoS
implementation0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
efficiency0NN
issue0NN
environmental0.0442083771593746JJ
sustainability0NN

For example the use of human rights based approaches can sharpen the focus on equity through targeted work on social political and administrative accountability non discrimination and rule of law Tremblay

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.449461679683403
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
rights0NNS
base0NN
approach0NN
focus0NN
target0NN
social0JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN
discrimination0NN
rule0.162386273072618NN
law0.164686343640793NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.541741374631607
WordScorePoS
human0.0170753354211044JJ
rights0.078760887431929NNS
base0NN
approach0NN
focus0NN
target0NN
social0.0285529457667019JJ
political0.111637082206855JJ
accountability0NN
discrimination0.111637082206855NN
rule0NN
law0.0465610847355851NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.388598117816656
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
rights0.0519476926891779NNS
base0.0442083771593746NN
approach0NN
focus0NN
target0NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN
discrimination0.0736315832425121NN
rule0NN
law0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.31705351068431
WordScorePoS
human0JJ
rights0NNS
base0.017987180284335NN
approach0NN
focus0NN
target0.0898760357768464NN
social0JJ
political0JJ
accountability0.048933054487825NN
discrimination0NN
rule0.0739231123597559NN
law0NN

Different scales require different solutions

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.55383308142296
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
require0.0473606524958885VB
solution0.0671298309154199NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.504454719069753
WordScorePoS
scale0NN
require0.104282800328615VB
solution0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.482388342166472
WordScorePoS
scale0.0368585655748969NN
require0.0260040237236563VB
solution0.0368585655748969NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.34557211765367
WordScorePoS
scale0.0357189919948307NN
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solution0.0357189919948307NN

Growing demand for and use of water will have impacts beyond country borders and make water primary strategic national resource

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.848646511475531
WordScorePoS
grow0VB
demand0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN
country0NN
border0NN
primary0JJ
national0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.404057613719082
WordScorePoS
grow0.0339811641917276VB
demand0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
country0NN
border0NN
primary0JJ
national0.00743561777158133JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

There are number of transboundary river commissions that mediate different country interests and promote technical cooperation such as the Mekong River Commission Zambezi Watercourse Commission Chapter Irrigation channels carry water from its source to the top of the village Al Hamra' Ad Dakhiliyah Oman Photo Simon Monk Orange Senqu River Commission and many more

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.936725032861071
WordScorePoS
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
commission0NN
country0NN
promote0VB
technical0JJ
cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
water0.556409482163189NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.233743819292088
WordScorePoS
transboundary0JJ
river0.0409791940864438NN
commission0NN
country0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
technical0JJ
cooperation0.0203215381458133NN
irrigation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
source0NN

There are also many cases of bilateral and multilateral collaborations and agreements

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.560199995564987
WordScorePoS
multilateral0.048933054487825JJ
agreement0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.531538373863186
WordScorePoS
multilateral0JJ
agreement0.0464294830712827NN

For example the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam GERD for hydropower has created downstream concerns particularly in Egypt

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

In August Egypt Ethiopia and Sudan agreed to form committee to serve as joint negotiation platform and to perform independent studies on the impacts of the dam FDRE

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.464599788014596
WordScorePoS
agree0VB
form0.158049144643351NN
serve0VB
negotiation0NN
platform0NN
study0NN
impact0.0285977592242194NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.575232228244154
WordScorePoS
agree0.0393804437159645VB
form0.100540298425703NN
serve0VB
negotiation0NN
platform0.0911713013253052NN
study0NN
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While all three countries have legitimate claims and concerns the dam will produce energy that can benefit the entire region energy security

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.905111822084664
WordScorePoS
country0NN
legitimate0JJ
produce0VB
energy0.494617163780726NN
benefit0NN
region0NN
security0.0625160381065121NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.259151557766851
WordScorePoS
country0NN
legitimate0JJ
produce0.0332151194779746VB
energy0.133960988253756NN
benefit0NN
region0NN
security0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.158569467401808
WordScorePoS
country0NN
legitimate0JJ
produce0VB
energy0NN
benefit0NN
region0.184259548107002NN
security0NN

A regional perspective that takes into account other ongoing economic collaborations and broader trade issues e

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.500787353257315
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
perspective0NN
account0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
trade0.0591643007226199NN
issue0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.394851739318072
WordScorePoS
regional0.0519476926891779JJ
perspective0NN
account0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
trade0NN
issue0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.385067632231193
WordScorePoS
regional0JJ
perspective0NN
account0.0172128079963482NN
economic0.103276847978089JJ
trade0.0237821918091848NN
issue0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.336812857140325
WordScorePoS
regional0.0422721924574123JJ
perspective0NN
account0NN
economic0JJ
trade0.0539615408530051NN
issue0.0299586785922821NN

food and energy can open up space for more constructive negotiations and dialogues

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.745715718321091
WordScorePoS
food0.0383371018038178NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
space0NN
negotiation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.448947340304406
WordScorePoS
food0.186896403054502NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
space0NN
negotiation0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.42737316755701
WordScorePoS
food0.292342270824999NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
space0NN
negotiation0NN

The need for taking broader political economy dynamics in society into account is also illustrated by gender issues and water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.705714841315342
WordScorePoS
political0JJ
economy0NN
society0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
gender0NN
issue0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.477298392689237
WordScorePoS
political0.111637082206855JJ
economy0.0465610847355851NN
society0.0335134328085675NN
account0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
issue0NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300457612665176
WordScorePoS
political0JJ
economy0NN
society0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
gender0NN
issue0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

The advancement of gender equity would require that organizations and agencies review not only their own structures and practices but also develop improved understanding of the underlying power dynamics and structural barriers that reinforce gender inequities in water access use and management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.592458119900943
WordScorePoS
gender0NN
require0VB
organization0NN
agency0NN
review0NN
structure0NN
practice0NN
develop0VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
underlie0VB
power0NN
barrier0NN
reinforce0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
management0.0428007293971684NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.509550117824851
WordScorePoS
gender0.196902218579822NN
require0VB
organization0NN
agency0NN
review0.0688661930304451NN
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practice0.0393804437159645NN
develop0VB
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power0NN
barrier0.0558185411034276NN
reinforce0VB
water0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
management0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.355467070543537
WordScorePoS
gender0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
organization0NN
agency0.0542519672965169NN
review0NN
structure0NN
practice0.0703006268489394NN
develop0VB
improve0VB
underlie0VB
power0NN
barrier0NN
reinforce0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
management0.0339811641917276NN

This would imply strategies with greater focus on women solidarity and collective action and the inclusion of men and boys in the efforts RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION towards changing values attitudes and gender relations WGF

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.626132133002431
WordScorePoS
strategy0NN
focus0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
action0.0409315617631NN
inclusion0NN
boy0.206598579091335NN
effort0NN
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implementation0NN
change0NN
value0NN
gender0.196902218579822NN
relation0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.55438463170249
WordScorePoS
strategy0.0201523636533764NN
focus0.0279982034978914NN
woman0.0102677744436108NN
action0.0369195714265843NN
inclusion0NN
boy0NN
effort0.0171695137813101NN
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implementation0.0201523636533764NN
change0.402565546215053NN
value0NN
gender0NN
relation0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.354123222678973
WordScorePoS
strategy0NN
focus0NN
woman0.0610612445035112NN
action0NN
inclusion0NN
boy0.184698660975968NN
effort0.0255262687343935NN
response0NN
implementation0NN
change0NN
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gender0.10561808200669NN
relation0NN

The benefits of strengthened inclusive governance are manifold both in terms of providing enforcement tools and through its impacts on political processes of allocation and quality control

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.299999573641447
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
strengthen0.0120313639527759VB
inclusive0.0130185595639838JJ
governance0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
provide0.00601568197638796VB
tool0NN
impact0NN
political0JJ
process0NN
quality0.00916459792075908NN
control0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.435440777985133
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0393804437159645NN
strengthen0.0112083245137075VB
inclusive0JJ
governance0NN
term0NN
provide0.0112083245137075VB
tool0NN
impact0NN
political0.111637082206855JJ
process0.0558185411034276NN
quality0NN
control0.0465610847355851NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.43374591401729
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
strengthen0.0396437925143789VB
inclusive0.0857932776726581JJ
governance0.107490825192354NN
term0NN
provide0.013214597504793VB
tool0NN
impact0.0285977592242194NN
political0JJ
process0NN
quality0NN
control0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.338771570081722
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
strengthen0VB
inclusive0.0320338181740375JJ
governance0NN
term0NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
tool0NN
impact0.0160169090870187NN
political0.0368585655748969JJ
process0.0737171311497939NN
quality0.022550656390892NN
control0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.30710340818338
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
inclusive0JJ
governance0NN
term0NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
tool0.0542519672965169NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN
political0JJ
process0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
control0NN

Inclusive governance helps ensure coherence of the normative framework of the water sector increases the accountability and transparency of its service providers promotes comprehensive set of minimum standards for water supply prioritizes poor marginalized and vulnerable groups and strengthens their claims for improved access to water and provides effective monitoring assessment and enforcement mechanisms Tremblay

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.794523825128993
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
governance0NN
help0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
coherence0NN
framework0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provider0NN
promote0VB
set0NN
standard0NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
marginalize0VB
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
effective0JJ
monitor0NN
mechanism0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.368020369481811
WordScorePoS
inclusive0JJ
governance0NN
help0.0542519672965169NN
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
coherence0NN
framework0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provider0NN
promote0.0148712355431627VB
set0NN
standard0.0409791940864438NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
marginalize0VB
vulnerable0JJ
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
improve0VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
effective0JJ
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
mechanism0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.292784792565947
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0130185595639838JJ
governance0NN
help0NN
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
coherence0.146799163463475NN
framework0.0130185595639838NN
water0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
increase0.00432344066632653NN
accountability0.048933054487825NN
transparency0NN
service0NN
provider0.048933054487825NN
promote0.0100599344419752VB
set0.0978661089756501NN
standard0NN
supply0NN
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
marginalize0VB
vulnerable0JJ
strengthen0.0120313639527759VB
improve0.0183291958415182VB
access0.00314118376811005NN
effective0.0219686053934784JJ
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.168921498213555
WordScorePoS
inclusive0.0319966432858631JJ
governance0NN
help0NN
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coherence0NN
framework0.0319966432858631NN
water0NN
sector0NN
increase0NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provider0NN
promote0.0082416730319267VB
set0NN
standard0NN
supply0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
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vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
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access0.00514687440545096NN
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monitor0NN
mechanism0NN

To achieve effective governance of water resources and services decision makers and service providers need to take responsibility for their decisions and the quality of service

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.643266205331702
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
effective0JJ
governance0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
decision0NN
maker0NN
provider0NN
responsibility0NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.328434831257929
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
effective0JJ
governance0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
decision0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN
provider0NN
responsibility0NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.325374686464214
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
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governance0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
decision0.0519476926891779NN
maker0NN
provider0NN
responsibility0NN
quality0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.314569540001396
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0258977780207001VB
effective0.02046578088155JJ
governance0NN
water0NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
service0.022416649027415NN
decision0.0393804437159645NN
maker0NN
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responsibility0.0911713013253052NN
quality0NN

Accountability mechanisms can help to clarify the commitments of actors involved in water governance and lead to efficient management of fiscal resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.657816295320045
WordScorePoS
accountability0NN
mechanism0NN
commitment0NN
actor0NN
involve0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
governance0NN
lead0NN
efficient0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
fiscal0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.565625919860375
WordScorePoS
accountability0NN
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commitment0NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
governance0NN
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management0.0339811641917276NN
fiscal0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.332619637357157
WordScorePoS
accountability0.048933054487825NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
commitment0.0739231123597559NN
actor0NN
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water0NN
governance0NN
lead0NN
efficient0JJ
management0NN
fiscal0JJ
resource0.0375923735942499NN

They can also help protect water resources and increase control over the actions of public and private stakeholders while ensuring adequate quality standards

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.646633013820265
WordScorePoS
protect0.0153390539205676VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
control0NN
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ensure0.00936547854413134VB
adequate0.0295155485671997JJ
quality0.0255958462813622NN
standard0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.418612646150572
WordScorePoS
protect0.0121782716594324VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
control0NN
action0.0121782716594324NN
public0.028867295332595NN
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stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN
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adequate0.0234335422829798JJ
quality0.0203215381458133NN
standard0.0409791940864438NN

According to World Bank study unethical practices drain of the budgets within the WASH sector in sub Saharan Africa Plummer and Cross

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.590484637145525
WordScorePoS
world0.0124838525528648NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN
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practice0.0252000451111224NN
sector0.0182713919265625NN
saharan0.0214456704626236JJ
africa0IN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.484595100571944
WordScorePoS
world0.00585260443759492NN
bank0NN
study0NN
practice0.0393804437159645NN
sector0.0571058915334038NN
saharan0.0335134328085675JJ
africa0IN

To be able to attract much of the funding required for sustainable infrastructure development and functional institutions it will be increasingly important to institute anti corruption measures across water and related economic sectors

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.533656288285316
WordScorePoS
attract0VB
require0VB
sustainable0.00920028227269801JJ
infrastructure0NN
development0.0368309542451156NN
institution0.274477239401321NN
corruption0.322472475577062NN
measure0NN
water0NN
related0.016515769558553JJ
economic0JJ
sector0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.525929397947667
WordScorePoS
attract0VB
require0VB
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
institution0NN
corruption0NN
measure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
economic0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.320264080704459
WordScorePoS
attract0VB
require0.0260040237236563VB
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
institution0NN
corruption0NN
measure0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
related0.00925008066007716JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299251270191606
WordScorePoS
attract0VB
require0.0468670845659596VB
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
institution0NN
corruption0NN
measure0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
related0.00833571598658786JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.290157082090885
WordScorePoS
attract0VB
require0.104282800328615VB
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
infrastructure0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
institution0.0410992516792148NN
corruption0NN
measure0.0347609334428716NN
water0NN
related0.0123650647908625JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
sector0.0252035516550537NN

Improving accountability will require all decision makers in government the private sector and civil society to recognize that being open and transparent engaging stakeholders evaluating and learning and responding to complaints is crucial to their legitimacy and effectiveness and to achieve long lasting benefits to the poor through sustainable water and sanitation interventions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.68378734998157
WordScorePoS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
accountability0NN
require0VB
decision0NN
maker0NN
government0NN
private0JJ
sector0.0214003646985842NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
recognize0VB
transparent0JJ
engage0VB
stakeholder0NN
learn0VB
crucial0JJ
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
last0JJ
benefit0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
intervention0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.313162773578168
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
accountability0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
decision0NN
maker0.0409791940864438NN
government0NN
private0JJ
sector0.0169905820958638NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
recognize0VB
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engage0.0819583881728876VB
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crucial0JJ
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
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benefit0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
intervention0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.205144846022347
WordScorePoS
improve0.0305306222517556VB
accountability0NN
require0VB
decision0NN
maker0NN
government0NN
private0JJ
sector0NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
recognize0VB
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learn0.244520809605025VB
crucial0JJ
achieve0.0308700730580309VB
last0JJ
benefit0NN
poor0JJ
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
intervention0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.142879138688594
WordScorePoS
improve0VB
accountability0NN
require0VB
decision0.0519476926891779NN
maker0NN
government0NN
private0JJ
sector0NN
civil0JJ
society0NN
recognize0VB
transparent0JJ
engage0VB
stakeholder0NN
learn0VB
crucial0JJ
achieve0.0113874611101829VB
last0JJ
benefit0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
intervention0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.403879382888739
WordScorePoS
improve0.0183291958415182VB
accountability0.048933054487825NN
require0.0211360962287062VB
decision0.0211360962287062NN
maker0NN
government0.048933054487825NN
private0.0898760357768464JJ
sector0.0459744293658165NN
civil0.0978661089756501JJ
society0.0359743605686701NN
recognize0VB
transparent0.036961556179878JJ
engage0VB
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
learn0VB
crucial0JJ
achieve0.00463324666343875VB
last0.048933054487825JJ
benefit0NN
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN
intervention0NN

Accountability is at the heart of well functioning regulatory systems

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.690898187329638
WordScorePoS
accountability0NN
function0.0440683498519077NN
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.617934799365522
WordScorePoS
accountability0.048933054487825NN
function0.036961556179878NN
system0.0211360962287062NN

The regulator holds to account water service providers and industries for example by verifying compliance with rules and regulations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.746600622926247
WordScorePoS
hold0NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provider0NN
industry0NN
rule0NN
regulation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.321825751302212
WordScorePoS
hold0NN
account0.0577345906651901NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provider0NN
industry0NN
rule0NN
regulation0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.320704590635956
WordScorePoS
hold0NN
account0.0160169090870187NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
provider0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
rule0NN
regulation0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.262223045703269
WordScorePoS
hold0.18234260265061NN
account0NN
water0NN
service0.022416649027415NN
provider0NN
industry0NN
rule0NN
regulation0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.244581938150065
WordScorePoS
hold0NN
account0.0285977592242194NN
water0NN
service0NN
provider0NN
industry0NN
rule0.162386273072618NN
regulation0NN

Regulatory measures can take the form of administrative and legal or economic incentives

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.46984516701446
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
form0.158049144643351NN
legal0.0811931365363091JJ
economic0JJ
incentive0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.436747311265778
WordScorePoS
measure0.0347609334428716NN
form0.0591643007226199NN
legal0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
incentive0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.566193121686619
WordScorePoS
measure0.103895385378356NN
form0.0884167543187491NN
legal0JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
incentive0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.340358037089743
WordScorePoS
measure0NN
form0.100540298425703NN
legal0JJ
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
incentive0NN

A wide range of measures exists to strengthen social administrative and political accountability such as public expenditure tracking auditing public access to water utility budget and performance information citizen report cards consumer redress mechanisms establishment of model contracts and raising consumer awareness of their rights and obligations

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.724522145637641
WordScorePoS
wide0JJ
range0NN
measure0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
strengthen0.0133391461156567VB
social0.0169905820958638JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
expenditure0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
water0.186896403054502NN
performance0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
consumer0.325511803779102NN
mechanism0NN
contract0NN
raise0.0332151194779746NN
awareness0.0819583881728876NN
rights0NNS
obligation0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.359132878498061
WordScorePoS
wide0JJ
range0NN
measure0NN
exist0VB
strengthen0.0084006124696649VB
social0JJ
political0JJ
accountability0NN
public0NN
expenditure0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
performance0NN
information0NN
report0NN
consumer0NN
mechanism0NN
contract0NN
raise0NN
awareness0NN
rights0NNS
obligation0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.233480643981631
WordScorePoS
wide0JJ
range0NN
measure0NN
exist0.0599173571845643VB
strengthen0.0120313639527759VB
social0JJ
political0JJ
accountability0.048933054487825NN
public0.0390556786919513NN
expenditure0NN
access0.00314118376811005NN
water0NN
performance0NN
information0.0219686053934784NN
report0NN
consumer0NN
mechanism0.147846224719512NN
contract0NN
raise0NN
awareness0NN
rights0NNS
obligation0NN

In Albania for example the providers of water and sewerage services and their customers established so called model contract

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.900709010868799
WordScorePoS
provider0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
establish0VB
contract0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308681839327468
WordScorePoS
provider0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
establish0VB
contract0NN

The contract WWDR integrates the provisions of the consumer protection law and those of the water and sewerage code

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.666339212226722
WordScorePoS
contract0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
provision0NN
consumer0NN
protection0NN
law0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.609989921281654
WordScorePoS
contract0NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
provision0NN
consumer0.325511803779102NN
protection0NN
law0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.264112491914514
WordScorePoS
contract0NN
integrate0VB
provision0.0658099748168827NN
consumer0NN
protection0NN
law0.164686343640793NN
water0NN

Developed by the stakeholders in the sector the contract covers all standard elements such as terms of service fees and payments metering service interruptions and complaints handling them in way that is fully compliant with all applicable legislation

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.6520837009176
WordScorePoS
develop0VB
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
contract0NN
cover0NN
standard0NN
term0.149793392961411NN
service0NN
fully0RB
applicable0.048933054487825JJ
legislation0NN

By the end of over contracts based on the model had been signed including new contracts and old ones replaced representing around of all serviced customers WGF

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The above examples of policy reorientation are also important for the next sections of this Chapter which look Investing in all aspects of water resources management services provision and infrastructure can be highly cost effective at reduced risks and increased security and how particular water measures can address inequity aspects to greater extent

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.748001001835544
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0JJ
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
risk0NN
increase0.00905621749519576NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
measure0NN
extent0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.339123400358469
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
highly0RB
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
risk0NN
increase0.00958677785775002NN
security0NN
measure0NN
extent0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.196996052972832
WordScorePoS
policy0.011275328195446NN
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0JJ
reduce0VB
risk0NN
increase0.0159575617614215NN
security0NN
measure0NN
extent0NN

Minimizing risk and maximizing water security Water users face multiple risks and securing access to water is fundamental requirement for various livelihood purposes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.898622506223899
WordScorePoS
minimize0.041835863322702VB
risk0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
user0NN
multiple0JJ
secure0JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
fundamental0JJ
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317272711649439
WordScorePoS
minimize0.0664302389559493VB
risk0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
security0NN
user0NN
multiple0JJ
secure0JJ
access0.00232174891244877NN
fundamental0JJ
livelihood0NN

Climate change and political and economic volatility create additional risks

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.765463076021299
WordScorePoS
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
political0JJ
economic0JJ
volatility0NN
create0VB
additional0JJ
risk0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.218232165881149
WordScorePoS
climate0NN
change0NN
political0JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
volatility0NN
create0.0695218668857431VB
additional0JJ
risk0NN

Responses can include range of measures to expand improve and reinforce infrastructure develop water use efficiency technologies employ adaptive management and maintain ecosystem services and natural infrastructure

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.588833812073947
WordScorePoS
response0NN
include0VB
range0NN
measure0NN
expand0.0251182378961834VB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
reinforce0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
develop0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
technology0.0153390539205676NN
employ0VB
adaptive0JJ
management0.0428007293971684NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.453599033024946
WordScorePoS
response0NN
include0VB
range0.0368585655748969NN
measure0NN
expand0VB
improve0VB
reinforce0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
develop0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
efficiency0.0442597400933733NN
technology0.0810848128688654NN
employ0.0454743001434393VB
adaptive0JJ
management0NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.343579302412832
WordScorePoS
response0NN
include0VB
range0NN
measure0NN
expand0.0449973847138318VB
improve0.0229264916384433VB
reinforce0VB
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
develop0VB
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
technology0.109914925284606NN
employ0VB
adaptive0JJ
management0NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0NN
service0.0451471467893167NN
natural0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.281177421525744
WordScorePoS
response0NN
include0VB
range0NN
measure0NN
expand0VB
improve0VB
reinforce0VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
develop0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
technology0NN
employ0VB
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management0.0339811641917276NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.176030912695066
WordScorePoS
response0NN
include0VB
range0NN
measure0.0223459295604043NN
expand0VB
improve0VB
reinforce0VB
infrastructure0NN
develop0VB
water0.016202004209163NN
efficiency0NN
technology0NN
employ0VB
adaptive0JJ
management0.0486060126274891NN
maintain0VB
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
service0.0127200410376242NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ

Investing in all aspects of water resources management services provision and infrastructure development operation and maintenance is beneficial to social and economic development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.567002621134352
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
development0NN
social0JJ
economic0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.359114759504366
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
development0.022306853314744NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
economic0.0433009429988926JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.338720817849389
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
management0NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
development0.0330049940546426NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.197873034915049
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
management0NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0NN
development0.0055149369084567NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.320996115748809
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
aspect0NN
water0NN
resource0.0739147683583536NN
management0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
provision0NN
infrastructure0NN
development0.0164833460638534NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ

The size of net benefits will be highly countryspecific as function of its particular situation

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.535541844021262
WordScorePoS
size0NN
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
highly0RB
function0.0440683498519077NN
situation0.0252000451111224NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.358183531204193
WordScorePoS
size0NN
benefit0NN
highly0RB
function0NN
situation0.0631828116343571NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.356368189910544
WordScorePoS
size0.0368585655748969NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
highly0RB
function0NN
situation0NN

Nevertheless current evidence suggests that even under the most conservative estimates historical spending on drinking water supply and sanitation has been highly cost effective on health grounds alone UNOSD UNU

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.851728841569372
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
conservative0JJ
estimate0NN
historical0JJ
spending0NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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sanitation0.334686906581616NN
highly0RB
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health0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.27397747464726
WordScorePoS
current0.0332151194779746JJ
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
conservative0JJ
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
historical0JJ
spending0NN
drinking0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
sanitation0NN
highly0RB
cost0.0277064208763707NN
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health0.0339811641917276NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.238345990040054
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
conservative0JJ
estimate0.059903311017139NN
historical0JJ
spending0NN
drinking0NN
water0.0382775468083574NN
supply0NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
highly0RB
cost0NN
effective0.00914534810831654JJ
health0.191387734041787NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.18449104745017
WordScorePoS
current0JJ
evidence0.12939607756667NN
suggest0VB
conservative0JJ
estimate0NN
historical0JJ
spending0NN
drinking0NN
water0NN
supply0NN
sanitation0NN
highly0RB
cost0.0660824365173543NN
effective0.0145231653596925JJ
health0.0405241466500776NN

There is also much evidence to suggest that investment in disaster preparedness improved water quality and wastewater management are very cost effective UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.893675933986454
WordScorePoS
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
investment0NN
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
cost0NN
effective0JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.27220617534351
WordScorePoS
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
investment0NN
disaster0NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
effective0JJ

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.214628334816217
WordScorePoS
evidence0NN
suggest0VB
investment0NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
water0.0458109463416786NN
quality0.0136980135278128NN
wastewater0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
cost0NN
effective0JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.151986999771111
WordScorePoS
evidence0.12939607756667NN
suggest0VB
investment0.0202620733250388NN
disaster0NN
improve0.0121171980355011VB
water0NN
quality0.0121171980355011NN
wastewater0NN
management0NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN
effective0.0145231653596925JJ

Distribution of costs and benefits among stakeholders is crucial for financial feasibility FAO

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.478539502797398
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
stakeholder0NN
crucial0.0602029956716497JJ
financial0.0185001613201543JJ

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.43830958271464
WordScorePoS
cost0.0660824365173543NN
benefit0NN
stakeholder0NN
crucial0JJ
financial0.0298222075472138JJ

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.40657100545058
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
benefit0NN
stakeholder0.0739231123597559NN
crucial0JJ
financial0.0150369494376999JJ

Decision makers can evaluate costs and benefits from hydrological basin viewpoint and appraise economic justification by taking Framework for implementing The Future We Want account of the benefits of multiple uses domestic industrial power and energy agricultural and environmental

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.511313591042917
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.402133860132808
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.358057799930574
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.288013381265802
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
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energy0.0130963126055467NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.244340079313742
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
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Financing proposals can gauge various incentives or penalties in the forms of water taxes charges subsidies environmental service payments or soft loans among others FAO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.706157856882915
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
incentive0NN
form0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.399861308573757
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.299114371642786
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.269713463797432
WordScorePoS
financing0NN
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The complexity of any pricing of water resources is compounded by the fact that different users and uses are very differently inserted into local and global economies Projects can focus on developing innovative financing schemes seek multiple financing partners among the expected beneficiaries of investments and consider re paying contributors from the savings in public expenditures WRG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.614878321964107
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.363704468455132
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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local0.0144336476662975JJ
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.330801274870941
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
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local0.0130185595639838JJ
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For example investing in ecosystem services can result in significant cost savings in drinking water supply improved sanitation and wastewater management see Chapter

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.935002725423935
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.208924861488046
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.159455128525794
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
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It costs US per year to optimize waste treatment to preserve the ecological integrity of the Nakivumbo swamp in Uganda that provides water purification services for the city of Kampala worth US million annually Russi et al

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.682746976331755
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
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water0.0458109463416786NN
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.57039434672671
WordScorePoS
cost0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381193745046444
WordScorePoS
cost0.0277064208763707NN
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Watershed management saves US million every year for New York City and avoided capital costs of US billion Perrot Maître and Davis

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.968574413514975
WordScorePoS
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areas of the world and to intensify droughts in some areas over certain seasons

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.721912014670567
WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.554446151832712
WordScorePoS
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.397613901570277
WordScorePoS
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Planning preparedness and coordinated responses − including floodplain management early warning systems and increased public awareness of risk − have been shown to greatly improve the resilience of communities to natural hazards

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.52669923710667
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.508344145154705
WordScorePoS
plan0.0583751976558017NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324339471321002
WordScorePoS
plan0.0144336476662975NN
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Blending structural and non structural flood management approaches is particularly cost effective UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.853988903203563
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.403432070723079
WordScorePoS
flood0NN
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Risks and various water related security issues can also be reduced by technical and social approaches

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771507813027074
WordScorePoS
risk0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341102267086236
WordScorePoS
risk0NN
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One example is to treat wastewater as resource

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852335508304572
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
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It is possible and potentially beneficial to move beyond treating wastewater as costly by product to be disposed of and explore paths to valuing this otherwise discarded resource FAO

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.680279504669111
WordScorePoS
potentially0RB
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Not all water needs to be up to drinking quality standards it is matter of distinguishing the right kind of treatment for the right kind of use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.90935613704107
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.27411919742641
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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There are growing number of examples of reclaimed wastewater being used in agriculture for irrigating municipal parks and fields in industrial cooling systems and even in some cases mixed in with drinking water WRG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.852713711942356
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.330280604881142
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.265353860222815
WordScorePoS
grow0.0182713919265625VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.219008215207782
WordScorePoS
grow0.0339811641917276VB
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Biogas produced from wastewater sludge is being used to power water treatment plants public transportation and city heating

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.66630867350897
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.633136918262219
WordScorePoS
produce0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.236125964839698
WordScorePoS
produce0.0332151194779746VB
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.177384774562786
WordScorePoS
produce0.0357189919948307VB
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Investments can align with initiatives aimed at greening the economy through enabling synergies with local job creation and national economic growth opportunities that focus on the poor

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.761555632006987
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.322455443533866
WordScorePoS
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It has been advanced that every US million invested in river restoration in the United States of America creates jobs as well as obvious public benefits in terms of reduced pollution Kantor

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.435352032811563
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.362978101972292
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.333713111855661
WordScorePoS
advance0NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.305152544768326
WordScorePoS
advance0.0373517915079663NN
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Pro poor employment can be key element of community endorsement of waterrelated project WRG

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.473183603408198
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.410170877623659
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.348699837992992
WordScorePoS
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
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Label: 6, with a score of: 0.346948400491804
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.334514984564125
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.319627172936042
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
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Water related disasters are the most economically and socially destructive of all natural hazards

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.864162399680855
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.308644617444207
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.298248637450707
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
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Economic losses due to natural and human induced water related hazards have increased greatly in the last decade well beyond reported immediate losses

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.680368313687849
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.44714237065913
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.155946782980466
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.328001116815441
WordScorePoS
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Single water related disasters can even have repercussions on development on multiannual to decadal scale

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.85343921549503
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.287526135495107
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.277954986351166
WordScorePoS
single0JJ
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This situation is likely to become exacerbated by climate change which is anticipated to increase the frequency of heavy precipitation over many Young girl refills water pot Korhogo Savanes Côte d´Ivoire Photo UN Photo Ky Chung Chapter RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION Increased water scarcity should lead to questioning of the propriety of using precious freshwater as waste disposal mechanism in flushing toilets

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.413870824283852
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.280102431295687
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.198021976366977
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.113514221473204
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.085977574220687
WordScorePoS
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Focusing on access to WASH and providing infrastructure to the worlds slums and informal settlements provides an opportunity for intensive innovation in moving away from the conventional flushtoilet sewerage systems

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.529490354300624
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.339421351079938
WordScorePoS
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The ever increasing concentrations of people in urban spaces can enable the deployment of efficient radically different technical solutions that may have been unaffordable or unthinkable elsewhere Planet Under Pressure

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The other challenge will be to educate and persuade urban populations who may be reluctant to adopt alternatives to conventional sewerage systems

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WordScorePoS
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Existing global and national water resources assessments are often inadequate for addressing twenty first century water demands and resolving increasing competition among users especially under conditions of increased climatic variability

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.36646838978257
WordScorePoS
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.202222396572013
WordScorePoS
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Thus new approaches for comprehensive assessments of water resources are urgently needed to support complex decision making

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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These assessments in turn will require viable financing and capacity building and they will remain an essential tool for sustainable development and monitoring progress towards achieving the SDGs in particular

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.392655707588895
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.329147904122081
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.305515471394845
WordScorePoS
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Comprehensive water resources assessments require sound scientific data on the status of hydrological basins and groundwater resources coupled with metrics concerning water demand withdrawals consumption and discharges by different users

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.766066179060026
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.507715124288631
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.158398572550923
WordScorePoS
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Information regarding governance and regulatory mechanisms as well as gender disaggregated data on access to water resources and services also need to be significantly expanded and shared among stakeholders

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.596610195212504
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.495839243925597
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309310937650907
WordScorePoS
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.298588301709238
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Assessments are necessary in order to make informed investment and management decisions facilitate crosssector decision making and address compromises and trade offs between stakeholder groups

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WordScorePoS
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To better inform work at all levels the capacities to measure model and monitor relevant dimensions of use and the sustainability of supplies need to be strengthened

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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.393620519681751
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.35120203232415
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Transparent sharing of information enables participation and trust and is key for the successful implementation of initiatives seeking behavioural change

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.623546685010092
WordScorePoS
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.413746782229961
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.400394960651293
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For example it has been shown that consumer engagement and education can lead to greater public endorsement of demand side improvement projects even when they result in increased water bills WRG

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.650819878665616
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.620775057289299
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.27373719793397
WordScorePoS
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Alongside GDP growth and other economy wide indicators such as GHG emissions water accounting at the river basin level has been proposed as tool for the purpose of overall water management and the generation of economic WWDR assessments UNDESA

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.803196256101129
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385036983505459
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.238601678284531
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Label: 13, with a score of: 0.212464740086662
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There is also need to consider ecosystem services within such resource accounting schemes to establish the links between resource efficiency biodiversity and ecosystem services and the connection to the social values of water UNEP

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.50194592097557
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306573138716497
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.251497668814672
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Equitable growth The third group of issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve the Future We Want relates to equity

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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.552109590748387
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Indeed social equity is one of the dimensions of sustainable development that has been insufficiently addressed in development and water policies see Chapter

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.433331346471179
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.326938995231273
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.385976379618321
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A fresh commitment and sustained action to reduce poverty and inequities is urgently needed in the post world

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.402460413693109
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In order to achieve universal access to water and sanitation there is need for accelerated progress in disadvantaged groups and to ensure non discrimination in WASH service provision

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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.193535292822469
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Pronounced disparities between regions rural and urban areas and socio economic groups are welldocumented WHO and UNICEF

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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.478203481758745
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.305044342313775
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.219204143441305
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.399383534042429
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Even in countries where service coverage is near universal certain minority groups may be neglected see Section

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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.471293480140474
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.469964069451654
WordScorePoS
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Whereas services at the general level are far less available in rural areas there has been an increase in the number of people without access to water and sanitation in urban areas see chapters and

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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.37287709186803
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.19812292568791
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.191358372585208
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rural0.148975141598503JJ
increase0.0128868286091919NN
people0.0257736572183839NNS
access0.00749031153171887NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
urban0JJ

The situation relates to the rapid growth of slums and the inability or unwillingness of local and national governments to provide adequate facilities for impoverished urban communities

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.810216182054244
WordScorePoS
situation0.0631828116343571NN
rapid0.0373517915079663JJ
growth0NN
slum0.146277152173395NN
local0.0194583992186006JJ
national0.00501208088147356JJ
government0NN
provide0.0269743071558856VB
adequate0.0631828116343571JJ
facility0NN
urban0.27622591898666JJ
community0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.299214601030701
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
rapid0JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
slum0NN
local0.0214106369326177JJ
national0.0055149369084567JJ
government0NN
provide0VB
adequate0JJ
facility0NN
urban0JJ
community0NN

People living in the world slums estimated to reach nearly million by UN Habitat are more vulnerable to extreme weather events and more likely to suffer from the lack access to safe water and sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73499636659703
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
live0.0252018374089947VB
world0.00438651305628668NN
slum0NN
estimate0NN
reach0NN
habitat0NN
vulnerable0.0214003646985842JJ
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
suffer0.041835863322702VB
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.471485644989758
WordScorePoS
people0.0371911007748996NNS
live0.0739258553811849VB
world0.00257343720272548NN
slum0NN
estimate0NN
reach0NN
habitat0NN
vulnerable0.112994637345193JJ
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
weather0NN
event0.0908430554521382NN
suffer0VB
lack0.0753297582301286NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
safe0JJ
water0NN
sanitation0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.27782434683176
WordScorePoS
people0.0161552501392041NNS
live0.0269743071558856VB
world0.00626002771693937NN
slum0.146277152173395NN
estimate0NN
reach0NN
habitat0NN
vulnerable0.0458109463416786JJ
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
suffer0VB
lack0.0229054731708393NN
access0.00626002771693937NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.176332890605395
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
live0VB
world0.00464349782489754NN
slum0NN
estimate0.0199423462679015NN
reach0.0332151194779746NN
habitat0NN
vulnerable0JJ
extreme0JJ
weather0NN
event0NN
suffer0VB
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN

However as described in section

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

innovative solutions such as functioning water kiosks have been shown to significantly improve access to drinking water supplies in informal settlements

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.924506783543389
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
function0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
significantly0RB
improve0.0511916925627245VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
drinking0.206460189193271NN
supplies0NNS
settlement0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.252377032740305
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
function0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
significantly0RB
improve0VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
drinking0NN
supplies0NNS
settlement0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.231293274668924
WordScorePoS
solution0NN
function0NN
water0.0458109463416786NN
significantly0RB
improve0.0273960270556257VB
access0.00626002771693937NN
drinking0NN
supplies0.0731385760866977NNS
settlement0.146277152173395NN

Local and national authorities need to find ways to cross the institutional boundaries produced by policies or regulation that impede service provision to informal areas

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.502691296265402
WordScorePoS
local0JJ
national0.00886732612541978JJ
institutional0JJ
produce0VB
policy0.0848203862485078NN
regulation0.0977392570420122NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
provision0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.414765661174561
WordScorePoS
local0.0130185595639838JJ
national0.0134132459226336JJ
institutional0.036961556179878JJ
produce0VB
policy0.0641521854453136NN
regulation0.036961556179878NN
service0NN
provision0NN

Useful starting points for this can involve building on existing solutions and actor constellations to find ways to incrementally improve the situation in dialogue with users and providers

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.679349246568775
WordScorePoS
involve0VB
building0.149940347231585NN
exist0.0599173571845643VB
solution0NN
actor0NN
improve0.0183291958415182VB
situation0NN
user0.048933054487825NN
provider0.048933054487825NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.437672816497643
WordScorePoS
involve0VB
building0.0747035830159326NN
exist0.04477822029736VB
solution0NN
actor0NN
improve0.0273960270556257VB
situation0.0631828116343571NN
user0NN
provider0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.353007227339209
WordScorePoS
involve0.0819583881728876VB
building0NN
exist0.0332151194779746VB
solution0NN
actor0.0542519672965169NN
improve0VB
situation0NN
user0NN
provider0NN

Determination can also be highly beneficial to increasing coverage as exemplified in the case of pro poor policies in Uganda see Box

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.822205657215528
WordScorePoS
highly0RB
increase0NN
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN

Sustainable development and human rights perspectives both call for reductions in inequities and tackling disparities in access to services UNGA

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.468895115579246
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
development0.0177346522508396NN
human0JJ
rights0NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0.0475643836183697NN
tackle0.064698038783335VB
disparity0.0488696285210061NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
service0.00795378154685591NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.38498556344332
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00872035848132902JJ
development0.0279277626235394NN
human0.0152653111258778JJ
rights0.0352060273355634NNS
perspective0NN
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tackle0VB
disparity0.0615662203253227NN
access0.00697628678506322NN
service0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.352318813473729
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
rights0.078760887431929NNS
perspective0NN
reduction0NN
tackle0VB
disparity0NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
service0.022416649027415NN

This calls for Framework for implementing The Future We Want reorientation of investment priorities and operational procedures to provide services and allocate water more equitably in society

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.706919009966625
WordScorePoS
framework0NN
implement0.0127979231406811VB
future0NN
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priority0NN
provide0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
water0.556409482163189NN
society0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.40565174534968
WordScorePoS
framework0.028867295332595NN
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future0.0277064208763707NN
investment0NN
priority0.0409791940864438NN
provide0.0200087191734851VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
water0.186896403054502NN
society0NN

Greater equity is not only moral imperative it also stands to improve the economy see Chapters and WHO

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.503200854254707
WordScorePoS
stand0VB
improve0.0150723186962745VB
economy0.0821985033584295NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.487637624753002
WordScorePoS
stand0VB
improve0.0102677744436108VB
economy0.0839946104936743NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.442010800866523
WordScorePoS
stand0VB
improve0.0229264916384433VB
economy0.0625160381065121NN

Yet despite the potential for sizeable returns on investment adequate financing has not yet been attained in many settings

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.613976749354071
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
return0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
adequate0JJ
financing0.036961556179878NN
attain0.048933054487825VB
setting0VBG

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.406087938425444
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
return0.107490825192354NN
investment0NN
adequate0JJ
financing0NN
attain0VB
setting0VBG

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.338545959395755
WordScorePoS
potential0NN
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investment0.0376648791150643NN
adequate0.0519476926891779JJ
financing0NN
attain0VB
setting0VBG

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.31425555102013
WordScorePoS
potential0.0454743001434393NN
return0NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
adequate0JJ
financing0NN
attain0VB
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Prioritizing investments in the provision of basic services unlocks the potential for economic growth and breaks the vicious cycle of low productivity linked to poor health and lack of education opportunities that preserves poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.595463723901813
WordScorePoS
investment0.0376648791150643NN
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basic0.0639932865717261JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
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cycle0NN
productivity0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
health0NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
education0.0225244866060403NN
opportunity0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.434775882013544
WordScorePoS
investment0.0252035516550537NN
provision0NN
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
service0.0197870712294258NN
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
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cycle0NN
productivity0.0410992516792148NN
poor0JJ
health0NN
lack0.0252035516550537NN
education0.0150723186962745NN
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.229512766013278
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
provision0NN
basic0.0433695758119029JJ
service0NN
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
cycle0NN
productivity0NN
poor0JJ
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lack0.0255262687343935NN
education0.244244978014045NN
opportunity0NN
poverty0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.18378701267348
WordScorePoS
investment0NN
provision0.0249430985430622NN
basic0JJ
service0.0100171139310145NN
unlock0NN
potential0NN
economic0JJ
growth0NN
cycle0NN
productivity0NN
poor0JJ
health0.191387734041787NN
lack0NN
education0.0152605842304358NN
opportunity0NN
poverty0.00914534810831654NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.312705787244416
WordScorePoS
investment0.0377086395700813NN
provision0NN
basic0.0480507272610562JJ
service0.0148023490369527NN
unlock0NN
potential0.0454743001434393NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
cycle0NN
productivity0.0922368138456871NN
poor0JJ
health0.0377086395700813NN
lack0.0565629593551219NN
education0.022550656390892NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
poverty0NN

Where benefits such as reduced disease prevalence accrue to society rather than to the investor regulatory measures may be needed to guide investments towards the greatest return for society

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.45392893925298
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
disease0.215415047323213NN
prevalence0.0407408489778079NN
society0NN
measure0NN
investment0NN
return0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.60987360530968
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
reduce0.0220985725470694VB
disease0NN
prevalence0NN
society0.118536858482514NN
measure0NN
investment0NN
return0.107490825192354NN

Regulators ensure that service providers act in coherence with water sector policies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.772279615904125
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
service0.0084006124696649NN
provider0NN
coherence0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
policy0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.400953465045517
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00335331148065841VB
service0NN
provider0.048933054487825NN
coherence0.146799163463475NN
water0NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.309019911492876
WordScorePoS
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
service0.00666957305782837NN
provider0NN
coherence0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN

This is important for accountability

Label: 17, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
accountability0.048933054487825NN

Social objectives may be high on the political agenda of most developing countries yet they tend to be poorly followed up in regulatory practices

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.570649120827664
WordScorePoS
social0.101310366625194JJ
objective0NN
political0.0792212041430275JJ
agenda0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
poorly0RB
practice0.02794560829783NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.491524934552996
WordScorePoS
social0.0285529457667019JJ
objective0NN
political0.111637082206855JJ
agenda0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
poorly0RB
practice0.0393804437159645NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.309291840709557
WordScorePoS
social0.112994637345193JJ
objective0NN
political0JJ
agenda0NN
develop0VB
country0NN
poorly0RB
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This may be consequence of importing regulatory frameworks from economies where services are already provided to all citizens and where coverage is consequently not an issue Gerlach and Franceys

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.489129154328536
WordScorePoS
import0NN
framework0.0319966432858631NN
economy0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
coverage0.0908430554521382NN
issue0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.429260656594367
WordScorePoS
import0NN
framework0.0291713033871158NN
economy0.0839946104936743NN
service0NN
coverage0NN
issue0.0335649154577099NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.423632055557563
WordScorePoS
import0NN
framework0.0428212738652355NN
economy0.0821985033584295NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
coverage0NN
issue0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.41203684283226
WordScorePoS
import0.0978661089756501NN
framework0.0130185595639838NN
economy0NN
service0NN
coverage0NN
issue0.0299586785922821NN

Equity needs to be kept as priority at several policy levels and in particular followed through by regulatory measures

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.552658872563074
WordScorePoS
priority0NN
policy0.0450489732120807NN
level0.0113874611101829NN
measure0.103895385378356NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.423413635504923
WordScorePoS
priority0NN
policy0.0102677744436108NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
measure0.0710409787438328NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.301947067435788
WordScorePoS
priority0NN
policy0.0452169560888236NN
level0.00761994916892276NN
measure0.0347609334428716NN

In order to maximize the benefits services should be provided close to or ideally within the home not only to conveniently support good hygiene and health but in order to ensure that time can be used more productively

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.535928452929275
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
service0.0100171139310145NN
support0.00625975725959118NN
hygiene0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
ensure0.00837573444202498VB
time0.0127591822694525NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.410917951772094
WordScorePoS
benefit0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
health0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
time0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.307781587805422
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0393804437159645NN
service0.022416649027415NN
support0NN
hygiene0NN
health0.0571058915334038NN
ensure0.0124956749436837VB
time0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.302737429751894
WordScorePoS
benefit0.0260040237236563NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
hygiene0NN
health0.0377086395700813NN
ensure0.00412562425683033VB
time0.0188543197850406NN

Opportunity costs are an important contributor to the overall return on these investments WHO

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.667352503487424
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN
cost0NN
contributor0.122412709674631NN
return0NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.502388648267558
WordScorePoS
opportunity0NN
cost0.0548954478802642NN
contributor0NN
return0.107490825192354NN
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.356994758949636
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
cost0.0660824365173543NN
contributor0NN
return0NN
investment0.0202620733250388NN

Further having facilities in or nearer to the home is also important from safety perspective as women and girls in particular may face harassment and violence when collecting water when using communal toilet facilities or when undertaking open defecation in the evenings

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.637028314070368
WordScorePoS
facility0NN
safety0NN
perspective0NN
woman0.0127979231406811NN
girl0.0295155485671997NN
violence0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
toilet0.0683326727248364NN
defecation0.0683326727248364NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.614088058616863
WordScorePoS
facility0NN
safety0NN
perspective0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
violence0.0931221694711702NN
water0NN
toilet0NN
defecation0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.352151053091347
WordScorePoS
facility0.0815069365350084NN
safety0NN
perspective0NN
woman0.0610612445035112NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
violence0.0416255041156371NN
water0NN
toilet0NN
defecation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.16189855162721
WordScorePoS
facility0NN
safety0NN
perspective0NN
woman0NN
girl0NN
violence0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
toilet0NN
defecation0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.142659142029877
WordScorePoS
facility0NN
safety0NN
perspective0NN
woman0NN
girl0NN
violence0.164686343640793NN
water0NN
toilet0NN
defecation0NN

Beyond water access to electricity can have tremendous positive effects on education achievement as it provides the opportunity for studies after dark

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.780286218658792
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
positive0JJ
effect0NN
education0NN
achievement0NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
study0NN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.319280585523876
WordScorePoS
water0NN
access0.00697628678506322NN
electricity0NN
positive0JJ
effect0NN
education0.244244978014045NN
achievement0NN
opportunity0NN
study0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.253393432684248
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
electricity0NN
positive0JJ
effect0NN
education0.0101607690729067NN
achievement0NN
opportunity0NN
study0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.311638672929559
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
electricity0.030745604615229NN
positive0.0454743001434393JJ
effect0.0454743001434393NN
education0.022550656390892NN
achievement0.0368585655748969NN
opportunity0.0135141354781442NN
study0NN

Moving up the energy ladder and the use of cleaner fuels for cooking and heating also has very positive effects in reducing respiratory disease particularly for women who tend to be those responsible for cooking and for the children who tend to be present in smoky environments with their mothers

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.775224977032367
WordScorePoS
move0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
cleaner0.0924643738905717JJR
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
cooking0.122412709674631NN
heating0.122412709674631NN
positive0JJ
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reduce0.00838876601975825VB
disease0NN
woman0NN
responsible0JJ
child0NN
environment0NN
mother0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.403509438396291
WordScorePoS
move0NN
energy0NN
cleaner0JJR
fuel0NN
cooking0NN
heating0NN
positive0JJ
effect0NN
reduce0.01675146888405VB
disease0.215415047323213NN
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responsible0JJ
child0.10682408961305NN
environment0NN
mother0.162963395911232NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.231772058045662
WordScorePoS
move0.0409791940864438NN
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cleaner0JJR
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
cooking0NN
heating0NN
positive0JJ
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
disease0NN
woman0NN
responsible0JJ
child0NN
environment0.079769385071606NN
mother0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.220297965051401
WordScorePoS
move0NN
energy0NN
cleaner0JJR
fuel0.0558185411034276NN
cooking0NN
heating0NN
positive0JJ
effect0NN
reduce0VB
disease0NN
woman0.221979360474357NN
responsible0JJ
child0.0170753354211044NN
environment0NN
mother0NN

The same people who lack access to improved water and sanitation are likely to lack access to electricity and to rely on solid fuel for cooking WWAP

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832185885132482
WordScorePoS
people0.024149913320522NNS
lack0.0214003646985842NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
improve0.0511916925627245VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
electricity0.0348974218717993NN
rely0VB
fuel0NN
cooking0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.212184102707683
WordScorePoS
people0.0119834723221875NNS
lack0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
improve0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
electricity0NN
rely0.0332151194779746VB
fuel0.0332151194779746NN
cooking0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.374662796842835
WordScorePoS
people0.0108156764915259NNS
lack0.0383371018038178NN
access0.0157161992303584NN
improve0.0229264916384433VB
water0NN
sanitation0NN
electricity0.0625160381065121NN
rely0.0749457204978913VB
fuel0.0749457204978913NN
cooking0.122412709674631NN

The demonstrated Chapter economic benefits of investing in basic services have direct correlation with the alleviation of poverty

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.721230575037319
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0.0639932865717261JJ
service0.0443555132287109NN
direct0JJ
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.36786524104277
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0.0214106369326177JJ
service0.0197870712294258NN
direct0JJ
poverty0.0722601961736204NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.317704069890824
WordScorePoS
economic0.103276847978089JJ
benefit0NN
invest0VB
basic0JJ
service0.00795378154685591NN
direct0.0396106020715138JJ
poverty0.05809266143877NN

The economic benefits of prioritizing equity and poverty eradication can also be discerned in the adequate prioritizing of investments in the area of agriculture

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.71012631746877
WordScorePoS
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
benefit0NN
poverty0.269969049497485NN
eradication0.0614198493690006NN
adequate0.0519476926891779JJ
investment0.0376648791150643NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.366781290640254
WordScorePoS
economic0.128463821595706JJ
benefit0NN
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
eradication0.0410992516792148NN
adequate0JJ
investment0.0252035516550537NN
agriculture0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.341242980524697
WordScorePoS
economic0JJ
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
poverty0.0261926252110933NN
eradication0.0297950283197006NN
adequate0JJ
investment0.0182713919265625NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN

As presented in Chapter the internal rate of return on investing in large scale irrigation in central Africa was calculated at while the figure for investing in smallscale irrigation in the Sahel stood at

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.433857451047516
WordScorePoS
rate0.0571955184484387NN
return0.107490825192354NN
invest0VB
scale0NN
irrigation0NN
central0JJ
africa0IN
figure0NN
stand0VB

Policies to support income generation for small scale producers are not only fair they also stimulate economic growth in rural areas

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.528253639814284
WordScorePoS
policy0.0848203862485078NN
support0NN
income0.166475342664294NN
generation0NN
scale0NN
producer0NN
fair0JJ
stimulate0VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN
rural0.0330412182586772JJ

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.515620265262574
WordScorePoS
policy0.0452169560888236NN
support0.024730129581725NN
income0NN
generation0NN
scale0NN
producer0NN
fair0JJ
stimulate0.0804764811724088VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN
rural0JJ

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.39278925151113
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
support0.00896409157262106NN
income0.0643370113878709NN
generation0NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
producer0.0440683498519077NN
fair0.0440683498519077JJ
stimulate0VB
economic0JJ
growth0.0252000451111224NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.354907813128888
WordScorePoS
policy0.011275328195446NN
support0.0277502419802315NN
income0.110649350233433NN
generation0.0909486002868787NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
producer0NN
fair0JJ
stimulate0VB
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
growth0.0260040237236563NN
rural0JJ

As suggested in the previous section to ensure that equitable water allocation is followed through greater accountability transparency and not least participation is required to avoid resources being captured by powerful minorities

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.791293426736725
WordScorePoS
suggest0VB
previous0JJ
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
participation0.0348974218717993NN
require0VB
avoid0VB
resource0.0104991907358033NN
capture0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.338428377565523
WordScorePoS
suggest0VB
previous0JJ
ensure0.00743561777158133VB
equitable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
accountability0NN
transparency0NN
participation0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
avoid0VB
resource0.0416785799329393NN
capture0NN

The allocation of water between users and between different types of uses like agriculture industry or municipal demands is usually managed through systems of administrative permits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.717768323284554
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
user0NN
type0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0NN
municipal0JJ
demand0NN
manage0VB
system0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.366573326931957
WordScorePoS
water0NN
user0NN
type0NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
industry0NN
municipal0JJ
demand0.0297950283197006NN
manage0.0297950283197006VB
system0.0756001353333673NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.32295340481613
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
user0NN
type0NN
agriculture0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
municipal0JJ
demand0.030745604615229NN
manage0VB
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.276837678082229
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
user0NN
type0NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
industry0NN
municipal0JJ
demand0NN
manage0VB
system0NN

Water pricing also provides signals on how to allocate scarce water resources to the highestvalue uses in financial terms or other types of benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.87752744355987
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0104991907358033NN
financial0JJ
term0NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.324563029291982
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0416785799329393NN
financial0JJ
term0NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.158131058136656
WordScorePoS
water0NN
scarce0JJ
resource0.0375923735942499NN
financial0.0150369494376999JJ
term0.149793392961411NN
type0NN
benefit0NN

Still the complexity of any pricing of water resources is compounded by the fact that different users and uses are very differently inserted into local and global economies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.812024419997888
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
user0NN
local0.0181797964452808JJ
global0.00936547854413134JJ
economy0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.362421097128302
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
user0NN
local0.0144336476662975JJ
global0.022306853314744JJ
economy0NN

Indeed the contribution to the economy and benefits created by subsistence farming or commercial agriculture is difficult to compare with any simple parameters

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.818777619090612
WordScorePoS
contribution0NN
economy0NN
benefit0.0252000451111224NN
create0VB
farm0.291708356920574NN
commercial0JJ
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
compare0VB
simple0JJ

Equitable pricing and water permits would need to adequately assure that abstraction as well as releases of used water support efficient operations and environmental sustainability

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.871313257550337
WordScorePoS
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
release0.0516150472983178NN
support0.0209983814716066NN
efficient0JJ
environmental0JJ
sustainability0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.445939927939609
WordScorePoS
equitable0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
release0.0409791940864438NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
efficient0.108503934593034JJ
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
sustainability0.0409791940864438NN

This can be done in ways that are adapted to the abilities and needs of industry and larger scale irrigation as well as the small scale and subsistence farming activities

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.703568125930513
WordScorePoS
ability0NN
industry0NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
irrigation0NN
farm0.291708356920574NN
activity0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.583336084099505
WordScorePoS
ability0NN
industry0.181897200573757NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
irrigation0.0454743001434393NN
farm0NN
activity0NN

The human right to water and sanitation requires that all persons have sufficient safe acceptable physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses without discrimination UN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.882081881034117
WordScorePoS
human0.0127979231406811JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
require0VB
person0NN
sufficient0.0516150472983178JJ
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
accessible0.0516150472983178JJ
affordable0.0214003646985842JJ
personal0JJ
domestic0JJ
discrimination0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.262864520231018
WordScorePoS
human0.0101607690729067JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
sanitation0NN
require0.0468670845659596VB
person0NN
sufficient0JJ
safe0JJ
accessible0JJ
affordable0JJ
personal0.0542519672965169JJ
domestic0JJ
discrimination0NN

Discrimination over access takes place whenever lower priority in investment or service delivery is provided to residents lacking social economic or cultural clout over those with power to decide

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.349064745394898
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
access0.00344404437204141NN
priority0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
service0.0197870712294258NN
lack0.0252035516550537NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
economic0.128463821595706JJ
cultural0JJ
power0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.615317587722224
WordScorePoS
discrimination0.0736315832425121NN
access0.00514687440545096NN
priority0NN
investment0.0376648791150643NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
social0.112994637345193JJ
economic0.0959899298575892JJ
cultural0JJ
power0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.336165625196302
WordScorePoS
discrimination0.111637082206855NN
access0.00780347258345989NN
priority0NN
investment0NN
service0.022416649027415NN
lack0NN
social0.0285529457667019JJ
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
cultural0JJ
power0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.323737142268292
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
access0.00138439773401932NN
priority0NN
investment0.0202620733250388NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
lack0NN
social0.101310366625194JJ
economic0.103276847978089JJ
cultural0JJ
power0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.301800156713622
WordScorePoS
discrimination0NN
access0.0128821355880844NN
priority0NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
lack0.0565629593551219NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
cultural0JJ
power0.0454743001434393NN

Affordability can be determined in several ways e

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.793927091979509
WordScorePoS
determine0.0401833161726777VB

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.608012970767039
WordScorePoS
determine0.0307735781890304VB

as proportion of household income though there is no generalized agreement on the appropriate proportion Dar and Khan

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.619900936386568
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
household0.0330412182586772NN
income0.166475342664294NN
agreement0.02794560829783NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.356127112323421
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0182713919265625NN
household0.0297950283197006NN
income0.0643370113878709NN
agreement0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.325776379939143
WordScorePoS
proportion0.0376648791150643NN
household0NN
income0.0442083771593746NN
agreement0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.301551840709334
WordScorePoS
proportion0NN
household0NN
income0.110649350233433NN
agreement0NN

In the area of service delivery prices or tariffs are usually linked to volumetric measures of water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.87322811179795
WordScorePoS
service0.0084006124696649NN
price0NN
measure0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299263864854913
WordScorePoS
service0.00666957305782837NN
price0NN
measure0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Yet prices in this area do not represent the scarcity value of the water as such but the cost of its delivery in clean state

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.950766654726123
WordScorePoS
price0NN
represent0.0516150472983178VB
scarcity0.273330690899345NN
water0.556409482163189NN
cost0NN
clean0.0348974218717993JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.222686625499221
WordScorePoS
price0NN
represent0VB
scarcity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
clean0JJ

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.129741867422996
WordScorePoS
price0NN
represent0VB
scarcity0NN
water0NN
cost0NN
clean0.125032076213024JJ

In many places RESPONSES AND IMPLEMENTATION water services are under priced resulting in poor service delivery low maintenance of existing infrastructure and the lack of extension to new service areas as service providers are not fully compensated for the cost of service delivery

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.642691466007604
WordScorePoS
response0NN
implementation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
price0NN
result0.0683326727248364NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
exist0VB
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
lack0.0214003646985842NN
extension0NN
provider0NN
fully0RB
cost0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.373479611207172
WordScorePoS
response0NN
implementation0NN
water0NN
service0.0443555132287109NN
price0NN
result0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
exist0VB
infrastructure0NN
lack0.0753297582301286NN
extension0NN
provider0NN
fully0RB
cost0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303574008791988
WordScorePoS
response0NN
implementation0.0199423462679015NN
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
price0NN
result0NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
exist0.0332151194779746VB
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
lack0NN
extension0NN
provider0NN
fully0RB
cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.300679401410808
WordScorePoS
response0NN
implementation0NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
price0NN
result0NN
poor0JJ
exist0VB
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
lack0.0565629593551219NN
extension0NN
provider0NN
fully0RB
cost0NN

Low tariffs are at times justified by poor people inability to pay

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.610101580282337
WordScorePoS
time0NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
pay0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.382807217385581
WordScorePoS
time0NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
pay0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.321075172601126
WordScorePoS
time0.0182713919265625NN
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
people0.0257736572183839NNS
pay0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.306748944993966
WordScorePoS
time0.0607862199751165NN
poor0JJ
people0.00571634317201755NNS
pay0.02794560829783NN

Low tariffs may have the effect of limiting the scope of services however and tend to exclude low income populations from public water services

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.708326943959939
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
limit0NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
income0NN
population0.0363595928905615NN
public0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.331939565261847
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
limit0NN
service0.00795378154685591NN
income0.166475342664294NN
population0.0860640399817412NN
public0.0172128079963482NN
water0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.282991903054964
WordScorePoS
effect0NN
limit0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
income0NN
population0.0144336476662975NN
public0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.321077917136639
WordScorePoS
effect0.0454743001434393NN
limit0.0368585655748969NN
service0.0148023490369527NN
income0.110649350233433NN
population0NN
public0.0160169090870187NN
water0.0377086395700813NN

This contradiction is partly due to under pricing which precludes network extension and hence permeates historic inequalities of public water systems catering to powerful minorities rather than the public at large and more recent settlers

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.661740508976669
WordScorePoS
due0JJ
extension0NN
inequality0.635305170773079NN
public0.0172128079963482NN
water0NN
system0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.608098015257754
WordScorePoS
due0.0590310971343993JJ
extension0NN
inequality0NN
public0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
system0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.264866370186803
WordScorePoS
due0.0234335422829798JJ
extension0NN
inequality0NN
public0.028867295332595NN
water0.186896403054502NN
system0NN

The other part of this contradiction relates to the fact that many poor households still pay significant amounts of money to receive water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.786302739384983
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
household0NN
pay0.0295155485671997NN
significant0JJ
amount0NN
money0NN
receive0VB
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.334162706536036
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
household0.0554128417527413NN
pay0NN
significant0JJ
amount0NN
money0NN
receive0VB
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.302056134104547
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
household0NN
pay0NN
significant0.0376648791150643JJ
amount0.0614198493690006NN
money0NN
receive0VB
water0NN

Since the public system is not responding to this demand independent or informal providers tend to be the main suppliers of water in informal low income or periurban areas

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.771413171086232
WordScorePoS
public0NN
system0NN
demand0NN
provider0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
income0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.299137531105675
WordScorePoS
public0.028867295332595NN
system0NN
demand0NN
provider0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
income0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.254667584458117
WordScorePoS
public0.0172128079963482NN
system0NN
demand0NN
provider0NN
water0NN
income0.166475342664294NN

In these situations the poorest pay more for water sometimes of lower quality than the rich

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.892690889502711
WordScorePoS
situation0.0295155485671997NN
poorest0.0348974218717993JJS
pay0.0295155485671997NN
water0.556409482163189NN
quality0.0255958462813622NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.273668153989741
WordScorePoS
situation0NN
poorest0JJS
pay0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
quality0.0203215381458133NN

In piped water system it is the access to connection which determines who has access or not to service

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.868098281270621
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
system0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
determine0VB
service0.0084006124696649NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.296955227906021
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
system0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
determine0VB
service0.00666957305782837NN

In order to provide access for the poor it is more important to subsidize or amortize over time the cost of the connection rather than the cost of water as such

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.790490066754085
WordScorePoS
provide0VB
access0.00731085509381114NN
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
time0NN
cost0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.397323153788014
WordScorePoS
provide0.0200087191734851VB
access0.00232174891244877NN
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
time0.0169905820958638NN
cost0.0277064208763707NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.233370703309973
WordScorePoS
provide0.0295703421524739VB
access0.00514687440545096NN
poor0.150659516460257JJ
time0NN
cost0NN
water0NN

As suggested above the tariff price for piped water may be magnitudes lower than that from other supply sources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.903542853673648
WordScorePoS
suggest0VB
price0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
source0.0613562156822703NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.343365305626569
WordScorePoS
suggest0VB
price0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
source0NN

As result people excluded from piped water services may be purchasing water from mobile vendors or even paying for water they have to collect themselves at kiosks

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.934477547583283
WordScorePoS
result0.0683326727248364NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
water0.556409482163189NN
service0.0084006124696649NN
pay0.0295155485671997NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.300830267052532
WordScorePoS
result0NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
water0.186896403054502NN
service0.00666957305782837NN
pay0NN

This speaks for pro poor pricing policy to keep effective connection costs as low as possible while ensuring that water use is paid for at level that supports maintenance and potentially even expansion of the system

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.705438720311124
WordScorePoS
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
policy0NN
effective0JJ
cost0NN
ensure0.00936547854413134VB
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.310377545117213
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
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effective0JJ
cost0NN
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water0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.297609466962754
WordScorePoS
poor0.0339811641917276JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
effective0JJ
cost0.0277064208763707NN
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potentially0RB
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Where affordability is still an issue it is preferable to support those who are unable to pay rather than to lower the price of water to everyone particularly as it may only be the wealthiest that benefit from such policy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.825133733921327
WordScorePoS
issue0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.293052781354613
WordScorePoS
issue0NN
support0.00833571598658786NN
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price0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Serious concern about the increasingly inequitable division of resources and income in the world has been voiced by economic leaders and development agencies

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.614336771535675
WordScorePoS
resource0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.256265251903479
WordScorePoS
resource0.0123650647908625NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.403559189271729
WordScorePoS
resource0.0739147683583536NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.34055097778467
WordScorePoS
resource0.0185001613201543NN
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The World Economic Forum identified widening income disparities as an important trend and major global risk WEF and

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.61075128913643
WordScorePoS
world0.00276879546803864NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.316891024811596
WordScorePoS
world0.00172202218602071NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.355327548569538
WordScorePoS
world0.00257343720272548NN
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Oxfam finds these extreme levels of wealth concentration to be damaging and worrying not least because when wealth captures government policymaking the rules bend to favour the rich often to the detriment of everyone else Fuentes Nieva and Galasso

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.703045445028711
WordScorePoS
extreme0.294526332970048JJ
level0.0113874611101829NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.513535922817147
WordScorePoS
extreme0JJ
level0.0610668815653026NN
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Wealth concentration can also skew water policies and supply priorities as shown in mapping research project in Nairobi Kenya

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.80954484884622
WordScorePoS
concentration0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.47410261535942
WordScorePoS
concentration0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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Here the water provider pumps more water to the WWDR Girls washing and cleaning at the Lycée Regina Pacis Burundi Photo SuSanA Secretariat never rationed upper and high consuming areas testifying that despite recent apparent concerns for the poor servicing the wealthy high consumers who consume and pay more and are more politically influential is still prioritized Ledant et al

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.768892411365151
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.507127109543961
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.293961856124937
WordScorePoS
water0NN
provider0NN
girl0.393804437159645NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.0937185798382896
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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poor0.150659516460257JJ
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.0876004108112847
WordScorePoS
water0NN
provider0NN
girl0.140824109342254NN
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consumer0NN
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Present water tariffs are commonly far too low to actually limit excessive water use by wealthy households or industry

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881406424920009
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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household0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.382921806544645
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.232999275235035
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
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While it is important that pricing policies reward users for saving water responsible use may at times be more effectively fostered through awareness raising and appealing to the common good

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.741186679427565
WordScorePoS
policy0NN
user0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.452086904768537
WordScorePoS
policy0.0203215381458133NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Pricing signals need to be supported by awareness raising and information in order to work towards cohesive society that collaborates around the wisest possible use of water cherished and shared equitably within the present and towards future generations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.659834456038697
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.521786931228005
WordScorePoS
support0.00833571598658786NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.366452523760836
WordScorePoS
support0.0277502419802315NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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Again sustainable development needs to work with the economic social and environmental dimensions coherently to ensure the mutual reinforcement of social equity economic growth and sustainability

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.594407609793112
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00514687440545096JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.487186823309598
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.497840856384293
WordScorePoS
sustainable0.00138439773401932JJ
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Framework for implementing The Future We Want Epilogue Water for sustainable world WWAP | Richard Connor UNDP | Contributors Joakim Harlin Marianne Kjellén and Håkan Tropp In the sustainable world of envisioned in the Prologue of this Report water resources are managed and waterrelated services provided in support of human wellbeing and ecosystem integrity in robust and equitable global economy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.762515735597491
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.385120637602304
WordScorePoS
framework0.028867295332595NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.196256996118776
WordScorePoS
framework0NN
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water0.016202004209163NN
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equitable0.0190167691930804JJ
global0.00354525553489471JJ
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This vision is attainable but only if the required efforts are deployed supported by number of concrete actions all of which are interrelated and mutually reinforcing

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.55998313585449
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.442879295681548
WordScorePoS
vision0NN
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First appropriate legal and institutional frameworks are required in order to guarantee that water resources are managed and used sustainably

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.73363080469013
WordScorePoS
legal0JJ
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framework0NN
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.393803682041342
WordScorePoS
legal0JJ
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framework0.028867295332595NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.310511210734476
WordScorePoS
legal0JJ
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framework0.0428212738652355NN
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water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
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These include laws and Decisions that determine how water resources are used or abused are not made by water managers alone but driven by various socio economic development objectives and the operational decisions to achieve them regulations whose enforcement ensure secure balance between water availability and use and protect the resource against pollution and over abstraction for the security of future generations

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.778779713674714
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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water0.556409482163189NN
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future0NN
generation0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.373902573461089
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.145085477470384
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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future0NN
generation0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.133578282863817
WordScorePoS
include0VB
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water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
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Second there is an urgent need to increase access to WASH services and improve existing service levels

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.394353862787581
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.387232362882733
WordScorePoS
urgent0JJ
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level0.00692515656684925NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.351998449897912
WordScorePoS
urgent0.0299586785922821JJ
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Reflecting the established principles of the human right to water and sanitation as recognized in Resolution of the UN General Assembly in July governments need to adopt ambitious targets for improving WASH service levels in order to reduce the global burden of WASH related diseases to improve productivity and economic growth and to reduce inequalities between population groups

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.606434098886282
WordScorePoS
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population0.0363595928905615NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.567673578448698
WordScorePoS
reflect0VB
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population0.0860640399817412NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.263334648837873
WordScorePoS
reflect0VB
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population0.0428212738652355NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.195328371348991
WordScorePoS
reflect0.0409791940864438VB
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population0.0144336476662975NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.185354495803869
WordScorePoS
reflect0VB
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Third increased investment and financial support for water development is essential

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.804433392434112
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.298745617833396
WordScorePoS
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When efficiently and transparently managed investments in water generate social economic Epilogue financial and other benefits that greatly outweigh its costs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.620552683278741
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306584325707062
WordScorePoS
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cost0.0277064208763707NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.268971847570551
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.431431084775136
WordScorePoS
manage0.0660824365173543VB
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water0NN
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cost0.0660824365173543NN

In addition to adequately financing the development operation and maintenance of infrastructure increased funding is also needed in order to develop institutional capacity and ensure well functioning governance structures

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.540985568149328
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.522618283383282
WordScorePoS
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.350756415973825
WordScorePoS
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Greater financial support is equally essential to enhance the knowledge base and provide reliable and objective information about the state of water resources their use and management to enable water managers and administrators to inform decision makers about policy options and their potential impacts

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.699729383411049
WordScorePoS
financial0JJ
support0.0209983814716066NN
essential0.0251182378961834JJ
enhance0VB
knowledge0NN
base0NN
provide0VB
reliable0JJ
objective0NN
information0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
enable0VB
decision0NN
maker0NN
policy0NN
potential0NN
impact0.0181797964452808NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.387949602832582
WordScorePoS
financial0JJ
support0.00833571598658786NN
essential0JJ
enhance0VB
knowledge0NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
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reliable0JJ
objective0NN
information0.0365348149782971NN
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
enable0VB
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maker0.0409791940864438NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
potential0NN
impact0.0866018859977851NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.174845734385073
WordScorePoS
financial0JJ
support0.0188084899376888NN
essential0.0449973847138318JJ
enhance0.0188084899376888VB
knowledge0NN
base0NN
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reliable0.149891440995783JJ
objective0.0749457204978913NN
information0NN
water0NN
resource0NN
management0NN
enable0VB
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maker0NN
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Fourth managing and allocating water across competing developmental sectors to meet multiple challenges is required to ensure that benefits created for one group of stakeholders do not disadvantage others

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.694558034838309
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
sector0.0214003646985842NN
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challenge0NN
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ensure0.00936547854413134VB
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stakeholder0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.381600002339215
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
sector0.0169905820958638NN
meet0VB
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benefit0NN
create0.0234335422829798VB
stakeholder0.0409791940864438NN

Water needs to be at the centre of multisectorial dialogue which includes decision making processes and mechanisms for conflict resolution within the context of national interministerial bodies and multilateral agencies and in the case of transboundary waters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.875576979585881
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
centre0NN
include0VB
decision0NN
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conflict0NN
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national0JJ
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agency0NN
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.322817658304775
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
centre0NN
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decision0NN
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national0.00743561777158133JJ
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agency0.0542519672965169NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.221089167914059
WordScorePoS
water0NN
centre0.0299586785922821NN
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decision0.0211360962287062NN
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mechanism0.147846224719512NN
conflict0NN
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national0.0134132459226336JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.159892155090265
WordScorePoS
water0NN
centre0NN
include0VB
decision0.0519476926891779NN
process0NN
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context0NN
national0.0164833460638534JJ
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transboundary0JJ

Decisions that determine how water resources are used or abused are not made by water managers alone but driven by various socioeconomic development objectives and the operational decisions to achieve them

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861382023029187
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
determine0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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drive0NN
development0NN
objective0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.341611096418811
WordScorePoS
decision0NN
determine0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
drive0NN
development0.022306853314744NN
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Progress towards sustainable development requires engaging broad range of actors in government civil society and business to assure that water is taken into account in their decision making and to promote cooperation across disciplines sectors and borders

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.548631135857202
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
require0VB
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government0NN
civil0JJ
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business0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
account0.0181797964452808NN
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cooperation0.0255958462813622NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.492612009096423
WordScorePoS
progress0NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
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business0.0409791940864438NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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sector0.0169905820958638NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.35584106515075
WordScorePoS
progress0.0221298700466866NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
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actor0NN
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water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.330967887565961
WordScorePoS
progress0.017987180284335NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
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civil0.0978661089756501JJ
society0.0359743605686701NN
business0NN
water0NN
account0NN
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cooperation0.0183291958415182NN
sector0.0459744293658165NN
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The development of the post SDGs provides critical opportunity to generate progress

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.421552587758697
WordScorePoS
development0.0368309542451156NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.407619935923514
WordScorePoS
development0.0330049940546426NN
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.363943849238066
WordScorePoS
development0.0469463607292177NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.36006578030592
WordScorePoS
development0.0055149369084567NN
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.308075099741482
WordScorePoS
development0.0159922815774215NN
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Achieving the SDGs by will require concerted effort across multiple domains and sectors and water will need to be recognized as the nexus through which various SDGs and other development objectives are linked

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.749105952063615
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0194103228106253VB
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.361835975546236
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0154106104202498VB
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effort0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.322677603387069
WordScorePoS
achieve0.0114006914853063VB
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effort0.0188543197850406NN
multiple0JJ
sector0.0565629593551219NN
water0.0377086395700813NN
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development0.0330049940546426NN
objective0.0368585655748969NN

Water efficiency gains in one domain can help relieve constraints in others and contribute to the realization and sharing of greater benefits to society

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.755612460282217
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
efficiency0.0502364757923669NN
gain0.041835863322702NN
constraint0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.406217665512804
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
efficiency0.039884692535803NN
gain0.0664302389559493NN
constraint0NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.201963634486411
WordScorePoS
water0NN
efficiency0.134992154141495NN
gain0NN
constraint0NN
contribute0VB
share0.0383371018038178NN
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For example the health and livelihood benefits of access to safe water supplies and improved sanitation services is incontrovertible

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.864129408457333
WordScorePoS
health0NN
livelihood0.0295155485671997NN
benefit0NN
access0.00731085509381114NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
supplies0NNS
improve0.0511916925627245VB
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.237761547137528
WordScorePoS
health0.191387734041787NN
livelihood0NN
benefit0NN
access0.00610236075888593NN
safe0.0127591822694525JJ
water0.0382775468083574NN
supplies0NNS
improve0VB
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.192791823718285
WordScorePoS
health0.0339811641917276NN
livelihood0NN
benefit0NN
access0.00232174891244877NN
safe0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
supplies0NNS
improve0VB
sanitation0NN
service0.00666957305782837NN

Water management responses that maximize co benefits can reduce risks but these require coordinated approaches

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.760356179436072
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
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reduce0.00936547854413134VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.43017372713905
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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response0NN
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reduce0.022306853314744VB
risk0NN
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Taking full account of the opportunities and limitations imposed by water on various other development goals would lead to cross cutting synergies among sectors and actors allowing progress to continue beyond the milestone

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.691926752809604
WordScorePoS
full0JJ
account0.0181797964452808NN
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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sector0.0214003646985842NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.424568560146164
WordScorePoS
full0JJ
account0.0577345906651901NN
opportunity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
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goal0NN
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Whereas poverty eradication and the reduction of inequities remain at the core of the concerns of the UN system governments have obligations towards the of their citizens

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.776430902574565
WordScorePoS
poverty0.269969049497485NN
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system0.0519476926891779NN
government0NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.329400129850811
WordScorePoS
poverty0.0722601961736204NN
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reduction0NN
remain0.049270765107907VB
system0NN
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obligation0NN

To contribute towards water secure fair and sustainable world the UN system will need to continue to provide and promote leadership addressing the full range of goals and targets in the post world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.626453212184075
WordScorePoS
contribute0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
secure0JJ
fair0JJ
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
world0.00438651305628668NN
system0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.402032711326703
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0554128417527413VB
water0.186896403054502NN
secure0JJ
fair0JJ
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
world0.00464349782489754NN
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continue0.0199423462679015VB
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.317819678533822
WordScorePoS
contribute0.0297950283197006VB
water0NN
secure0.0440683498519077JJ
fair0.0440683498519077JJ
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
world0.0124838525528648NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
continue0VB
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Particular emphasis is needed on universal access to water sanitation and hygiene the sustainable use and development of water resources equitable participatory and accountable water governance increased reuse and reduced pollution from wastewater maintaining ecosystem services and reduced human and economic losses from water related disasters

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.889471055465842
WordScorePoS
universal0.0153390539205676JJ
access0.00731085509381114NN
water0.556409482163189NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
development0NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
equitable0.0502364757923669JJ
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increase0.00905621749519576NN
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wastewater0.204998018174509NN
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ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
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human0.0127979231406811JJ
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loss0NN
related0.0524959536790166JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.289693457982608
WordScorePoS
universal0JJ
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water0.186896403054502NN
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wastewater0NN
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ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
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related0.00833571598658786JJ
disaster0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.199305409202066
WordScorePoS
universal0.0164178645080222JJ
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water0.0458109463416786NN
sanitation0NN
hygiene0NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
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related0.0112376090361851JJ
disaster0.157957029085893NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.123789953471471
WordScorePoS
universal0JJ
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human0JJ
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related0.016515769558553JJ
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.103422502360909
WordScorePoS
universal0JJ
access0.00110699520004297NN
water0.016202004209163NN
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human0.0193783617722719JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.0591468623926232
WordScorePoS
universal0JJ
access0.00344404437204141NN
water0NN
sanitation0NN
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sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
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related0.0123650647908625JJ
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Specifically addressing these critical issues through dedicated global SDG for water with specific and measurable targets will trigger national governments and the global community to take action and track progress over much broader set of water related challenges than was considered under the MDGs

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.816751889598899
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.35069974571985
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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global0.022306853314744JJ
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Each of these challenges is fundamental to sustainable development just as most other sustainable development goals are in some way water dependent

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.782964075022345
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.369571682953046
WordScorePoS
challenge0NN
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Addressing these water related challenges within the SDG process represents an inescapable intermediate step towards achieving the vision for water in sustainable world

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.908598535136165
WordScorePoS
address0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.306063989394743
WordScorePoS
address0NN
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Students at public school in Taliko neighbourhood Bamako Mali Photo UN Photo Marco Dormino WWDR References WRG Water Resources Group

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.776367720488731
WordScorePoS
public0NN
school0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.352560975570686
WordScorePoS
public0.028867295332595NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 4, with a score of: 0.285025607204014
WordScorePoS
public0NN
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Charting our water future Economic frameworks to inform decision making

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.764704788842377
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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framework0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.394125570543611
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.235406722845694
WordScorePoS
water0NN
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framework0.0428212738652355NN
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Washington DC WRG

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Managing Water Use in Scarce Environments Catalogue of Case Studies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.847041775841149
WordScorePoS
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.405954732928456
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Colombo Sri Lanka International Water Management Institute IWMI

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Impact of Indian Total Sanitation Campaign on Latrine Coverage and Use Cross Sectional Study in Orissa Three Years following Programme Implementation

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PLoS One

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fao

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The State of Food and Agriculture Women in agriculture Closing the gender gap for development

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Coping with water scarcity An action framework for agriculture and food security

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Building common vision for sustainable food and agriculture Principles and Approaches

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fao

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Sustainable Groundwater Management Lessons Practice Case Profile Collection No

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WordScorePoS
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Rijswijk The Netherlands Sustainable Sanitation Alliance SuSanA International Forum on Urbanism IFoU Papiroz Publishing House

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WordScorePoS
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susana

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WordScorePoS
resource0.0739147683583536NN

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Water and Sanitation within the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs and the post Development Agenda Regional Perspective

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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PPT delivered to Seminar on Water and Sanitation Services in the Arab Region Challenges and Opportunities

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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UNESCWA Technology Center Amman March

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WordScorePoS
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Santiago Chile United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean UNECLAC

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MEA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

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WordScorePoS
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Washington DC Island Press

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Ecosystems and Human Well Being Wetlands and Water Synthesis

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WordScorePoS
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Washington DC World Resources Institute WRI

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Ecosystem and Human Well Being Biodiversity Synthesis

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WordScorePoS
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Milly P

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Betancourt J

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Falkenmark M

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Hirsch R

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Kundzewicz Z

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Lettenmaier D

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Stationarity Is Dead Whither Water Management

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WordScorePoS
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WWDR Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

From infrastructure to sustainable impact Policy review of the Dutch contribution to drinking water and sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.89061482806842
WordScorePoS
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IOB Evaluation

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The Hague The Netherlands

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Moriarty P

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Batchelor C

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Abd Alhadi F

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Laban P

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The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance Guidelines Methods and Tools

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Amman Jordan Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management INWRDAM EMPOWER Partnership

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Water Scarcity and Climate Change Growing Risks for Business and Investors

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Boston MA USA Ceres

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Namara R

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Castillo G

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Ravnborg H

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Smith L

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Agricultural Water Management

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National Constituent Assembly of Tunisia

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Constitution de La République Tunisienne Article

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January

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In Arabic and in French http www

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Water hauling and girls school attendance Some new evidence from Ghana

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PPT delivered to the Fifth Expert Group Meeting of the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Socio Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region RICCAR

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escwa

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Global access to safe water Accounting for water quality and the resulting impact on MDG progress

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312486916304558
WordScorePoS
international0.0023966944644375JJ
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doi

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ijerph

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Pahl Wostl C

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Transitions towards adaptive management of water facing climate and global change

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.217594724642299
WordScorePoS
adaptive0JJ
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Perrot Maître D

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Case Studies of Markets and Innovative Financial Mechanisms for Water Services from Forests

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Washington DC Forest Trends Association

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WordScorePoS
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Pickering A

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

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Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Freshwater Availability and Water Fetching Distance Affect Child Health in Sub Saharan Africa

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 3, with a score of: 0.441240908429468
WordScorePoS
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water0.0382775468083574NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.281234547733741
WordScorePoS
freshwater0NN
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water0.186896403054502NN
affect0.0166714319731757VB
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Environmental Science Technology

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WordScorePoS
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science0.0599173571845643NN
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.39621152925536
WordScorePoS
environmental0JJ
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.372059092554426
WordScorePoS
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
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WordScorePoS
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Pimentel D

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Marklein A

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Toth M

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Karpoff M

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Paul G

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

McCormack R

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Kyriazis J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

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Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Biofuel Impacts on World Food Supply Use of Fossil Fuel Land and Water Resources

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Pittock J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

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Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Controlling Yangtze River Floods New Approach

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.868444642390186
WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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World Resources Report Case Study

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.472081744264131
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Label: 15, with a score of: 0.457671005349866
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.413610073875152
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.334021793027735
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Washington DC World Resources Report

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.52063149337232
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.456146489568496
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Label: 14, with a score of: 0.368373204505089
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.305399677614689
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wri

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

org sites default files uploads wrr case study controlling yangtze river floods

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861632824617073
WordScorePoS
study0NN
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pdf Place J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Dutto P

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

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Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Putting water in the mainstream of your business strategy

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.888330384001665
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.363812665315892
WordScorePoS
put0VBN
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Prism

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

London Arthur D

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

adlittle

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com downloads tx adlprism Prism water

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WordScorePoS
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pdf Planet Under Pressure

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.547415830125118
WordScorePoS
planet0NN
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WordScorePoS
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Water Security for Planet Under Pressure Transition to sustainability Interconnected challenges and solutions

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.332544876512236
WordScorePoS
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Rio Policy Brief No

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WordScorePoS
policy0.0848203862485078NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.480993629941572
WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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London Planet Under Pressure

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WordScorePoS
planet0NN
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WordScorePoS
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Plummer J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Cross P

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Tackling corruption in the water and sanitation sector in Africa Starting the dialogue

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901552138018107
WordScorePoS
tackle0VB
corruption0NN
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.318604694988132
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.201441535745455
WordScorePoS
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Water and Sanitation Program WSP working paper

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.202852846930375
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Washington DC The World Bank

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.918499615257701
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.375629786620639
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documents

Label: 5, with a score of: 1
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worldbank

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

org curated en tackling corruption water sanitation sector africa starting dialogue Quick T

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.901552138018107
WordScorePoS
tackle0VB
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.318604694988132
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.201441535745455
WordScorePoS
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and Winpenny J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Topic Guide Water security and economic development

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water0.556409482163189NN
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
water0NN
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UK Evidence on Demand

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.921737517526241
WordScorePoS
evidence0.12939607756667NN
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evidenceondemand

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

info topic guide water security and economic development REferences Rockström J

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.826029143600386
WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Karlberg L

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Wani S

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Barron J

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Hatibu N

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Oweis T

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Bruggeman A

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Farahani J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Qiang W

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Managing water in rainfed agriculture The need for paradigm shift

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WordScorePoS
manage0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
manage0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
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Agricultural Water Management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.842215808373666
WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
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WordScorePoS
agricultural0JJ
water0.186896403054502NN
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Rossi B

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Aid Policies and Recipient Strategies in Niger

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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
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Why Donors and Recipients should not be Compartmentalized into Separate Worlds of Knowledge

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.681783263669292
WordScorePoS
world0.0124838525528648NN
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Lewis and D

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Mosse eds

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Development Brokers and Translators The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.710945340848966
WordScorePoS
development0.00837573444202498NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.414004086668001
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.358543030297079
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Bloomfield CT USA Kumarian Press Inc

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Russi D

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Brink P

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Farmer A

Label: 2, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
farmer0.175025014152344NN

Badura T

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Coates D

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Förster J

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Kumar R

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Davidson N

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for Water and Wetlands

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.820258196458845
WordScorePoS
economics0.0683326727248364NNS
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WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
economics0NNS
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Final Consultation Draft

Label: 12, with a score of: 1
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London Brussels Gland UK Belgium Switzerland Institute for European Environmental Policy IEEP Ramsar Secretariat

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

RWSN Rural Water Supply Network Executive Steering Committee

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.881567778677512
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
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WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
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rural0.148975141598503JJ
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Myths of the Rural Water Supply Sector

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.864669008665772
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.372277462513935
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.22707851263215
WordScorePoS
rural0.148975141598503JJ
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RWSN Perspective No

Label: 13, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
perspective0.0548233071065585NN

St

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Gallen Switzerland RWSN

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Sarni W

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Corporate Water Strategies

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.931513919948664
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.312892944161839
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water0.186896403054502NN
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London Earthscan

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Sato T

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Qadir M

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Yamamoto S

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Endo T

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Zahoor A

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Global regional and country level need for data on wastewater generation treatment and use

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.641834878552322
WordScorePoS
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WordScorePoS
global0JJ
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Water Conservation in Irrigated Agriculture Trends and Challenges in the Face of Emerging Demands

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Economic Information Bulletin No

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United States Department of Agriculture USDA Economic Research Service

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Scholz M

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Ökosystemfunktionen von Flussauen Analyse und Bewertung von Hochwasserretention Nährstoffrückhalt Kohlenstoffvorrat Treibhausgasemissionen und Habitatfunktion [Ecosystem functions in floodplains analysis of floodwater detention nutrient retention carbon storage and habitat provision]

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Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt S

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bfn

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de fileadmin MDB documents ina vortraege Auen Scholz Oekosystemleistungen Auen

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Roy A

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Qureshi A

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Sustaining Asia Groundwater Boom An Overview of Issues and Evidence

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Natural Resources Forum United Nations Sustainable Development Journal

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Groundwater and Human Development Challenges and Opportunities in Livelihoods and Environment

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Shiklomanov I

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International Hydrological Programme Database

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St

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Peterburg Russia State Hydrological Institute

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Making Water Part of Economic Development The Economic Benefits of Improved Water Management and Services

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Stockholm SIWI

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Solanes M

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Water governance for development and sustainability

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eclac

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Poverty and water security Understanding how water affects the poor

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Water for All Series No

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Asian Development Bank ADB

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Sperling F

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Powering Africa Green Growth The importance of Water Energy Nexus

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Presentation at the th Africa Water Week Dakar Senegal

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Spiegelhalter D

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Pearson M

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Visualizing uncertainty about the future

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Bildan L

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Washington DC The World Bank

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MSC thesis

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Preface to the special issue The QUEST GSI methodology and synthesis of results

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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences

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A Clash of Paradigms in the Water Sector

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Tensions and Synergies Between Integrated Water Resources Management and the Human Rights Based Approach to Development

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Wastewater treatment by wetlands South Africa

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The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TEEB

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eea

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europa

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eu atlas teeb water quality amelioration value of view WWDR UN United Nations

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Substantive Issues Arising in the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights

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General Comment No

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Economic and Social Council Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights New York UN

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Working draft background paper on the analysis mapping and identification of critical gaps in pre impact and preparedness drought management planning in water scarce and in transitioning settings countries in West Asia North Africa

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The Africa Water Vision for Equitable and Sustainable Use of Water for Socioeconomic Development

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Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers Lakes and Groundwaters

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Label: 13, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
paris0.0548233071065585NN

WWF World Wide Fund For Nature

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.831360270511636
WordScorePoS
world0.00464349782489754NN
wide0JJ
fund0NN
nature0.162755901889551NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.428796754985201
WordScorePoS
world0.00351929966767313NN
wide0.0414107553022249JJ
fund0.0414107553022249NN
nature0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.305455033707428
WordScorePoS
world0.00626002771693937NN
wide0JJ
fund0.055245183797332NN
nature0NN

Water for life Lessons for climate change adaptation from better management of rivers for people and nature

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.626925484539965
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
life0NN
climate0NN
change0NN
adaptation0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
river0.206460189193271NN
people0.024149913320522NNS
nature0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.603852264260482
WordScorePoS
water0NN
life0.00842350130803634NN
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
adaptation0.0671298309154199NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
river0NN
people0.0121096729954788NNS
nature0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348739187590236
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
climate0NN
change0NN
adaptation0NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
people0.0119834723221875NNS
nature0.162755901889551NN

Gland Switzerland WWF

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Living Planet Report Biodiversity Biocapacity and Better Choices

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.704297323297364
WordScorePoS
live0.00636002051881212VB
planet0NN
report0NN
biodiversity0.221714625071441NN
choice0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.3283558676201
WordScorePoS
live0.0252018374089947VB
planet0.0295155485671997NN
report0NN
biodiversity0NN
choice0.0516150472983178NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.325451583296821
WordScorePoS
live0VB
planet0.0234335422829798NN
report0.0409791940864438NN
biodiversity0NN
choice0.0409791940864438NN

Gland Switzerland WWF international

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

WWF DEG KFW Bankengruppe

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Assessing Water Risk Practical Approach for Financial Institutions

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.773699316361456
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
risk0NN
approach0NN
financial0JJ
institution0NN

Label: 16, with a score of: 0.404632018891774
WordScorePoS
water0NN
risk0NN
approach0NN
financial0.016515769558553JJ
institution0.274477239401321NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.335321980058459
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
risk0NN
approach0.0542519672965169NN
financial0JJ
institution0NN

Berlin WWF Germany

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Zekri S

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Karimi A

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Madani K

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Groundwater Policing for Sustainable Food Supply in Oman

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.664246583613926
WordScorePoS
police0NNS
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
food0.292342270824999NN
supply0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.613459838541964
WordScorePoS
police0NNS
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
food0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN

Paper delivered to the st International Association of Hydrologists IAH Congress Groundwater Challenges and Strategies

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Moroccan Chapter

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

September Marrakech

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

REferences Abbreviations and acronyms WRG Water Resources Group ACET African Centre for Economic Transformation AfDB African Development Bank Group AMCOW African Ministers Council on Water ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers AU African Union Best Available Techniques Technology BAT BGR Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe BRICS Brazil Russia India China and South Africa BRIICSBrazil Russia India Indonesia China and South Africa CAP European Union Common Agricultural Policy Convention on Biological Diversity CBD Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CRED DALYs Disability adjusted life years DEWATS Decentralized wastewater treatment systems DFID Department for Internal Development United Kingdom EAFRD European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EBM Ecosystem based management EC European Commission ECA European Court of Auditors ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States EEA European Environment Agency Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia EECCA Environmental Protection Agency EPA European Union EU Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Gross Domestic Product GDP Global Environment Facility GEF Greenhouse gas GHG Global Water Partnership GWP Human Development Index HDI Human Development Report HDR High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition HLPE ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICMM International Council on Mining and Metals ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics ICRISAT IEA International Energy Agency IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre IGRAC IJC International Joint Commission Canada and United States IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IUWM Integrated urban water management IWMI International Water Management Institute IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management WWDR JMP LSALI MDGs MEA NI OECD OHCHR OWG PES PV RWSN SDGs SEI SIDS SIWI SMEs SRBC TNC UN UNCESCR UNCTAD UNDESA UNDP UN DPAC UNECA UNECE UNECLAC UNEP UNESCAP UNESCO UNESCWA UNGA UN Habitat UNIDO UNISDR UNOSD UNU USCB USGS WASH WBCSD WEF WFA WGF WHO WMO WNA WRI WSP WWAP WWF WHO UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation Large scale agricultural lease investments Millennium Development Goals Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Natural Infrastructure Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Open Working Group Payment for ecosystem environmental services Solar photovoltaic Rural Water Supply Network Sustainable Development Goals Stockholm Environmental Institute Small Island Developing States Stockholm International Water Institute Small and medium sized enterprises International Sava River Basin Commission The Nature Conservancy United Nations United Nations Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Development Programme United Nations Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication United Nations Economic Commission for Africa United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia United Nations General Assembly United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction United Nations Office for Sustainable Development United Nations University United States Census Bureau United States Geological Survey Water Sanitation and Hygiene World Business Council for Sustainable Development World Economic Forum Water Footprint Assessment Water Governance Facility World Health Organization World Meteorological Organization World Nuclear Association World Resources Institute Water and Sanitation Program World Water Assessment Programme World Wide Fund For Nature World Wildlife Fund Abbreviations and acronyms BOXES TABLES AND FIGURES Boxes

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.622621412242591
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0.0153390539205676NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0.0590310971343993NN
disability0NN
life0NN
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
base0NN
management0.0428007293971684NN
commission0NN
community0.0214003646985842NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0.0214003646985842NN
agriculture0NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0.00936547854413134JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.0127979231406811JJ
report0NN
level0.00647010760354177NN
panel0NN
security0.0348974218717993NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00301873916506525JJ
metal0NN
river0.206460189193271NN
crop0NN
energy0.0153390539205676NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0.0251182378961834VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0.0153390539205676NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
rights0NNS
service0.0084006124696649NN
sustainable0.00146217101876223JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
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educational0.0683326727248364JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0.136665345449673NN
world0.00438651305628668NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.361216641333746
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
development0.022306853314744NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0.0203215381458133NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0.0250071479597636NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0.0234335422829798NN
base0.0199423462679015NN
management0.0339811641917276NN
commission0NN
community0.0169905820958638NN
central0JJ
environment0.079769385071606NN
agency0.0542519672965169NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0.0598270388037045JJ
protection0NN
food0.186896403054502NN
agriculture0.0277064208763707NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0.0199423462679015NN
gdp0NN
global0.022306853314744JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0.0332151194779746NN
gas0.0332151194779746NN
partnership0NN
human0.0101607690729067JJ
report0.0409791940864438NN
level0.00513687014008325NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.0023966944644375JJ
metal0NN
river0.0409791940864438NN
crop0NN
energy0.133960988253756NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0.162755901889551NN
integrate0.0199423462679015VB
urban0JJ
oecd0.108503934593034NN
habitat0NN
monitor0.0332151194779746NN
programme0.0121782716594324NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0.0509717462875914JJ
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
rights0NNS
service0.00666957305782837NN
sustainable0.0162522423871414JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0.0169905820958638JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0.0277064208763707JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0.0199423462679015NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00464349782489754NN
business0.0409791940864438NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0.0339811641917276NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.295240018281044
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0.0102677744436108NN
convention0.0828215106044499NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0.0236803262479443NN
disability0NN
life0.00842350130803634NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0.0828215106044499VB
fund0.0414107553022249NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0.0171695137813101NN
commission0NN
community0.0343390275626203NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0NN
agriculture0NN
organization0NN
nation0.0671298309154199NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0.0375696197697663JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0.0671298309154199NN
gas0.0671298309154199NN
partnership0NN
human0.0205355488872215JJ
report0NN
level0.0415277415054218NN
panel0.0548233071065585NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00726580379728728JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0.0335649154577099NN
energy0.0123065238088614NN
intergovernmental0.0828215106044499JJ
climate0.291881734282273NN
change0.402565546215053NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0.0201523636533764VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0NN
supply0NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0.0171695137813101JJ
infrastructure0NN
rights0NNS
service0NN
sustainable0JJ
island0.0145856516935579NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0.124232265906675NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0.0414107553022249JJ
risk0NN
reduction0.0403047273067529NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00351929966767313NN
business0NN
forum0.0548233071065585NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0.0414107553022249JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.230220816481903
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0358563662904843NN
african0IN
centre0.0357189919948307NN
economic0JJ
development0.0159922815774215NN
bank0.0881366997038154NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0.0130963126055467NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ
policy0NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0.0881366997038154NN
research0.0252000451111224NN
disaster0.0504000902222448NN
disability0NN
life0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0756001353333673NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0.148975141598503JJ
ecosystem0.0252000451111224NN
base0NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0.0182713919265625NN
central0.0440683498519077JJ
environment0.0214456704626236NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0.292342270824999NN
agriculture0.148975141598503NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0.0119942111830662JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0JJ
report0NN
level0.00552410547653725NN
panel0NN
security0.0893850849591018NN
nutrition0.175025014152344NN
international0.00515473144367677JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0.0357189919948307NN
energy0.0130963126055467NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0.0365427838531249NN
change0.0756001353333673NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0NN
supply0NN
scale0.0357189919948307NN
investment0.0182713919265625NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.0155217067874935NN
rights0NNS
service0.0143446978608332NN
sustainable0.00374515576585943JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0.0214456704626236NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0.0440683498519077JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0.0252000451111224NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.0124838525528648NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.225203569000984
WordScorePoS
water0.0458109463416786NN
resource0.0449504361447405NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0.0389167984372011JJ
development0.0100241617629471NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0.055245183797332JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0.0136980135278128NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0.157957029085893NN
disability0.0631828116343571NN
life0.0112376090361851NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0315914058171786NN
unite0VB
fund0.055245183797332NN
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0.0687164195125178NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0JJ
environment0.0268848280079943NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0.0537696560159885JJ
protection0NN
food0NN
agriculture0NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0.0373517915079663JJ
domestic0.0315914058171786JJ
product0.0268848280079943NN
gdp0NN
global0.00501208088147356JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.0273960270556257JJ
report0NN
level0.00692515656684925NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0.0492535935240667NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0.0229054731708393NN
change0.0315914058171786NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0.0537696560159885VB
urban0.27622591898666JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0NN
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scale0NN
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millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0.0229054731708393JJ
infrastructure0.0194583992186006NN
rights0NNS
service0.0269743071558856NN
sustainable0.00782503464617421JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0.0458109463416786JJ
cultural0.055245183797332JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0.055245183797332NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0.146277152173395NN
industrial0JJ
risk0.0631828116343571NN
reduction0.0268848280079943NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00626002771693937NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0.0229054731708393NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.219352514870477
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
resource0.0185001613201543NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0.0320338181740375JJ
development0.0330049940546426NN
bank0NN
society0.0221298700466866NN
civil0JJ
technology0.0810848128688654NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0.0368585655748969JJ
policy0.011275328195446NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0.104016094894625NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0.0188543197850406NN
central0JJ
environment0.0221298700466866NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0.0221298700466866JJ
protection0NN
food0.0188543197850406NN
agriculture0NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0.030745604615229JJ
domestic0.0520080474473126JJ
product0.0442597400933733NN
gdp0NN
global0JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.011275328195446JJ
report0NN
level0NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00265959362690358JJ
metal0.0602029956716497NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0.0540565419125769NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0.0737171311497939NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0NN
supply0NN
scale0.0368585655748969NN
investment0.0377086395700813NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
rights0NNS
service0.0148023490369527NN
sustainable0.00901749491165909JJ
island0.0160169090870187NN
develop0VB
medium0.0454743001434393NN
size0.0368585655748969NN
enterprise0.0909486002868787NN
basin0NN
social0.0188543197850406JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
communication0.0922368138456871NN
educational0JJ
scientific0.030745604615229JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0.318320101004075JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00257642711761688NN
business0.0909486002868787NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0.0377086395700813NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0.0602029956716497NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.215037797717775
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0375923735942499NN
african0IN
centre0.0299586785922821NN
economic0JJ
development0.0469463607292177NN
bank0.036961556179878NN
society0.0359743605686701NN
civil0.0978661089756501JJ
technology0.109843026967392NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0.0641521854453136NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0NN
disability0.0211360962287062NN
life0NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0.0211360962287062NN
unite0.036961556179878VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0.017987180284335NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0NN
agriculture0NN
organization0.0422721924574123NN
nation0.0299586785922821NN
gross0.0249900578719309JJ
domestic0.0634082886861185JJ
product0.017987180284335NN
gdp0NN
global0.0201198688839505JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0.3914644359026NN
human0JJ
report0NN
level0.0138997399903163NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00648516099948979JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0.0109843026967392NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0.0599173571845643NN
programme0NN
supply0NN
scale0NN
investment0.0766240489430275NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.0130185595639838NN
rights0NNS
service0NN
sustainable0.0115176738164035JJ
island0.0130185595639838NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0.0539615408530051NN
decade0NN
communication0.0499801157438617NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00418824502414673NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.171831455408451
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0123650647908625NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0.128463821595706JJ
development0.0055149369084567NN
bank0NN
society0.0591643007226199NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0.0452169560888236NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0NN
disability0.0347609334428716NN
life0.0123650647908625NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0JJ
environment0.0591643007226199NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0.0295821503613099JJ
protection0NN
food0NN
agriculture0NN
organization0.0347609334428716NN
nation0NN
gross0.0410992516792148JJ
domestic0.0695218668857431JJ
product0.0591643007226199NN
gdp0NN
global0.0220597476338268JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.0150723186962745JJ
report0NN
level0.00761994916892276NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00355521737836969JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0.0295821503613099VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0.0180650490434051NN
supply0NN
scale0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0NN
rights0.0347609334428716NNS
service0.0197870712294258NN
sustainable0.00688808874408283JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0.0607878664258118NN
size0.049270765107907NN
enterprise0.0607878664258118NN
basin0NN
social0.0504071033101074JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0.0591643007226199NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00172202218602071NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 5, with a score of: 0.154069491623537
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0.0280166088658745NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0.0727679293221751JJ
development0.0124956749436837NN
bank0NN
society0.0335134328085675NN
civil0JJ
technology0.0409315617631NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0.0558185411034276JJ
policy0.0341506708422088NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0.0140083044329373NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0.0465610847355851NN
food0NN
agriculture0.0465610847355851NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0.0393804437159645JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.0170753354211044JJ
report0NN
level0.0172651853471334NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00402768349408688JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0.02046578088155NN
supply0NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0.0911713013253052JJ
goal0NN
natural0.0285529457667019JJ
infrastructure0.024255976440725NN
rights0.078760887431929NNS
service0.022416649027415NN
sustainable0.00390173629172995JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0.0285529457667019JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0.18234260265061NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
communication0.0465610847355851NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0.0688661930304451JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00585260443759492NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0.0571058915334038NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.112664490700087
WordScorePoS
water0NN
resource0NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0JJ
development0NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0.109914925284606NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0.0528748274225028NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0.0188084899376888NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0NN
management0NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0.0924643738905717JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0.0383371018038178NN
agriculture0NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0.0251662980592747JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0.0749457204978913NN
gas0.0749457204978913NN
partnership0NN
human0JJ
report0NN
level0NN
panel0NN
security0.0625160381065121NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00540783824576293JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0.494617163780726NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0.115011305411453NN
change0.105749654845006NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0.0274787313211514NN
supply0.0528748274225028NN
scale0NN
investment0.0383371018038178NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0.0651354046449052NN
rights0NNS
service0.0451471467893167NN
sustainable0.0104774661535722JJ
island0.0325677023224526NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0NN
reduction0NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00261936653839306NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.10563988852398
WordScorePoS
water0.016202004209163NN
resource0.0317953333768269NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0JJ
development0.0106357666046841NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0NN
convention0NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0.00794883334420673NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0.0264204925485796JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
base0.0190167691930804NN
management0.0486060126274891NN
commission0NN
community0.016202004209163NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0NN
food0.016202004209163NN
agriculture0.0528409850971592NN
organization0NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0.0190167691930804NN
gdp0NN
global0.00354525553489471JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0.0193783617722719JJ
report0NN
level0.00489845440032415NN
panel0NN
security0.0264204925485796NN
nutrition0NN
international0.00228545753063677JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0.0316735178673487NN
energy0.0116130458375813NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0.032404008418326NN
change0.0446918591208085NN
sanitation0NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
nature0NN
integrate0.0190167691930804VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0.0390772412228479NN
monitor0NN
programme0NN
supply0.0223459295604043NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0.016202004209163JJ
infrastructure0NN
rights0NNS
service0.0127200410376242NN
sustainable0.00664197120025784JJ
island0NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0.0223459295604043NN
reduction0.0190167691930804NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00110699520004297NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0NN
wide0JJ
wildlife0.0517339898971162NN
figure0NN

Label: 3, with a score of: 0.0943803327004357
WordScorePoS
water0.0382775468083574NN
resource0NN
african0IN
centre0NN
economic0JJ
development0.00837573444202498NN
bank0NN
society0NN
civil0JJ
technology0NN
south0RB
africa0IN
common0.0615471563780609JJ
agricultural0JJ
policy0NN
convention0.0307735781890304NN
biological0JJ
diversity0NN
research0.0175975629039954NN
disaster0NN
disability0NN
life0.0250390290383647NN
wastewater0NN
treatment0.0624189222007589NN
system0NN
unite0VB
fund0NN
rural0JJ
ecosystem0NN
base0.0149758277542848NN
management0.0127591822694525NN
commission0NN
community0NN
central0JJ
environment0NN
agency0NN
eastern0.0407408489778079JJ
asia0IN
environmental0JJ
protection0.020806307400253NN
food0NN
agriculture0NN
organization0.0175975629039954NN
nation0NN
gross0JJ
domestic0JJ
product0NN
gdp0NN
global0.013959557403375JJ
facility0NN
greenhouse0NN
gas0NN
partnership0NN
human0JJ
report0.0307735781890304NN
level0NN
panel0NN
security0NN
nutrition0NN
international0JJ
metal0NN
river0NN
crop0NN
energy0NN
intergovernmental0JJ
climate0NN
change0NN
sanitation0.0249430985430622NN
conservation0NN
nature0NN
integrate0VB
urban0JJ
oecd0NN
habitat0NN
monitor0NN
programme0.00914534810831654NN
supply0NN
scale0NN
investment0NN
millennium0JJ
goal0NN
natural0JJ
infrastructure0NN
rights0.0175975629039954NNS
service0.0100171139310145NN
sustainable0.00087176582269799JJ
island0.0108390366114755NN
develop0VB
medium0NN
size0NN
enterprise0NN
basin0NN
social0JJ
cultural0JJ
conference0NN
trade0.0149758277542848NN
decade0NN
communication0NN
educational0JJ
scientific0JJ
western0JJ
settlement0NN
industrial0JJ
risk0.0703902516159815NN
reduction0.0149758277542848NN
university0NN
survey0NN
hygiene0NN
world0.00087176582269799NN
business0NN
forum0NN
governance0NN
health0.191387734041787NN
wide0.0307735781890304JJ
wildlife0NN
figure0NN

The terms safe and improved in the MDG context

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.686949346358236
WordScorePoS
term0.149793392961411NN
safe0JJ
improve0.0183291958415182VB
context0.036961556179878NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.398662130495098
WordScorePoS
term0NN
safe0.0916218926833571JJ
improve0.0273960270556257VB
context0NN

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.327832520448259
WordScorePoS
term0.0749457204978913NN
safe0JJ
improve0.0229264916384433VB
context0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.314836784839652
WordScorePoS
term0NN
safe0.0428007293971684JJ
improve0.0511916925627245VB
context0NN

Water supply investments The importance of governance and financing for reducing poverty

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.758945879445909
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
investment0NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.00936547854413134VB
poverty0NN

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.393702120819079
WordScorePoS
water0NN
supply0NN
investment0.0376648791150643NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.0164833460638534VB
poverty0.269969049497485NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.354303494298627
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
investment0NN
governance0NN
financing0NN
reduce0.022306853314744VB
poverty0.0121782716594324NN

Safeguarding the interests of poor people Global trends with local effects

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.546296405400169
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.150659516460257JJ
people0.0371911007748996NNS
global0JJ
local0JJ
effect0NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.442538187544981
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.0548141757796873JJ
people0.0257736572183839NNS
global0.0119942111830662JJ
local0.0155217067874935JJ
effect0.0440683498519077NN

Label: 11, with a score of: 0.397455224607964
WordScorePoS
safeguard0.0731385760866977VB
poor0.0229054731708393JJ
people0.0161552501392041NNS
global0.00501208088147356JJ
local0.0194583992186006JJ
effect0NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.337042930224773
WordScorePoS
safeguard0VB
poor0.0642010940957526JJ
people0.024149913320522NNS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
local0.0181797964452808JJ
effect0NN

Opportunities for water investments to facilitate economic growth

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.65943699042423
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0153390539205676NN
water0.556409482163189NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0JJ
growth0NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.459459585313077
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN
water0NN
investment0.0252035516550537NN
facilitate0VB
economic0.128463821595706JJ
growth0.208565600657229NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.265502463941347
WordScorePoS
opportunity0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
investment0NN
facilitate0VB
economic0.0433009429988926JJ
growth0NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.337145067051099
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.029046330719385NN
water0NN
investment0.0202620733250388NN
facilitate0.02794560829783VB
economic0.103276847978089JJ
growth0.11178243319132NN

Investing in water infrastructure When damages avoided become main benefits

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.827713367402569
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
infrastructure0.0181797964452808NN
avoid0VB
benefit0NN

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.368654181406942
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
water0.0377086395700813NN
infrastructure0.192202909044225NN
avoid0VB
benefit0.0260040237236563NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.310814183285361
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
infrastructure0.028867295332595NN
avoid0VB
benefit0NN

Investing in water wise policy option that good for business

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.861003020930074
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
water0.556409482163189NN
policy0NN
business0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.384066932930906
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
water0.186896403054502NN
policy0.0203215381458133NN
business0.0409791940864438NN

Still many opportunities to do more with less

Label: 7, with a score of: 0.652380143467089
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0549574626423028NN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.42888731466307
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0361300980868102NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.344798476691661
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.029046330719385NN

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.310923171693881
WordScorePoS
opportunity0.0261926252110933NN

Trade offs in water and production

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.84771037555953
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0.556409482163189NN
production0.0214003646985842NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.448686831036813
WordScorePoS
trade0NN
water0.186896403054502NN
production0.118934074671047NN

Investing in protecting water resources

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.860571784505358
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protect0.0153390539205676VB
water0.556409482163189NN
resource0.0104991907358033NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.355837298169719
WordScorePoS
invest0VB
protect0.0121782716594324VB
water0.186896403054502NN
resource0.0416785799329393NN

Reconnecting lakes in the Central Yangtze River Basin

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.944732066987407
WordScorePoS
lake0.103230094596636NN
central0JJ
river0.206460189193271NN
basin0.0683326727248364NN

Wastewater treatment in the Fynbos Ecosystem South Africa

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.855185700205425
WordScorePoS
wastewater0.204998018174509NN
treatment0.0348974218717993NN
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.425593317842061
WordScorePoS
wastewater0NN
treatment0NN
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Transboundary collaboration for healthy ecosystems and community engagement

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.671725214425817
WordScorePoS
transboundary0JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.134075577362426NN
community0.016202004209163NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.533028820112906
WordScorePoS
transboundary0.0683326727248364JJ
healthy0JJ
ecosystem0.0295155485671997NN
community0.0214003646985842NN

Examples of unsustainable WASH

Label: 12, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
unsustainable0.0542519672965169JJ

focus on providing for the poorest leads to more equitable WASH outcomes in South Africa

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.410712560189714
WordScorePoS
focus0.030745604615229NN
provide0.00740117451847634VB
poorest0JJS
lead0.0188543197850406NN
equitable0.0221298700466866JJ
outcome0.030745604615229NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Label: 4, with a score of: 0.400456943809227
WordScorePoS
focus0NN
provide0.0100202166857628VB
poorest0JJS
lead0.0255262687343935NN
equitable0.0299609328954485JJ
outcome0.0416255041156371NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Label: 8, with a score of: 0.342045698246163
WordScorePoS
focus0.0410992516792148NN
provide0VB
poorest0JJS
lead0.0504071033101074NN
equitable0JJ
outcome0NN
south0RB
africa0IN

Pro poor policies in Kampala

Label: 1, with a score of: 0.754181891526613
WordScorePoS
poor0.150659516460257JJ
policy0.0450489732120807NN

Label: 10, with a score of: 0.326863691238016
WordScorePoS
poor0JJ
policy0.0848203862485078NN

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.306272409023863
WordScorePoS
poor0.0153248097886055JJ
policy0.0641521854453136NN

Forest conservation by water utility in Costa Rica

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.72777682397292
WordScorePoS
forest0.041835863322702NN
conservation0NN
water0.556409482163189NN

Label: 15, with a score of: 0.624701895896491
WordScorePoS
forest0.380082214408185NN
conservation0.117231723668544NN
water0.016202004209163NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.227363023637893
WordScorePoS
forest0NN
conservation0NN
water0.186896403054502NN

Phnom Penh water supply An example of good governance

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.899543051043951
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
supply0.0590310971343993NN
governance0NN

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375925489448288
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
supply0.0703006268489394NN
governance0NN

DEWATS in Indonesia

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Deficit irrigation for high yield and maximum net profits

Label: 14, with a score of: 0.655224069650588
WordScorePoS
irrigation0NN
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WordScorePoS
irrigation0.0516150472983178NN
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Rio Rural Payments for environmental services in watershed management programme

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.460614909413726
WordScorePoS
rural0.148975141598503JJ
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.526870911567476
WordScorePoS
rural0.0373517915079663JJ
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.325918917459918
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rural0JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317726587191572
WordScorePoS
rural0JJ
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The Keita Project Exploring the range of water conservation options in western Niger

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WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.367314420126866
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN
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Strengthening adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers through land and water management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.762728676077254
WordScorePoS
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.37640048817565
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.317112885423841
WordScorePoS
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Groundwater governance in Andhra Pradesh India

Label: 16, with a score of: 1
WordScorePoS
governance0.107490825192354NN

Mining and water sustainability Minera Esperanza Chile

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.915668095195504
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water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.375008731275342
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Water and wastewater in eco industrial parks

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.880325434591241
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.411633922221555
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.216086205047261
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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United Nations post global goal for water and what it means for industry

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.789018669099532
WordScorePoS
unite0VB
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.348899540983263
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.306257999647339
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Kofi Annan on Africa green and blue revolutions

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

The Grand Inga project

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.778049848378303
WordScorePoS
project0.0664302389559493NN

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.489993527444456
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project0.041835863322702NN

Label: 13, with a score of: 0.393121834169814
WordScorePoS
project0.0335649154577099NN

Large scale agricultural lease investments

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.881957971290446
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.323241138688808
WordScorePoS
scale0.0368585655748969NN
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Millennium Development Goal Ensure environmental sustainability

Label: 12, with a score of: 0.501439013138386
WordScorePoS
millennium0JJ
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Label: 5, with a score of: 0.446182025660845
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.335171341546883
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.328086650187334
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Outcomes of dedicated SDG for water as suggested by UN Water

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.926687237803322
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.311271675005633
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Text related to water and sanitation in the final report of the Open Working Group on SDGs WWDR Tables

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.924613803313327
WordScorePoS
related0.0524959536790166JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.337781965712318
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Overview of natural infrastructure solutions for water resources management

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.754871627622032
WordScorePoS
natural0.0214003646985842JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.398072644336899
WordScorePoS
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.331658553150031
WordScorePoS
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UNIDO Green Industry Initiative Figures

Label: 9, with a score of: 0.887713893138031
WordScorePoS
green0JJ
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.339041068929027
WordScorePoS
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Total renewable water resources per capita

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.800831254861168
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.424878955159516
WordScorePoS
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.270593539011408
WordScorePoS
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Schematic of criteria for sustainable water sanitation and hygiene services and their key impacts on sustainable development

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.900388826953033
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.285274841639428
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Strong growth of bottled and sachet water as main drinking water source in urban settings

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.903132298914164
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.244513767957388
WordScorePoS
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.240624894316683
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.136431627493985
WordScorePoS
strong0JJ
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Sanitation coverage in Ethiopia by province

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.932545619074978
WordScorePoS
sanitation0.334686906581616NN
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Global water demand in and

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.910404861342618
WordScorePoS
global0.00936547854413134JJ
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.336635013626546
WordScorePoS
global0.022306853314744JJ
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Trends in urban water supply coverage

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.813682484678129
WordScorePoS
urban0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.425769384653485
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.340043743268469
WordScorePoS
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Access to sanitation in urban Cambodia in different wealth quintiles

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.730880551431657
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.603698350208399
WordScorePoS
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Access to water in Mombasa's informal settlements

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.891930644027748
WordScorePoS
access0.00731085509381114NN
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Label: 11, with a score of: 0.313830742443415
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.29938509752342
WordScorePoS
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The five principles of sustainable agriculture

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.727628984377738
WordScorePoS
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Label: 10, with a score of: 0.472270192615038
WordScorePoS
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Examples of water hotspots in selected industries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.877593753663664
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.346372087026673
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294781309738234
WordScorePoS
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Relative water footprint of various industry sectors

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.83458222008175
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.398895191999544
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.294492130303334
WordScorePoS
relative0JJ
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Water stewardship strategy for industry

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.871215107828005
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 9, with a score of: 0.343854538489804
WordScorePoS
water0.0377086395700813NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.292638740279481
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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Growth in agricultural groundwater use in selected countries

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.731645377515736
WordScorePoS
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Label: 8, with a score of: 0.554425027837443
WordScorePoS
growth0.208565600657229NN
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Agricultural groundwater use in China km per year

Label: 2, with a score of: 0.966028319995684
WordScorePoS
agricultural0.250032943963815JJ

Map of arsenic traces in groundwater in Asia

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

Per capita share of renewable water resources in selected Arab region countries

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.732297109306269
WordScorePoS
capita0NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.350201153872635
WordScorePoS
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Label: 1, with a score of: 0.316989650721988
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.241831893254174
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The water food energy nexus in Africa BOXES TABLES AND FIGURES The United Nations World Water Development Report ISBN UNESCO Set of two volumes pages Price EUR

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.720738715951164
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.476297218721152
WordScorePoS
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.334512205263031
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Label: 2, with a score of: 0.244998151186741
WordScorePoS
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ISBN UNESCO Set of two reports pages Price EUR

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.783359314568745
WordScorePoS
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Full colour with photographs tables figures maps boxes notes references and abbreviations list as well as Forewords by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki moon UNESCO Director General Irina Bokova and UN Water Chair and WMO Secretary General Michel Jarraud

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.632018962184425
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.21229341785348
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.69523575897699
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WWDR Full colour with photographs tables figures maps boxes notes references and abbreviations list as well as Forewords by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki moon UNESCO Director General Irina Bokova and UN Water Chair and WMO Secretary General Michel Jarraud

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.632018962184425
WordScorePoS
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.21229341785348
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Label: 7, with a score of: 0.69523575897699
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Case Studies and Indicators Report Full colour with photographs tables figures maps boxes notes references and abbreviations list as well as Preface by WWAP Coordinator a

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

and Author

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To purchase printed copy of the book please visit http publishing

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

unesco

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

org To request CD ROM containing the report and associated publications please write to wwap unesco

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org To download the PDF and book

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epub format formats of the report and associated publications previous WWDRs and media material please visit http www

Label: 0, with a score of: 1

unesco

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org water wwap CD ROM content WWDR Case Studies and Indicators Report Executive Summary in languages Facts Figures in languages Associated publications Executive Summary of the WWDR Facts and Figures from the WWDR Executive Summary of the WWDR Facts and Figures from the WWDR pages Available in English French and Spanish pages Available in English French and Spanish pages Available in Arabic Chinese English French German Italian Korean Portuguese Russian and Spanish pages Available in English French Spanish and Italian To download these documents please visit http www

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.848431771007807
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.347472325058347
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unesco

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org water wwap UN Water Reports UN Water is the United Nations UN inter agency coordination mechanism for freshwater related issues including sanitation

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.922519780976
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.292048233497275
WordScorePoS
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Label: 17, with a score of: 0.150624391020025
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It was formally established in building on long history of collaboration in the UN family

Label: 17, with a score of: 0.739424022639383
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Label: 16, with a score of: 0.408209569960344
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UN Water is comprised of UN entities with focus on or interest in water related issues as Members and other non UN international organizations as Partners

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.923454713327689
WordScorePoS
water0.556409482163189NN
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Label: 12, with a score of: 0.303929978774806
WordScorePoS
water0.186896403054502NN
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The work of UN Water is organized around Thematic Priority Areas and Task Forces as well as awareness raising campaigns such as World Water Day March and World Toilet Day November

Label: 6, with a score of: 0.832123896804904
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The main purpose of UN Water is to complement and add value to existing programmes and projects by facilitating synergies and joint efforts so as to maximize system wide coordinated action and coherence

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By doing so UN Water seeks to increase the effectiveness of the support provided to Member States in their efforts towards achieving international agreements on water

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PERIODIC REPORTS World Water Development Report WWDR is the reference publication of the UN system on the status of the freshwater resource

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The Report is the result of the strong collaboration among UN Water Members and Partners and it represents the coherent and integrated response of the UN system to freshwater related issues and emerging challenges

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The report production coordinated by the World Water Assessment Programme and the theme is harmonized with the theme of World Water Day March

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From to the WWDR was released every three years and from the Report is released annually to provide the most up to date and factual information of how water related challenges are addressed around the world

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UN Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water GLAAS is produced by the World Health Organization WHO on behalf of UN Water

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It is substantive input into the activities of Sanitation and Water for All SWA

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The progress report of the WHO UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation JMP is affiliated with UN Water and presents the results of the global monitoring of progress towards MDG target to halve by the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanitation

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 Strategic outlook  State uses and management of water resources  Global  Regional assessments  Triennial  Annual from  Links to the theme of World Water Day March  Strategic outlook  Water supply and sanitation  Global  Regional assessments  Biennial since  Status and trends  Water supply and sanitation  Global  Regional and national assessments  Biennial  Annual updates since UN WATER PLANNED PUBLICATIONS UN Water Analytical Brief on Wastewater Management UN Water Analytical Brief on Water Efficiency UN Water Analytical Brief on Water Quality Monitoring UN Water Country Briefs UN Water Policy Brief on Discrimination and the Right to Water and Sanitation UN Water Report on the International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' More information on UN Water Reports at http www

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unwater

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org publications WWDR Chapter title The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme WWAP is hosted and led by UNESCO

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WWAP brings together the work of UN Water Members as well as Partners to publish the United Nations World Water Development Report WWDR series

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Under the theme Water for Sustainable Development the WWDR has been prepared as contribution from UN Water to the discussions surrounding the post framework for global sustainable development

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Highlighting water unique and often complex role in achieving various sustainable development objectives the WWDR is addressed to policy and decision makers inside and outside the water community as well as to anyone with an interest in freshwater and its many life giving benefits

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The report sets an aspirational yet achievable vision for the future of water towards by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities maintains well functioning ecosystems and ecological services and provides cornerstone for short and long term economic development

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It provides an overview of the challenges issues and trends in terms of water resources their use and water related services like water supply and sanitation

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The report also offers in rigorous yet accessible manner guidance about how to address these challenges and to seize the opportunities that sound water management provides in order to achieve and maintain economic social and environmental sustainability

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This publication is financed by the Government of Italy and Umbria Region

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Chapter STATUS TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

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SDGCOUNT
1593
2488
3171
499
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61645
7374
8474
9446
10342
11396
121802
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17414

RelationCOUNT
1,10151
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